ST. MARY TECHNICAL INSTITUTE INC.

NATIONAL HIGHWAY , AQUINO, IBAJAY, AKLAN

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIALS

Qualification Title: DRIVING (LIGHT VEHICLE) NC II

Unit of Competency: DRIVE LIGHT VEHICLE

Module Title: DRIVING LIGHT VEHICLE

Sector: AUTOMOTIVE AND LAND TRANSPORT SECTOR

 HOW TO USE THIS MODULE

Welcome to the Module “Driving Light Vehicle”. This module

contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Drive Light Vehicle” contains the

knowledge, skills and attitudes required for a Driving NC II course.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order

to complete each learning outcomes of the module. In each learning outcome
there are Information Sheets and Task Sheets. Follow these activities on
your own and answer the Self- Check and Performance Checklist at the
end of each learning activity.

If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for

assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills
covered in this module because you have:

 Been working in the industry for some time.

 Already completed training in this area.

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a

particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally
recognized so you won’t have to do the same training again. If you have
qualifications or Certificate of Competency from the previous trainings, show
them to your trainer. If the skills you acquired are still relevant to this
module, they may become part of the evidence you can present RPL.

At the end of this learning material is a Trainee Record Book (TRB) is

given to you to record important dates, jobs undertaken and other
workplace events that will assist you in providing further details to your
trainer or assessors. A Record of Achievement/Progress Chart is also
provided to your trainer to complete/accomplish once you have completed
the module. This will show your own progress.

This learning material was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency, Drive Light Vehicle. This will be source of information for you
to acquire the knowledge and skills in this particular trade independently
and your own pace with minimum supervision or help from your trainer.

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 Remember to:

Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section.
Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do things.
You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work shift.
This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also your
confidence.
Use the Self-checks, Task Sheets or Job Sheets at the end of each
section to test your own progress.
After completing this module ask your trainer to assess your
competency. Result of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
profile. All the learning activities are designed for you to complete at your
own pace.

Inside this module you will find the activities for you to complete
followed by relevant information sheets for each learning outcome. Each
learning outcome may have more than one learning activity.

A certificate of achievement will be awarded to you after passing the

evaluation. You must pass the institutional competency evaluation for this
competency before moving to another competency.

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 SUMMARY OF COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
LIST OF CORE COMPETENCIES

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Carry Out Minor Carrying Out Minor ALT723348
Vehicle Maintenance Vehicle Maintenance
1.
and Servicing and Servicing
Drive Light Vehicle Driving Light Vehicle ALT832302
2.
Obey and Observe Obey and Observe ALT832303
Traffic Rules and Traffic Rules and
3.
Regulations Regulations
Implement and Implement and
Coordinate Accident- Coordinate Accident- ALT832304
4.
Emergency Procedures Emergency Procedures

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 Table of Contents

HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED

LEARNING MATERIALS---------------------------------------------------------------1
LIST OF COMPETENCIES------------------------------------------------------------3
TABLE OF CONTENTS-----------------------------------------------------------------5
MODULE CONTENT---------------------------------------------------------------------6
LEARNING OUTCOME #4-------------------------------------------------------------7
LEARNING EXPERIENCES-----------------------------------------------------------10
INFORMATION SHEET 2.4-1 Clean Rooms in Order-----------------------------15
SELF CHECK 2.4-1-----------------------------------------------------------------------14
ANSWER KEY 2.4-1---------------------------------------------------------------------15
TASK SHEET 24-1------------------------------------------------------------------------16
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.4-1-----------------------------------18
INFORMATION SHEET 2.4-2 Clean and Check Furniture, Fixture and
Fittings----------------------------------------------19
SELF CHECK 2.4-2-----------------------------------------------------------------------23
ANSWER KEY 2.4-2---------------------------------------------------------------------24
TASK SHEET 2.4-2-----------------------------------------------------------------------25
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.4-2-----------------------------------27
INFORMATION SHEET 2.4-3 Reset Items---------------------------------------------28
SELF CHECK 2.4-3-----------------------------------------------------------------------31
ANSWER KEY 2.4-3---------------------------------------------------------------------32
TASK SHEET 2.4-3-----------------------------------------------------------------------33
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.4-3-----------------------------------34
INFORMATION SHEET 2.4-4 Check, Replenish or Replace Room
Supplies--------------------------------------------------------------------35
SELF CHECK 2.4-4-----------------------------------------------------------------------37
ANSWER KEY 2.4-4---------------------------------------------------------------------38
INFORMATION SHEET 2.4-5 Check and Report Room Defects-----------39
SELF CHECK 2.4-5-----------------------------------------------------------------------42
ANSWER KEY 2.4-5---------------------------------------------------------------------43
TASK SHEET 2.4-5-----------------------------------------------------------------------44
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.4-5-----------------------------------45
INFORMATION SHEET 2.4-6 Collect and Store Guest Belongings--------39
SELF CHECK 2.4-6-----------------------------------------------------------------------42
ANSWER KEY 2.4-6---------------------------------------------------------------------43
TASK SHEET 2.4-6-----------------------------------------------------------------------44
PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.4-6-----------------------------------45

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 MODULE CONTENT

QUALIFICATION Driving NC II
UNIT OF
Drive Light Vehicle
COMPETENCY
MODULE TITLE Driving Light Vehicle
INTRODUCTION: This unit involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes
required to drive a light vehicle safely including handling of passengers,
systematic and efficient control of all vehicle functions, monitoring of traffic
and road conditions, management of vehicle condition, and performance and
effective management of hazardous situations
NOMINAL DURATION: 20 HRS
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1.1 Perform Light Vehicle Pre Starting Warm up
1.2 Drive Light Vehicle
1.3 Monitor and Maintain Vehicle Performance
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1.1 Performs vehicle inspection as per manufacturer’s specification
1.2 Checks Safety harness/devices and tools according to LTO/LTFRB
requirements
1.3 Performs warm up of light vehicle as per manufacturer’s manual
2.1 Drives light vehicle in accordance with traffic rules and regulations and
manufacturer’s instruction
2.2. Identifies driving hazards and/or anticipated and avoided or controlled
through defensive driving as per standard operating procedures
2.3 Parks the light vehicle, shut down and secured in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications, traffic regulations and workplace procedures
2.4 Transports passengers and loads are transported up to the route
assigned and fares are collected as per LTFRB regulations
2.5 Performs driving according to the restriction and condition stated in the
official receipt license and within the occupational health and safety
standards (OHS)
2.6 Secures out of line/anti car napping clearance permit as per traffic rules
and regulations
3.2 Monitors defective or irregular performance or malfunctions to the
appropriate instruction
3.3 Maintains/updated vehicle records in accordance with workplace
procedures
Prerequisite: None

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 LEARNING OUTCOME SUMMARY
LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Drive Light Vehicle
CONTENTS:
2.1Drive light vehicle
2.2Identify driving hazards
2.3Park light vehicle
2.4Transport passengers and loads
2.5Perform driving
2.6Secure permits
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Drives light vehicle in accordance with traffic rules and regulations
and manufacturer’s instruction.
2. Identifies driving hazards and/or anticipated and avoided or controlled
through defensive driving as per standard operating procedures.
3. Park the Light vehicle, shut down and secured in accordance with
manufacturer’s specifications, traffic regulations and workplace procedures.
4. Transport passengers and loads up to the route assigned and fares are
collected as per LTFRB regulations.
5. Performs driving according to the restriction and condition stated in the
official receipt license and within the occupational health and safety
standards (OHS).
6. Secures Out-of line/anti carnapping clearance permit as per traffic rules and
regulations.
CONDITION:
Trainees must be provided with the following:
1. Workplace location: Driving NC II Training laboratory
2. Equipment
 Vehicle
3. Tools, accessories and supplies
 flash light/emergency light, EWD
 OR/CR
 Driver’s license and other relevant permits
4. Training materials
 CBLM
 Ball pen
 White board marker
EVALUATION METHOD:
 Written
 Demonstration
 Interview

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 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME #2: Drive Light Vehicle

Learning Activities Special Instructions
1. Read Information sheet 2.2-1 If you have some concern on the content
Drive light vehicle of the information sheet don’t hesitate
to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheet,
you can now answer self-check 2.2-1
provided in the module.
2. Answer self-check 2.2-1 Refer your answers to the answer key
2.2-1 for self-check. You are required to
get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
If you have some problems on the
3. View the video presentation on
content
Drive light vehicle
of the video provided, don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the video given,
answer oral questions to be asked by
the trainer
4. Perform Job Sheet 2.2-1 Job sheet will help you practice your
Drive light vehicle skills. Perform the task sheet on Drive
light vehicle. After performing the task
sheets, evaluate your output.

Evaluate your own work using the

Performance Criteria. When you are
ready, present your work to your trainer
for final evaluation and recording.
5. Read Information sheet 2.2- If you have some concern on the content
2 Identifying driving hazards of the information sheet don’t hesitate
to approach your facilitator.
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 If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheet,
you can now answer self-check 2.2-2
provided in the module.
6. Answer self-check 2.2-2 Refer your answers to the answer key
2.2-2 for self-check. You are required to
get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
7. View the video presentation on If you have some problems on the
Identifying driving hazards content of the video provided, don’t
hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the video given,
answer oral questions to be asked by
the trainer
8. Perform Job Sheet 2.2-2 Job sheet will help you practice your
Identifying driving hazards skills. Perform the task sheet on
Identifying driving hazards. After
performing the task sheets, evaluate
your output.
Evaluate your own work using the
Performance Criteria. When you are
ready, present your work to your trainer
for final evaluation and recording.
9. Read Information sheet 2.2-3 If you have some concern on the
Parking of light vehicle content of the information sheet don’t
hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheet,
you can now answer self-check 2.2-3
provided in the module.
10. Answer self-check 2.2-3 Refer your answers to the answer key
2.2-3 for self-check. You are required to
get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
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11. View the video presentation If you have some problems on the
on Parking of light vehicle content of the video provided, don’t
hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the video given,
answer oral questions to be asked by
the trainer
12. Perform Task Sheet 2.2-3 Task sheet will help you practice your
Parking of light vehicle skills. Perform the task sheet on
Parking of light vehicle. After
performing the task sheets, evaluate
your output.
Evaluate your own work using the
Performance Criteria. When you are
ready, present your work to your trainer
for final evaluation and recording.
13. Read Information sheet 2.2-4 If you have some concern on the
Transporting passengers and content of the information sheet don’t
loads. hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheet,
you can now answer self-check 2.2-4
provided in the module.
14. Answer self-check 2.2-4 Refer your answers to the answer key
2.2-4 for self-check. You are required to
get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
15. Read Information sheet 2.2-5 If you have some concern on the
Driving Permit and Other content of the information sheet don’t
Relevant Documents hesitate to approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheet,
you can now answer self-check 2.2-5
provided in the module.
16. Answer self-check 2.2-5 Refer your answers to the answer key

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 2.2-5 for self-check. You are required to
get all answers correct. If not, read the
information sheet again to answer all
questions correctly.
Congratulations on a Job well done!!! You have now successfully
completed the LO2 of Core 2 of this qualification and is now ready for
LO3. Good luck and use what you have learned here well!!!

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 Information Sheet 2.2-1

Drive Light Vehicle

Leaning Objective:

The lesson deals on how to drive light vehicle. To provide the learner with
the relevant driving skills to recognize and avoid potential and actual driving
hazards and to observe traffic rules and regulations.

Introduction

This is the very first lesson that you need to put in place in order to learn
how to drive a manual transmission or a stick shift.

How to Drive Manual Light Vehicle

1. Adjust the seat so that your feet comfortably

reach both pedals. You can adjust your seat forward
and backward, as well as up and down. Some cars
will have electronic controls (usually on the left side
of the seat), while older cars will usually have a lever
underneath the seat that lets you control the position
of the seat. But you can usually tell the difference.
2. Adjust the seat position so you can access the
clutch pedal’s full range of motion. Slide forward
enough to allow you to press the clutch pedal (the
left pedal, next to the brake pedal) fully to the floor
with your left foot
3. Adjust your car's mirrors so that you can see through them clearly and
effectively. Your car should have three mirrors: one rear-view mirror,
which allows you to see directly the rear windshield behind you, and two
outside mirrors which let you see to either side of the car and protect you
from blind spots.

 Your rear-view mirror should be positioned

so that when you're in your normal driving
position, you can see directly behind you
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 and as much of the rear windshield as
possible.

4. Press the clutch pedal and hold it to the floor.

This would also be a good time to take note of how
the travel of the clutch pedal differs from that of the
brake and gas. It’s also a good opportunity to get
used to slowly and steadily releasing the clutch
pedal.
 If you’ve only ever driven automatic cars, it
might feel awkward to use your left foot to push a pedal. With practice
you’ll get used to using both feet in concert.
5. Move the gearstick into neutral. This is the middle
position that feels free when moved from side to side.
The vehicle is considered out of gear when:
 The gearstick is in the neutral position, and/or
 The clutch pedal is fully depressed
 Don’t try to use the gearstick without having
the clutch pedal depressed, because it simply won’t work.
6. Start the engine with the key in the ignition,
making sure the gear stick is still in neutral.
Make sure the handbrake is on before starting the
car, especially if you are a novice.
 Some cars will start up in neutral without the
clutch depressed, but some newer cars will not.
7. Remove your foot from the clutch pedal with the
car still in neutral. If you’re on level ground, you
should remain stationary; you’ll start rolling if
you’re on a hill. If you’re ready to move on to
actually driving, make sure to release the
handbrake (if it’s engaged) before you drive off.

8. Press the clutch to the floor and move the

gearstick into first gear. It should be the upper
left position, and there should be some kind of
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 visual layout of the gear pattern on top of the gearstick.
 Gear patterns can vary, so take some time beforehand to study your
car’s gear layout. You may want to practice shifting through the
various gears with the engine switched off (and the clutch engaged).

9. Slowly lift your foot up from the clutch pedal.

Continue until you hear the engine speed begin to
drop then push it back in. Repeat this several times
until you can instantly recognize the sound. This is
the friction point.
 When you’re shifting gears to start or keep
moving, this is the point at which you’ll want to have the accelerator
depressed enough to provide power.

10. Let up on the clutch while pushing down on the accelerator. In order to
get moving, lift your left foot up from the clutch pedal until the RPMs drop
slightly. At the same instant, apply light pressure to the accelerator with
your right foot. Balance the light downward pressure on the accelerator with
slowly releasing pressure on the clutch pedal. You will probably have to do
this several times to find the right combination of up and down pressure.
 Another way of doing it; is to release the clutch
until the point the engine revs down a little,
and then applying pressure on the accelerator
as the clutch engages. At this point the car will
start to move. It is best to have the engine rev
just enough to prevent stalling as the clutch
pedal is let up. This process may be a little
difficult at first because you are new to the
extra pedal in a manual car.
 Release the clutch fully (that is, slowly remove your foot from the
pedal) once you start moving forward under control in first gear.

11. Expect to stall at least a few times when

you’re first starting out. If you release the
clutch too quickly the engine will stall. If the
engine sounds like it is going to stall, hold the
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 clutch where it is or push down a bit further. If you do stall, depress the
clutch fully, apply the handbrake, put the car in neutral, switch the engine
off and restart the car as normal. Don’t panic.

12. Recognize when it’s time to shift up to a higher

gear. When your RPM reaches about 2500 to 3000
while the car is in motion, it is time to shift to the
next gear — for example, second gear if you are
currently in first. The actual RPMs at which shifting
is required will vary by the car you are driving,
however. Your engine will begin to race and speed
up, and you must learn to recognize this noise.
 Depress the clutch pedal until it disengages and guide the gearstick
straight down from first gear into the bottom-left position (which is
second gear in most configurations).
 Some cars have a “Shift Light” or indications on the tachometer that
will tell you when you need to shift, so you don’t rev the engine too
fast.

13. Push down on the accelerator very slightly and

slowly release the clutch pedal. Shifting gears in
motion is the same as shifting into first from a
stationary position. It’s all about listening, looking,
and feeling for the engine’s cues and getting the up-
and- down timing of your feet on the pedals correct.
Keep practicing and you’ll get the hang of it.
 Once in gear and on the accelerator, you should completely remove
your foot from the clutch pedal. Resting your foot on the clutch pedal
is a bad habit, as it applies pressure to the clutch mechanism – and
the increased pressure will cause the clutch to wear out prematurely.

14. Shift down into a lower gear as you slow

down. If you are going too slow for the
current gear you’re in, your car will shudder
as if it’s about to stall. To shift down gears
while in motion, follow the same process of
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 depressing the clutch and releasing the accelerator, shifting gears (say, from
third to second), and letting off the clutch while depressing the accelerator.

15. Come to a complete stop. To come to a stop in a

fully controlled manner, shift down gradually until
you reach first gear. when it’s time to come to a
complete stop, move your right foot from the
accelerator to the brake pedal and press down as
much as is required. As you slow to about 10mph
(16km/h), the car will be on the verge of shaking and vibrating. Press the
clutch pedal fully down and move the gearstick into neutral to prevent
stalling the car. Use the brake pedal to stop completely.
 You can also stop while in any gear by depressing the clutch fully and
using the brake while shifting into neutral. This should only be done
when you need to stop quickly, though as it puts you in less control of
the vehicle.
16. Stop completely before changing from forward
to reverse (and vice versa). Making a complete
stop when changing directions is an easy way to
reduce your likelihood of causing extensive
damage to your gearbox.
 It is strongly recommended to stop completely
before going from reverse to first gear. However,
it is possible on most manual transmissions to
shift into first or possibly second when the car is moving backwards at a
slow speed, but it is not recommended as this can cause excessive wear
on the clutch.
 In some cars, reverse gear has a lock out mechanism to prevent you for
engaging it accidentally. Before using the reverse gear, make sure you
know about this locking mechanism and how to disengage it before
selecting reverse.
TIPS
 If you are having difficulty starting the car from a stop, make sure that
you are slowly letting off the clutch. Pause at the friction point (the part
where the engine starts to move the car) and continue slowly pulling the
clutch out.

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 Learn to recognize the sounds of your engine; you should eventually be
able to tell when to change gears without relying on the rev counter.
 Practice until you can change gears without looking at the gearstick.
That way you can keep your eyes on the road and focus on what is
ahead of you. Initially, you feel inclined to look at the gearstick, but you
will need to resist the temptations.
 If your car seems like it is going to stall, or the engine is sputtering, then
push in the clutch again, wait for the engine to return to idle, and repeat
the steps to starting off.
 If you are having trouble mastering clutch control, press down on
the clutch, engage first gear (with the handbrake engaged), slowly
release the clutch and apply the accelerator. You will feel the car
moving a bit, then let down the handbrake and the car will move
freely.
 When you want to go over a bump, you hold down your clutch and
press your brake slightly to slow down and later release the clutch
gradually and apply the accelerator gradually to move.
 If there are no gear positions marked on the gear stick, make sure
to ask someone who is familiar with the vehicle how the gears are
arranged. The last thing you want is back into something (or
someone) when you think you’ve shifted into first gear.
 These other descriptions mean the same thing as “manual
transmission” –“stick shift”, “standard”, “manual” or simply “stick”.
 Cars with a manual gearbox are better for highway than urban
driving because of the extra attention needed for shifting gears in a
city environment. A car with an automatic gearbox is usually a
better choice for the urban driver, but every driver has their own
personal preference. Some like a manual because they feel more in
control, and some like it because of the better fuel economy
(although Continuously Variable Transmission [CVT], a type of
automatic transmission, has better fuel economy than manual
transmission). Others prefer automatics for their simplicity, as
many motorists say all they have to do is concentrate on their road
positioning, and that their knees don’t get sore waiting in traffic.
 During sub-freezing temperatures, it is not advisable to leave a car
for a long time with the handbrake engaged. Moisture will freeze
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 and the handbrake might not disengage.
 Resting your foot on the clutch or brake pedal is a bad, costly habit.
It results in premature wear, loss of power and lowers fuel
economy. Your foot should only be on the clutch pedal and FULLY
depressed when you with to change gears or if you need to quickly
remove power from the drive wheels (i.e. when in a skid on slippery
surfaces such as gravel, ice, etc.). The clutch pedal should only be
gradually released when starting out from a stop.
 Never “balance” foot pressure on both the accelerator pedal and
clutch pedal at the same time in order to keep the vehicle from
rolling backward when stopped on an incline. Instead, fully depress
the clutch pedal and apply sufficient pressure on the brake pedal to
hold the vehicle in place. Shift into 1 st gear to be ready to start from
a stop on an incline, as described in the steps above.
 If you are having difficulty finding the biting point of the clutch
when moving off. Depress the accelerator first then slowly
release the clutch to biting point. The car will move without you
aiming for perfect clutch position. Add more gas when going
uphill.

BASIC DRIVING PRINCIPLES

Stay in your Defensive Zone

Anticipate the actions of other road users
Follow at a safe distance
Expect the unexpected S.A.F.E.T.Y.
Take nothing for granted
Your life may depend on it.

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 SELF-CHECK 2.2-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number
1. Adjust the seat so that your feet comfortably reach .
a. Both Pedals b. Hand break c. Adjuster d. Ignition switch
2. Adjust your car's _ so that you can see through them clearly and
effectively.
a. seat b. steering wheel c. hand break d. mirrors
3. This is the middle position that feels free when moved from side to side.
a. First gear b. second gear c. reverse d. neutral
4. A ____ reduces the likelihood of death or serious injury in a traffic collision
by reducing the force of secondary impacts with interior strike hazards.
a. seat belt b. EWD c. steering wheel d. hand break
5. before changing from forward to reverse (and vice versa).
a Stop completely b. Slow down c. turn signals d. none of the
above
6. If you are going too slow for the current gear you’re in, your car will shudder
as if it’s about to stall. What would you do?
a. Accelerate c. Turn off the engine
b. Shift down into a lower gear as you slow down d. shifts up the
higher gear

7. An early warning device is a reflectorized material that comes in a triangular

shape.
a. EWD b. seat belt c. steering wheel d. hand break
8. Responsible for promulgating, administering, enforcing, and
monitoring compliance of policies, laws, and regulations of public land
transportation services
a. LTO b. LTFRB c. MMDA d. Auxiliary police

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 ANSWER KEY 2.2-1

1. A
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. B

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 JOB SHEET 2.2-1

Title: Drive light vehicle

Performance Objective:
Given the necessary tool, materials, and equipment you need to Drive
light vehicle in 30 mins. using the standard procedure.
Supplies/Materials : CAR
Tools/Equipment
CAR, Fuel, Oil, Vehicle, Brake Fluids, Jack/Axle, Cross Wrench, Rags
Steps/Procedure
1. Prepare the car
2. Set your chair according to your comfort
3. Fasten your seat belt
4. Turn on the engine
5. Set your side mirror according to your eye vision.
6. Check the shifting gear if in neutral position
7. Step on the clutch
8. Switch on the engine
9. Step on the clutch
10. Engage to first gear
11. Release the clutch slowly
12. Drive slowly
13. Step on the clutch
14. Shift to second gear
15. Step on the clutch
16. Shift to third gear
17. Step on the clutch
18. Shift to fourth gear
19. Step on the brake
20. Step on the clutch
21. Park the car
22. Shift to neutral
23. Turn off the engine
Assessment Method:
Direct Observation, Performance Criteria Checklist

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 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-1

Performance Criteria
YES NO
Did you…
1. Prepare the car /
2. Set your chair according to your comfort /
3. Fasten your seat belt /
4. Turn on the engine /
5. Set your side mirror according to your eye vision. /
6. Check the shifting gear if in neutral position /
7. Step on the clutch /
8. Switch on the engine /
9. Step on the clutch /
10. Engage to first gear /
11. Release the clutch slowly /
12. Drive slowly /
13. Step on the clutch /
14. Shift to second gear /
15. Step on the clutch /
16. Shift to third gear /
17. Step on the clutch /
18. Shift to forth gear /
19. Step on the brake /
20. Step on the clutch /
21. Park the car /
22. Shift to neutral position /
23. Turn off the engine /

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 Information Sheet 2.2-2

Identifying Driving Hazards

Learning Objective

The lesson deals with identifying driving hazards and/or anticipated

and avoided or controlled through defensive driving as per standard
operating procedures.

Introduction
Spotting a hazard in time to take suitable evasive action and avoid a
crash is an essential part of safe driving. It's important to learn how to
recognise and avoid hazards while driving to improve road safety for yourself
and other road users. A hazard can be any possible source of danger on or
near the road that could lead to a crash, and it can come from any direction.
Nowadays, many qualified drivers consider driving as an easy task and
seem to have no worries about it. But, the fact is that there are numerous road
hazards in driving and they are still growing.

1. Hydroplaning or Skidding Out of Control. Skidding

or sliding of cars occurs when there is a lack of
friction between tire and road. This usually occurs
when driving in wet or icy conditions, stopping
suddenly or entering a turn at a high speed.
Preventive Measures: You need to adjust your driving in adverse
conditions. You need to slow down if the road conditions are anything less
than ideal. You should never try to jerk the wheel, as this may cause you to
quickly lose control of the vehicle. In addition, you need to maintain your
tires properly. This will reduce the chances of hydroplaning.
2. Reckless and uncooperative drivers. It happens
when a driver coming from the opposite direction
runs a red light and fails to see you and his car
accidentally hits your front fender, sending plastic,
metal, and glass into the air.

Preventive Measures: You need to drive defensively

by staying fully alert on the road. You should not eat, apply makeup, or
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 use a cellphone while driving, and never get behind the wheel if you are
sleep-deprived or have been drinking. Never drive too closely to another
vehicle. You need to keep a safe following distance while driving.
Use the three-second rule to measure the safe following distance. When
the car ahead of you passes a fixed object such as a sigh, fence, corner or
overpass, you need to start counting seconds and at least three seconds
need to pass before your car passes the same object. You need to brake
firmly before you collide, in the case of an unavoidable crash
3. Fog clouds your view. These road hazards occur
when the fog completely blocks your vision and
makes it difficult to see even the traffic light.
Preventive Measures: Avoid driving in foggy
conditions. You must reduce the speed of your car if
you encounter unexpected fog.
You should open your windows to know the traffic. Always be patient and
never switch lanes if you don’t have to.
You should never stop on a busy road in a dense
fog. This will put you at risk of being hit.
4. Bicyclists: It is most common for a cyclist to get
hit by a vehicle.
Preventive Measures: You need to give
bicyclists plenty of room and keep an eye out for
them. In fact, some bicyclists tend to drive too
closely to cars. Therefore, you need to keep a safe distance form bicyclists on
the road.
5. Stray Animals. These road hazards occur when
you accidentally hit a stray animal while driving
your car. Swerving can confuse the animal as to
which way to run and may result in a worse
collision with a tree or an oncoming vehicle.
Preventive Measure: In this case, you must
weigh your potential loss of life against theirs.
You need to be extra careful when trying to
avoid them. Never put your life or vehicle in danger. When you are about to
hit a small animal, you need to brake rather than swerving to avoid it as
swerving can lead to a worse collision with a tree or an oncoming vehicle.
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 Date Developed: Document No.
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6. Pedestrians. Pedestrians are greatly
vulnerable to being hit by vehicles and
bicycles. A person who jaywalks or
recklessly cross a street creates a hazard for
themselves and drivers.
Safety tips for pedestrians:
 When walking at night, you need to wear
reflective clothing. It alerts the drivers that you are on the side of the road.
 You need to walk with a flashlight. This alerts vehicles and cyclists that
you are on the sidewalk. However, you need to keep your flashlight pointed
towards the ground.
 You need to walk on the sidewalks.
 When you are walking with your dogs or any other pets, try to keep them on
a short leash. You must also ensure that they cannot slip their heads out of
their collars or escape their harnesses. You need to walk in between the
road and your pet.
 You need to cross only when the walking signal is displayed.
 Pedestrians should avoid using mobile phones while crossing the road.
 Drivers should be aware of their surroundings. They must focus on driving
safely in a pedestrian dense area such as a shopping center.

7. Work Zone Hazards. Road construction zones

are a deadly road hazards for workers,
motorists, and pedestrians.

Preventive Measure: When you come across a

construction zone, you need to slow down and
drive carefully. You must be prepared to
safely change lanes and watch out for road
workers.

8. Potholes. Potholes can he highly dangerous

when some drivers try to swerve around a
pothole and get into accidents.

Preventive Measures: If you see a pothole

on the road, keep a firm grip on your
steering wheel. You need to slow down and if

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 you feel it is safe, try to drive around the pothole.
9. When Children are Nearby Walking or Playing
Children lack the capacity to assess the
situations or circumstances shrewdly. They do
not know how dangerous moving vehicles are
and can suddenly run to chase a ball across the
street, or simply to go home.

Preventive Measure: Whenever you see children

around while driving, try to reduce the speed of
the vehicle and prepare to stop.

10. Blinded by Glare. It is when the glare from

the headlights of a car coming from the opposite
direction with high beams falls directly on your
eyes. This can lead to blurriness and this
temporary blindness often leads to accidents.
Preventive Measures:
You need to check your eyesight on a regular
basis and if you wear spectacles or contact
lenses, then keep them up to date. Older people should avoid night driving
and if it’s necessary, then they need to drive slowly. Always choose to drive
on the slow lane on multilane highways. You should drive slowly and adjust
your speed to the reach of your headlights.

Looking down toward the right side of the road helps you from being
blinded by the high beams that directly fall into your eyes. You should
also concentrate on the edge of the lane or the painted edge line until the
vehicle passes.

11. Motorcycles. Motorcyclists have exactly the same rights as any other
vehicle. As they are sometimes difficult to see and especially vulnerable in a
collision, keep an eye out for motorcyclists, especially when passing other
vehicles. The blind spots on a tractor-trailer truck are similar to the blind
spots for a car when a motorcycle approaches unexpectedly. NHTSA reports
that in 1998, 41 percent of motorcyclists involved in fatal crashes were
speeding, about twice the percentage for drivers of passenger cars and light
trucks.

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 Date Developed: Document No.
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12. Heavy Traffic Volume. The term traffic
volume study can be termed as traffic flow
survey or simply the traffic survey. It is defined
as the procedure to determine mainly volume of
traffic moving on the roads at a particular
section during a particular time.

13. Heavy Rains and Typhoons.

Lights, we use them every night for
visibility in the dark. Well, do you know
that you can also turn your lights on
when it's raining? This is because the
light ray increases visibility despite the
distortion on the windshield due to the
splashes of raindrops.
Keep in mind not to use your high
beams, as doing so may blind other
drivers. Another thing is don’t use
your hazard signal lights. Having
your hazard lights on may hint other drivers that you are stalled, which
could result to an accident if they try to overtake you. In addition, switched-
on hazard lights negate the function of turn signals. These safety
components are our first line of defense from any kind of accident.
Not using them correctly often results to catastrophes that can take the lives
of people, both the innocent and those involved. If you are one of the people
who missed 1 or 2 items on the list, it would be great to stop the old habit
and start practicing to be a more responsible motorist.

CONCLUSION

A driver should be careful while driving to avoid serious road hazards

that may occur at any time. Driving is not an easy job, it should be done with
focus. So next time when you start your vehicle be careful and move safe.

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 SELF-CHECK 2.2-2
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the letter of the correct answer on the space
provided before the number.

1. A can be any possible source of danger on or near the road that could
lead to a crash, and it can come from any direction.
a. hazard b. risk c. drunk driver d. none of the above
2. In driving heavy rains, you should turn-on your?
a. Hazard light b. signal light c. head light d. all of the above
3. Looking down toward the _ helps you from being blinded by the high
beams that directly fall into your eyes.
a. right side of the road b. street c. straight d. closes your eyes
4. In driving heavy rains, you should not turn-on your?
a. Hazard light b. signal light c. head light d. all of the above
5. Whenever you see children around while driving, try to reduce the speed of
the vehicle and prepare to.
a. Stop b. Speed up c. maneuver d. Hazard
6. zones are a deadly road hazards for workers, motorists, and
pedestrians?
a. Stop light b. driving c. school d. Road construction

7. or sliding of cars occurs when there is a lack of friction between

tire and road.
a. Skidding b. Swerving c. skipping d. all of the above
8. You must reduce the _ of your car if you encounter unexpected fog?

a. lights b. speed c. heater d. none of the

above

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 ANSWER KEY 2.2-2

1. A
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. B

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 Information Sheet 2.2-3

Parking Light Vehicle

Learning Objective:

Parking a car can be an uphill task, especially for beginners. It could be

that the parking spaces are not large or the lot has less space. There are three
different types of parking spaces found in parking lots: Parallel, angled, and
perpendicular.

Introduction

With the growing amount of vehicles on our roads, parking is becoming a

much more demanding task. But every problem can be solved if we have a
good guideline and spend our time for it. Same goes with parking.

4 Easy Steps to Park a Car

1. Take the Right Position
Always approach a perpendicular lot at a reasonable distance from other
vehicles in the parking lot. Depending on the parking lot, the space to park
might be either right or left.
Ensure your car is at least 8 feet far from other vehicles in the parking
lot on the driver’s or passenger’s side. Make sure you have an 8-foot
distance from your car to the spaces when there are no cars near you. While
doing this, ensure not to take another person’s parking position.
2. Make Sure the Signal is On
Turning on the signal, let alerts other drivers of your intention to park in
a free spot — lookout for pedestrians, cars, or any other obstacles. Until the
front bumper of your vehicle passes the rear light of the other automobile
close to the parking spot, you have to keep driving forward.
3. Steer Your Wheel
Drive forward and pull into space, but ensure they aren’t any objects,
debris, or shopping carts on the way. Keep moving until the back of your car
is in the space, and the front is facing the area.
To do this, adjust your side mirror to be in line with those in the car beside
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 yours. Ensure your front bumper is not in the front space, and the backside
of your vehicle is not coming out of the parking space.

4. Align Your Wheels

Straighten the wheels once your car is in the parking space. You can
also do this when leaving your space before you start reversing the vehicle.

Step by Step Guide: How to Park a Car Perfectly

How to park a car perfectly?” is always a question that most of new

drivers want to know. To overcome this difficulty, in this article auto experts
will show you some useful tips for parking and 3 types of parking. So let’s go!
There are 3 different types of parking: Angle Parking, Perpendicular
Parking and Parallel Parking.

a. Angle Parking Knowing about how to park a

car by angle parking way is the thing that
every driver has to know, particularly when
they drive in high-traffic areas such as high
traffic areas or parking garages or on one-way
streets. Learning to park at an angle is not
easier but it is not impossible for newbies.
Here are 5 steps to do:
a. Find Your Parking Spot
The perfect parking spot for new car owners must be clear and no
vehicles surrounding. If there are no cars around, drivers will not be
distracted while parking.

b. Analyze Your Car Position

To be able for drivers to park your vehicle in the right spot while
maintaining the distance with other cars, analyzing the position is
necessary.
A simple trick to remember for drivers while parking is the distance.
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Car owners should keep about 1.5 m – 2 m from other cars. If there are no
cars next to your parking lot, remember to keep the same distance
calculating from the last point of the line in the spot.

c. Turn on Light Signal

The center point of the parking lot is the
place you might want to parking. Also, it is
important to notice if there are any other drivers
waiting to park in that spot or stopping right
behind you. After that, turn on the light signal.

d. Turn the Wheel

When you reach to the suitable point, turn the steering wheel
half its rotation and slowly drive your car until it reaches the final
line in the spot.

e. Adjust the Wheel

The wheels should be adjusted to be parallel with the car
body in order to drive out the parking lot easily.

b. Perpendicular Parking Perpendicular Parking is not so hard as

many people often think. If you don’t know how to use
perpendicular parking to park your car, let’s see 5 steps below:
1. Analyze Your Position
In this type of parking, drivers need to make sure the distance
between their car and others is at least 2.5 m. This situation is
also changed depending on the position of the parking space, but
it is essential to keep the right distance and not overtake other
driver’s parking space.

2. Turn on the Light Signal

Drivers must make sure if there are any cyclists, walkers or
objectives on your way in order to avoid risk while parking. After
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 that, you should drive forward until your car’s head is parallel with
the rear combination lamp of the car besides. Before the turn,
remember to signal other drivers.
After that, drivers begin to turn the wheel to move the car into
its parking position.

3. Drive Your Car Into Position

Car owner should check adjust the mirrors to calculate the
distance with other cars and make sure the car is inside the
parking lot completely.

4. Adjust The Wheel

If you do not want to adjust the wheel right away, you can do
it when driving out, but it is easy to forget which leads to
unintentional impact or difficulty while driving backward.

c. Parallel Parking With some drivers, parallel parking can be a

nightmare for them, but you will master this type of parking in no
time with a bit of practice. Here are 5 steps to help you know how
to park a car by using this method:
1. Find Your Parking Spot
There are many areas require parallel
parking, which is marked by white line.
The parking spot should be longer than
the car length for about 1 m to 2m. The
longer the parking lot, the easier for
driving to park. If there are cars behind,
drivers must signal them to move
backward or drive to the other side.

2. Adjust Your Car Position

1 meter is a right distance to keep away from other cars in
order to freely moving and parking without the thought of
damaging them.
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 3. Move the Head
In order to drive in, car owners must drive backward until the
head of the vehicle is about 1 m to 1.5 m with the in front car.
In this step, checking the surrounding regularly to avoid
incoming objectives is essential. After that, drivers can release the
brake, then turn the wheel all the way to the right to slowly drive
back in the parking slot.
The 1 m distance should be maintained and if the wheel
touches the sidewalk, you can gas on to move your car forward.

4. Move the Rest

In order to do so, turn steering wheel to the left then drive

your car backward. It is wisely to drive slowly in order to adjust
the position easier. Rear view camera will also make your parking
more comfortable.
After this step, the whole body of the car is inside the parking
lots.

5. Adjust the Position

Drivers can turn the wheel to the right and slowly drive
forward. The car is now parallel with the sidewalk and other cars
so it is easy to adjust the vehicle. The position of your car and the
sidewalk should be about 30 cm when the car stops parking.

CONCLUSION
There are many different situations on the parking lots for drivers to
know. And a few simple guideline for when to turn and what to remember
when parking are all you need to perfect your parking skills.

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 SELF-CHECK 2.2-3

1. A can be any possible source of danger on or near the road

that could lead to a crash, and it can come from any direction.
a. hazard b. risk c. drunk driver d. none of the above
2. In driving heavy rains, you should turn-on your?
a. Hazard light b. signal light c. head light d. all of the above
3. Looking down toward the _ helps you from being blinded by
the high beams that directly fall into your eyes.
a. right side of the road b. street c. straight d. closes your eyes
4. In driving heavy rains, you should not turn-on your?
a. Hazard light b. signal light c. head light d. all of the above
5. Whenever you see children around while driving, try to reduce the
speed of the vehicle and prepare to.
a. Stop b. Speed up c. maneuver d. Hazard
6. zones are a deadly road hazards for workers, motorists, and
pedestrians?
a. stop light b. driving c. school d. road construction

7. or sliding of cars occurs when there is a lack of

friction between tire and road.
a. Skidding b. Swerving c. skipping d. all of the above
8. You must reduce the _ of your car if you encounter unexpected fog?

a. lights b. speed c. heater d. none of the

above
9. The blind spots on a tractor-trailer truck are similar to the blind spots
for a car when a __ _ approaches unexpectedly.
a. motorcycle b. pedestrian lane c. stop light d. all of the above
10. can be highly dangerous when some drivers try to
swerve around a pothole and get into accidents:
a. motorcycle speed up c. Potholes d. Swerving
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 Date Developed: Document No.
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 ANSWER KEY 2.1-3

1. A

2. C
3. A

4. A
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. C

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 TASK SHEET 2.2-3
Title: PARK LIGHT VEHICLE

Performance Objective:
Given the necessary tool, materials, and equipment you need to
park light vehicle.
Supplies/Materials :
 Air Compressor
 Pencil/Ballpen
 Eraser/Correction Tape
 Paper
Tools/Equipment
1. Car

Steps/Procedure
1. Gather necessary tools, materials and equipment
2. Park the vehicle in perpendicular parking
3. Park the vehicle in parallel parking
Assessment Method:
Direct Observation, Performance Criteria Checklist

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 Performance Criteria Checklist 2.2-3

Performance Criteria
YES NO
Did I?
1. Gather necessary tools, materials and equipment /

2. Park the vehicle in Perpendicular Parking

/

3. Park the vehicle in Parallel Parking /

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 Information Sheet 2.2-4

Transporting Passengers and Loads

Learning Objective:

To know how to transport passengers

and loads safely and understand carrying
passengers and loads.

Introduction

To know and understand the responsibilities that you have to any

passengers and how to safely carry any loads.

CARRYING PASSENGERS

As the driver it is your responsibility to ensure that any passenger under

14 years old is wearing a seat belt or approved child restraint. All passengers
aged above 14 must wear a seatbelt if they are fitted to the car. Each
passenger must have a seat and seatbelt each and you must not carry more
passengers than your car has seats.

Children must not sit on the laps of or share seatbelts with other
passengers.
If you have children as passengers, then child safety door locks must be used
if they are fitted.

Rear facing child seats must not be used in a seat protected by an

airbag. This would normally apply to the front passenger seat. If you open the
passenger door there is normally an on/off to the side on the door.

Always ensure all doors are securely closed before starting your car. This
can usually be checked by looking for:

 Warning light on the dashboard

 The interior light staying on after the engine is started
 The sides of the car in the side mirrors not being smooth

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 Date Developed: Document No.
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CARRYING LOADS

As the driver it is your responsibility to ensure

your car is not overloaded. Never exceed the weight
limit for your car. This can be dangerous and your
car will use more fuel.

Any load you are carrying:

 Must be fastened securely
 Must not obstruct your view
 Must not stick out dangerously from your car

If you regularly carry loads, consider purchasing a specially designed

roof box. This will save on fuel costs and hold extra loads securely.
Cycle racks are available to carry bicycles on your car. These will hold
bicycles securely. If a cycle rack is mounted to the rear of your car always
ensure that the number plates and car lights are clearly visible.

CARRYING LOADS INSIDE THE CAR

Any objects inside your car must be

secured safely. It is preferable to put any
packages in the boot of your car rather than in
the main car.
If items need to be carried inside the car
always make sure they will not move if you have
to brake or turn suddenly.

Always ensure:
 Any large or heavy object is strapped down with the seat belt
 Any object inside the car is not obstructing your vision
 Never place any item in the driver’s foot well and ensure any items
lose on the cars floor cannot roll around the vehicle
 Any large weights are distributed evenly
 Allow for a larger stopping distance if carrying lots of weight
When carrying pets or animals in your car always make sure they are
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secured safely.
Dogs should be strapped in with a special harness or travel behind a
grille. This is to prevent them moving around the car and stop them hurting
themselves or others in the car if you need to brake suddenly.

Other animals should be carried in cages or special carry boxes and

secure with the seatbelt. Never have any unsecured animals inside a moving
car.
TRAILERS

Once you have passed your driving test, you

can tow a small trailer (under 750kg maximum)
without having to take an additional test.

Always make sure any trailer is loaded

correctly and does not exceed the maximum weight
allowed.

If a trailer begins to swerve as you are towing it ease off the accelerator
and reduce speed gently. This can often be avoided by distributing weight
evenly before setting off.

RECAP:
Always make sure any passengers are wearing their seatbelts before you
begin any journey. (Remember that as the driver you are legally responsible for
any passengers under the age of 14.)

Make sure any items in your car are secure and loaded evenly. If
possible, carry items securely in the boot or consider a roof box.

Make sure any pets are securely strapped in or are in appropriate

carriers or behind a grill. Never overload your car with items or passengers.

You should know how to:

 Carry passengers and the seat belt rules
 Carry loads inside and outside of your car

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  Deal with trailers
SELF CHECK 2.2-4

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is

TRUE and F if OTHERWISE. Write your answer in the space provided before
each number.

_1. Always make sure any passengers are wearing their seatbelts
before you begin any journey.
_2. Make sure any pets are not securely strapped in or are not in
appropriate carriers or behind a grill.
_3. As the driver you are legally responsible for any passengers under
the age of 14.
_4. Any objects inside your car must be secured safely.
_5. As the driver it not is your responsibility to ensure your car is
overloaded.
_6. Never exceed the weight limit for your car. This can be dangerous
and your car will use more fuel.
_7. As the passenger it is their responsibility to ensure that any
passenger under 14 years old is wearing a seat belt or approved child
restraint.
_8. Always ensure all doors are securely closed before starting your
car.

_9. Never place any item in the driver’s foot well and ensure any items
lose on the cars floor cannot roll around the vehicle.

_10. Rear facing child seats must not be used in a seat protected by
an airbag.

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 ANSWER KEY 2.2-4

1. T
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. T
9. T
10. T

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 Information Sheet 2.2-5

Driving Permit and Other Relevant Documents

Learning Objective:
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on identifying,
requesting, and receiving driving permit and other relevant documents based
on the required performance standards.

Introduction
If you're a new driver, you’re probably feeling an indescribable mix of
excitement and anxiety to take your car for a spin for the first time. But before
you can drive, you’ll need a driver's license.
Your license is proof that you're authorized to drive a car. Driving
without a valid license is illegal in the Philippines. You will be fined ₱3,000 for
tat violation.
The driver's license application process in the Philippines can be quite
confusing for first-timers. Check out this guide on how to get a driver's license
so that you know what to expect and what to do when you apply for one.

RA No. 10930

AN ACT RATIONALIZING AND STRENGTHENING THE POLICY REGARDING

DRIVER'S LICENSE BY EXTENDING THE VALIDITY PERIOD OF DRIVERS'
LICENSES, AND PENALIZING ACTS IN VIOLATION OF ITS ISSUANCE AND
APPLICATION AMENDING FOR THOSE PURPOSES SECTION 23 OF
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 4136, AS AMENDED BY BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 398
AND EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 1011, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE LAND
TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC CODE

Section 19 – Duty to Have a License

“The license shall be carried at al times when operating a motor vehicle
and shall be shown and/or surrendered for cause and upon demand to any
person with authority under this Act to confiscate the same.”

 Section 20 – License for Enlisted Men Operating Government

Vehicle
 Section 21 – Operation of Motor Vehicle by Tourists
 Section 26 – Renewal of License

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 Section 27 – Authority to Suspend, Revoke and Reinstate Driver’s
License
 Section 29: Confiscation of Driver’s License

WHAT IS A DRIVER’S LICENSE?

A driver's license is an official, government-issued document that

authorizes the cardholder to drive a motor vehicle in the Philippines. This
identification card also functions as a valid ID for various transactions in
the government and private sectors.

The Land Transportation Office (LTO), a frontline government agency

under the Department of Transportation (DOTr), issues driver's licenses in
the Philippines. The agency is responsible for driver licensing and motor
vehicle registrations in the country.

A new driver’s license is valid for five years. On the other hand,
student permits are only valid for one year.

TYPES OF DRIVER’S LICENSE IN THE PHILIPPINES

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 The LTO has four classifications of driver licensing: student permit,
non-professional driver’s license, professional driver’s license and
conductor’s license.

Student Permit
A student permit is a prerequisite for both professional and non-
professional driver's licenses. Also called student driver's permit, this LTO-
issued document is a basic license authorizing a person to drive a vehicle
accompanied by a licensed driver (whether with a professional or non-pro
license).
Who Can Apply for a Student Permit?
 Filipinos at least 16 years old
 Foreigners at least 18 years years old who have stayed in the
Philippines for at least one month and have proof of residence for up to
six months
 People whose license has been expired for 10 years or more and have no
traffic violations
 Must be physically and mentally fit to drive vehicles
 Individuals who completed the theoretical driving course

Non-Professional Driver's License

A non-professional or non-pro driver’s
license allows you to drive private vehicles only.
You may apply for a non-pro driver's license one
month to one year after the issue date of your
student permit.
In April 2022, the DOTr unveiled a new
design for the driver’s license with a pearl white
color, which looks different from the old bluish
card. The redesigned driver's license still keeps
the license’s security features, ensuring its
legitimacy.

Who Can Apply for a Non-Pro Driver's License?

 Filipinos at least 17 years old
 Foreigners are at least 18 years old
 Holders of a valid student permit for at least one month from issuance
 Must be physically and mentally fit to operate a vehicle

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  Must have attended and passed the Practical Driving Course (PDC) from
an LTO-accredited driving school, LTO DEC, or LTO-accredited TESDA
training center
 Must have passed the LTO examinations
 Must not have unsettled traffic violations

Professional Driver's License

As the name implies, a professional driver’s license allows you to drive a
vehicle for a living. Apply for a professional license if you plan to drive any
public utility vehicle (PUV) such as a taxi, transport network vehicle service
(TNVS), jeepney, tricycle, bus, etc.

Who Can Apply for a Professional Driver's License?

 Filipinos at least 17 years old
 Foreigners at least 18 years old
 Must be a non-pro license holder for at least six months
 Must have no unsettled traffic violations
 Must be physically and mentally fit to operate a vehicle
 Must have completed a minimum of eight-hour practical driving
lessons from any LTO or TESDA-accredited driving school

Conductor’s License
A conductor’s license is a type of license or permit released to bus
conductors only. This is issued by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) under
the mandate of the Land Transportation and Traffic Code.
Under the law, all bus or transport conductors muse secure the license from
the Bureau to verify that they are qualified to assist the driver in fare
collection, checking and issuing tickets, and in ensuring the safety of the
passengers and cargo before they can be employed by any public service
operator. The law also explicitly states that it is the conductors who are liable
for any form of violation regarding overloading of passengers or freight or cargo
beyond its registered carrying capacity.
Some of the other responsibilities that licensed transport conductors are
expected to carry out include:
 Collecting and issuing tickets, passes or fares
 Checking the validity of issued tickets
 Attending to the passengers providing assistance regarding
boarding, seating and luggage particularly to the elderly, sick,
disabled or injured passenger
 Opening and closing doors for passengers
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 Performing safety checks prior to departure
 Signaling to drivers to stop or proceed when passengers disembark
 Greeting passengers, checking boarding transportation equipment,
and announcing routes and stops ensuring that safety regulations
are observed
 Responding to passengers requests and complaints
 Taking charge of appropriate actions in cases of emergencies or

accidents

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 SELF CHECK 2.2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE: Read each statement carefully. Write T if the statement is

TRUE and F if OTHERWISE. Write your answer in the space provided before
each number.

1. Having a license is a right

2. A Non-Professional Driver’s License allows you to drive a motor
vehicle for a fee.
3. Section 21 of RA10930 is about Renewal of License
4. Conductors of passenger jeeps are required by law to secure a
Conductor’s License
5. The minimum age to acquire student permit is 17 years old
6. A Conductor’s License is only given to conductors of passenger
buses.
7. A Professional Driver’s License entitle you to drive a motor vehicle
for a fee
8. The minimum age to acquire non-professional license is 17 years
old

9. Section 21 of RA10930 Operation of Motor Vehicles by Tourist

10. Having a license is a privilege

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 ANSWER KEY 2.2-5

1. F
2. F
3. F
4. F
5. F
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. T
10. T

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