SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

NAMEOF WORK: - CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED SEWERAGE

TREATMENT PLANT

PRE- ANOXIEC MBBR SYSTEM

BOD Inlet Parameters:-

COD 450 mg/Lt
BOD 250 mg/Lt
TDS 100.00 mg/Lt
TSS 375 mg/Lt
pH 5.50-9.00  

After Treated Water Parameters:

COD Less than 50 mg/Lt
BOD Less than 10 mg/Lt
Oil & Nill mg/Lt
Grease
pH 5.50-9.00

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT: -

Proposed scheme for PRE -ANOXIEC MBBR Treatment Plant >

FINE SCREEN SCREEN

 OIL & GREASE CHAMBER

GRIT CHAMBER

EQULIZATION TANK

ANOXIEC TANK

MBBR TANK-2 STAGE

TUBE SETTLER

SLUDGE HOLDING TANK

FILTER FEED WATER TANK

TREATED WATER TANK

END USE

This process refers to the operation of activated sludge tanks in various

Configurations ina combination of

1) Suspended biomass,
2) MLSS (mixed liquid suspended solids) and
3) Attached biomass, which is attached to the media.
Such kind of operation is generally classified as Moving BedBIO
Reactor(MBBR).

Basic principle:-

Flock forming organism’s form clusters or attach to available surfaces. The

media CarrierMaterial allows high biomass concentrations per cubic meter of
material, which Increases the specific volumetric capacity of activated sludge
tanksControls Biomass activityReduces operating costthe bar screen removes
larger floating Matter and suspended particles. ScreenedSewage flows into the
STP tank, which contains the MBBRmedia. The MBBR media significantly
increases the surface Area for bacterial growth. Air is supplied through
fineDiffusers. Bacteria oxidize the organic matter present in the sewage.
Oxidized sewageOverflows in the Lamella settler. Suspended particles in the
treated wastewater settle, witha part of the settled sludge sliding back to the
aeration tank. The clarifier Mechanism provides larger surface areas, thus
reducing the settling tank size. Treated waterOverflows into a chlorine contact
tank, wherein dosing hypochlorite Solution through anElectronic dosing system
disinfects the treated water.

PROCESS DETAILS:-

Bar Screen:-

Raw sewage from the source is usually received into the bar screen chamber
by Gravity. Screen provided will remove all floating and big size matter such as
Plastic bottles, polythene bags, Glasses, stones, etc., which may otherwise
choke the pipeline and pumps. The bar screens are Designed one set...The
bar screen spaced minimum we have designed 20mm.

Oil and Grease Trap:-

The sewage generated includes maximum quantity from kitchen and canteen,
There is aPossibility of higher concentrations of oil and grease in the raw
Sewage. It needs to be removed beforebiological treatment as it otherwise
may Cause problems for biological treatment. Usually, a small civil construction
tank with a baffle wall and slotted oil pipe skimmer is provided. The oiland
grease removed by gravity floats to the surface, which is removed by the oil
Skimmer.

Equalization Tank (Civil Construction):-

Sewage generation is more during morning hours and evening hours. Visually
noSewage is generated during night hours. Any biological system needs
constant Feed forBacteria to work efficiently. Hence, it is important to put
equalizationTank to collect theExcess flow during peak hours and feed sewage
in lean hours. A typical equalization tank has a capacity of 7 hours of average
flow rate. The. Provision of air grid is to be made for thoroughly mixing
theSewage to make it of homogenous quality and to keep the suspended
matter inSuspension and to avoid septic conditions.

ANOXIC TANK:-The main aim of Anoxic tank is designedAerobic Anoxic

Process nitrate is fed to the anoxic reactor from nitrate in the return activated
sludge flow and pumping mixed liquor from aerobic zone . The Key parameters
of Nitrogen removal 1. Anoxic detention time 2. MLVSS Concentration 3.
Internal recycle rate and Return sludge flow 4. Influent BOD or biodegradable
COD (b COD) concentration 5. The readly biodegradable COD (r COD) 6.
Temperature.

The Anoxic zones are designed single stage or a series of complete mix tanks
with equal detention time. The Mechanical Mixing Power requirements Anoxic
zone range 8 to 13 KW /10 cum.

Transfer of Sewage:-

The sewerage transfer from Equalization Tank to STP treatment tank(MBBR

TANK).The Distance of transfer should not exceed beyond 5 meter. The
transfers Pump Non-clog Sewerage pump.

MBBR MEDIA (MBBR):-

MBBR Media (MBBR) as the name indicates consists of floating media of

various Shapes andSizes. The main objective of adding this media is to make
available more surface area for Bacteria to grow on, thereby maintaining and
retaining Maximum possible bacterial population ina limited volume. The FM
media Material allows biomass concentration of 60Kgs/m3Material. Thus,
MBBRConsists of combination of biomass in attached as well as
suspendedForm. High Concentration of biomass enables reduction of aeration
tank and in turn reduction inOverall cost. Volume of the media shall vary from 6
to 25 % based on the Concentrationof Organic matter.

Another main feature of the MBBRis its compactness. The MBBRconsists of

biological system for removal of organic matter (BOD, COD), lamella for
Clarification and chlorine contact tank forDisinfection. As all units are placed
inside a single tank, it saves space and also increasesOperationalease.
In MBBR, raw sewage enters at the top of the tank. Air is introduced at the
bottom of the tank through fine bubble diffusers. Media will be in suspension
because of the turbulence created by the air. The bacteria required for the
oxidation of the Organic matter is attached to the media and some part is
suspended in the tank.

After oxidation, the bacteria grow in number and need to beseparated from the
Aeration tank liquor. The Clarifier section inside the MBBR helps
inClarificationand separation of the bacteria (sludge) and clear overflow flows
into chlorine Contact Tank. Clarifier helps in increasing the settling area and
removing the Particles effectively in asmaller plan area. In chlorine contact
tank, Sodium hypo Chlorite (NaOCl) is added for disinfecting the clarified
sewage. Baffle is provided to make better contact. The chlorinatedTreated
sewage then flows out ofMBBReither for further treatment or for disposal.

TREATED WATER COLLECTION TANK:-

The treated water is collecting from activated carbon filter; the treated water
sump has designed Minimum 6 hours holding time. From chlorine dosing tank
to hypo Chlorine is pumping to treated water Tank to remove odder .The
treated water Tank to Sludge the sludge to concentrate at the bottom of
Clarifier, and sludge to Pumping by using sludge transfer Pump and holding to
sludge holding tank .From sludge holding tank to filter press by using screw
Pumps .The Filter press Network has designed.

Twovalves one valve opened the sludge to connecting To Equalization tank,

Second valve opened the after to passing to Filter Feed Tank. This is
continuingProcess, after concentration, the bottom sludge Valve can be open
to drain the required quantity of Sludge. An air scour pipe is provided to
dislodge any Media choking the drain outlet. Open the air scourValveFor short
time to remove the clog.

Reference books:-

1. Sewerage treatment & Disposal and waste water engineering by Dr.

Pn.modi
2. Sewerage Disposal and Air pollution engineering by –sk .garg
3. Waste water treatment by Metcalf & Eddy
4. Central public health environmental engineering organization
5. Karnataka state pollution control board hand book

Tube Settler Tank:-

The clarifier mechanisms offered will tubular settling or lamella settling
Since the flow Rate is low. For higher flow rate conical circular clarifier
Is offered with scraper and Decanter mechanisms.
Tubular Settling:-
The thick 5mm plastic or FRP sheets are closely packed and arranged
in a slope with an 45Degree angle for the purpose of efficient settling the
heavier suspended mass and particles flow Down to the bottom of the tank and
the clarified water over flows to the next subsequent tank. Where clear clarified
water is collected. The bottom of the will have hopper arrangement to Collect
the sludge where it can be dislodged periodically and system

Pressure sand Filter:-

The pressure sand filter is used as a tertiary treatment unit to trap the
 Trace amounts of solids which escape to clarifier, and can typically
Handleup to 50 mg/l of solids in an economical manner. The sand used
In thePSF is not ordinary construction sand. It has particle size in a
Septicrange, and specially sleeved for this purpose.
Thick of sand filter as a 3D filter as compared to planer filters like a tea
Bag .The filtration occurs along the entire depth of the sand layer. The
Sand particles in water get entrapped and enmeshed in the spaces
Between the sand particles.
Gradually the space between sand particles gets filled with incoming
Solids. This blocks the passage of water through the sand layer. As a
Result, the pressure at the outlet drops rapidly and wastes the pumping
Power and reduces the throughput of the filter.
The pressure drops beyond a limit; the sand is cleaned by backwashing
of the filter with water, in which water is passed in the reverse direction.
The backwash water carries away the lighter pollutant solid particles as
Backwash waste.

Activated CarbonFilter:-
Activated carbon filter is typically manufactured from coconut shell the
Activation process creating a highly porous material with very large
Surface area .organic polluent molecules are physically adsorbed and
Held fast within the catacomb-like porous structure of the activated
Carbon.Granually activated carbon is typically used for this purpose.
The water filled by pressure sand filter enters the activated carbon filter.
Unlike in the case of the sand filter, trapped molecules in the carbon
Cannot be backwashed and rid of. Hence activated carbon in the filter
 Has a finite capacity to absorb and hold the pollutants, after which the
Carbon is said to be exhausted. The exhausted material is removed from
The filter and disposed off. Fresh activated carbon is charged in the filter.

Air piping: - Air piping consists of mains,valves,meters, and other fittings

That transported compressed air from blowers to the diffusers. Because the
Pressures are low light weight piping will be used.
The air discharged by blowers 60 – 80 degree c, condensation in the air
Piping
Is not a problem, except where pipe ing in submerged in the waste water.
Friction losses in air piping can be calculated using the Darcy-weisbach
Equation
HL = f x L/D X hi
Where HL = friction loss, mm of water
F = dimensionless friction factor obtained from moody diagram
L = Equelent length of pipe
D = pipe diameter
Hi = velocity head of air.

Settling Velocity: - The sand particle of 0.2- mm size with specific gravity
of 2.65 is observed to settle at a rate of 2.30 cm/s
Fine Bubble Diffusers generated with ceramic,plastic, or flexible membranes.
Coarse bubble Diffusers generated with orifices, injectors and nozzles.
We have proposed Dome type Diffuser.
Blowers: - Three types of blowers commonly used for aeration. Centrifugal,
Rotary lobe positive displacement and inlet guide vane – variable diffuser. The
Centrifugal blowers are almost used unit greater than 425 cum /min of free of
Air.
Air Piping: - Air piping consists of mains, valves, meters and other fittings
That transports compressed air from the blowers to the air diffusers. Friction
Losses calculated using the Darcy – Weisbach equation.

MBBR Media:-
Size of Bubble – 1 mm to 2 mm
Moc of Diffuser – EPDM /Silicon
Flow rate per Diffuser – 2.0-5.0 cum /hr (63X610)
5.0-10.00 cum / hr (63x1000)
9.0-12.50 cum/ hr (90x1000)
Fine Bubble Disc Diffuser
Type of Bubble – Fine Bubble (Aeration Tank)
Coarse Bubble - (Equalization Tank)
Disc Diffuser 85 degree c
Operating Temperature --- 40 degree c
Shape of Diffuser – Disc Type
Tube Settler Media:-

Bar screen Length:-

L= (d+0.30)xcot theta +1.73 ( w+ds)
Where L- Length of the screen chamber
d= depth of flow in screen channel in m
Theta = angle of inclination of screen with horizontal
w = width of screen channel in m
ds = diameter of incoming sewer
L= (1+0.30) x cot 60 deg+1.73 (1.0+0.30)
= 3.30 m length
Fine screen Length:-
L = (1.0+0.30) X Cot 45 deg +1.73 (1.30)
= 4.30 m length
The minimum requirement of sampling and testing is to be carried out daily.
This schedule shall also be maintained during the O&Mperiod.

Flow, pH, BOD, COD, Suspended solids/ MLSS, Dissolved oxygen, Alkalinity,

Total Nitrogen, Sulphate,Total Phosphate, and Residual Chlorine for raw

sewage and treated sewage on dailybasis.

Fecal coliform for treated sewage shall be tested on monthly basis.

i For liquids and sludge, the minimum pipe flow velocity shall be not less

Than 0.6 m/s and the maximum pipe flow velocity shall be not more than

1.5 m/s for pumped suction and not more than 2.5 m/s for pumped discharge

or gravity flow. All mixed liquor and sludge lines shall be minimum 100 mm
Diameter and shall be provided with appropriate cleanouts and flushing

arrangements for safe and easy flushing using high-pressure water.

i All liquid service pipes shall be provided with appropriate means for safe
and easy drainage of the pipes when not in service.
i All pipes shall be suitably labeled with the stream designation and
direction of flow to enable individual lines to be identified throughout their run.

i Particular attention shall be paid to the layout of the chemical piping,

which shall be arranged without clutter and shall be functional and neat in
appearance. Generally, where piping is installed in ducts, it shall be supported
not less than 150 mm clear of the floor.

i All piping routed under any type of structure or equipment shall be fully
and completely encased in reinforced cement concrete, with the encasement
thickness beyond the outer diameter of the pipe being at least 200 mm on all
sides. The encasement shall extend along the pipe length for a minimum
horizontal distance of 1500 mm in each direction beyond the footprint of the
overlying structure or equipment.

i All piping connecting to, entering, or exiting any and all structures shall
be provided with appropriate restrained flexible connections and/or joints at all
such interfaces with structures to allow for differential movement between pipe
and structure in all directions without stressing or breaking the pipes.

i Appropriate restrained flexible connections and/or joints shall be provided

for all pipes where they connect to any and all the following:

Equipment such as pumps, blowers, or inline devices

o Valves
o Wall, floor, or roof penetrations

i Platforms, handrails/guardrails, ladders, and stairs shall be provided

where necessary for proper, safe, and easy access to and/or operation of
valves, gates, instruments, control panels, and other devices, equipment, or
structures.