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GENN004 Lect9 VectorizedCode

The document discusses operations on vectors and matrices in MATLAB. It covers scalar, element-wise, and array operations for vectors and matrices. Functions can accept vectors and matrices as arguments and perform element-wise operations. Logical vectors are also discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate vectorization of for loops to perform operations on entire arrays without explicit loops.

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Mahmoud shendy
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26 views

GENN004 Lect9 VectorizedCode

The document discusses operations on vectors and matrices in MATLAB. It covers scalar, element-wise, and array operations for vectors and matrices. Functions can accept vectors and matrices as arguments and perform element-wise operations. Logical vectors are also discussed. Examples are provided to demonstrate vectorization of for loops to perform operations on entire arrays without explicit loops.

Uploaded by

Mahmoud shendy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 9

Vectorized Code
Outline
• Operations on Vectors and Matrices
• Vectors and Matrices as Function Arguments
• Logical Vectors
Operations on Vectors and Matrices
v=[3 7 2 1] mat = [4:6; 3:-1:1]
for i = 1:length(v) mat =
v(i) =v(i) * 3; 4 5 6
end 3 2 1
>> mat * 2
v= [3 7 2 1]; ans =
>> v=v*3 8 10 12
9 21 6 3 6 4 2
Scalar Operations
Operation Algebraic Form MATLAB Form
Addition a+b a + b
Subtraction a–b a – b
Multiplication a×b a * b
a
Division a / b
b
Exponentiation ab a ^ b

Same operators can be applied to arrays following linear algebra rules.


These rules are specific to each operation

A+B (A and B should have same size)


A*B (A columns should equal B rows)
A^B (A should be squared matrix)
A/B = A* B-1 (B should be invertible and A columns should be equal B-1 rows )
Element Operations
Both arrays must have the same number of rows and columns

A + B = [1 2 3] + [3 4 5] = [4 6 8]
Element and Algebraic operations are the same

A .* B = [1 2 3] .* [3 4 5] = [3 8 15]
A .^ B = [4 9 6] .^ [2 2 2] = [16 81 36]
A ./ B =[4 9 6] ./ [2 3 2] = [2 3 3]
Array Operations
Operation MATLAB form Comments
Addition a + b Adds each element in a to the element with the same
index in b
Subtraction a – b Subtracts from each element in a the element with the
same index in b
Multiplication a .* b Multiplies each element in a with the element in b
having the same index
Either a or b can be a scalar
Right Division a ./ b Element by element division of a and b:
a(i,j) / b(i,j) provided a, b have same shape
Either a or b can be a scalar
Left Division a .\ b Element by element division of a and b:
b(i,j) / a(i,j) provided a, b have same shape
Either a or b can be a scalar
Exponentiation a .^ b Element by element exponentiation of a and b:
a(i,j) ^ b(i,j) provided a, b have same shape
Either a or b can be a scalar
Operations Rules Examples
v=[3 7 2 1];
>> v ^ 2
??? Error using ==> mpower
Inputs must be a scalar and a square matrix.
To compute elementwise POWER, use POWER (.^)
instead.
>> v .^ 2
ans =
9 49 4 1
Operations Rules Examples
v1 = 2:5;
 v1 = [2 3 4 5]
v2 = [33 11 5 1];
>> v1 * v2 %Error why
>> v1*v2’ % what is the output
>> v1 .* v2 % v1 and v2 must have same size
Vectors and Matrices as Function
Arguments
• Many functions accept scalars as input
• Some functions work on arrays
• Most scalar functions accept arrays as well
– The function is performed on each element in the array
individually
• Try x = pi/2; y = sin(x) in MATLAB

• Now try
x = [0 pi/2 pi 3*pi/2 2*pi];
y = sin(x)
Functions Examples
v1=[1 3 2 7 4 -2]
v2=[5 3 4 1 2 -2]
[mx mxi]=max(v1) 7 4
v=v1-v2 -4 0 -2 6 2 0
v=sign(v1-v2) -1 0 -1 1 1 0
x=sum(v1)  15
v=find(v1>3) 4 5
Logical Vectors
v1=[1 3 2 7 4 -2]
v2=[5 3 -4 -1 2 -2]
v=v1>0 1 1 1 1 1 0
v=v2>0 1 1 0 0 1 0
a=v2(v) 5 3 2
x=sum(v2>0) 3
v=true(1,5) 1 1 1 1 1
v=false(1,5) 0 0 0 0 0
x=all(v)  1 (are all ones?)
y=any(v)  0 (any one?)
Example
1  1 3 0
2  4 1 3
Let a   What is the value of B  (a(1, :)   0) ?
2  1 4 2
 
0  1 3 5

B = [0 0 0 1]
Example

1  1 3 0
2 4 1  3
Let a    What is the value of D  a([4 3], 1 : 2) ?
2 1 4 2
 
 0  1  3 5 

0  1
D 
2 1 
Example
Write a program using Matlab loop(s) to calculate the following
while assuming that the variable x has been initialized:
10

𝑆= 𝑥𝑖2
𝑖=1

N=10;
x = 1:N;
S=0;
for i = 1:N
S=S+ x(i)*x(i);
end
S

Vectorize your code S=sum(x.*x)


Example
Getting Maximum and Minimum Value
v=[1 3 2 7 4 2] i v(i) maxv maxi
maxv=0; 1 1 01 ?1
for =1:length(v) 2 3 13 12
3 2 3 2
if v(i)>maxv 4 7 37 24
maxv=v(i); 5 4 7 4
maxi=i; 6 2 7 4
end
end

% Repeat for the minimum

Vectorize your code: [maxv maxi]=max(v)


Example
Counting Elements
v=[1 3 2 -7 4 -2] i v(i) c
c=0; 1 1 01
for =1:length(v) 2 3 12
3 2 23
if v(i)>0 4 -7 3
c=c+1; 5 4 34
end 6 -2 4
end

% Repeat for the negative

Vectorize your code c = sum(v>0)


Example
Comparing Elements
v1=[1 3 2 7 4 -2] i v1(i) v2(i) v(i)
v2=[5 3 4 1 2 -2] 1 1 5 0
for i=1:length(v1) 2 3 3 0
3 2 4 0
if v1(i)>v2(i)
4 7 1 1
v(i)=1; 5 4 2 1
else 6 -2 -2 0
v(i)=0;
end
end

Vectorize your code: v= v1>v2


Example
Vertical Motion
% Vertical motion under gravity
g = 9.81; % acceleration due to gravity
u = 60; % initial velocity in metres/sec
t = 0 : 0.1 : 12.3; % time in seconds
s = u * t – g / 2 * t .ˆ 2; % vertical displacement in metres
plot(t, s), title( ’Vertical motion under gravity’ )
xlabel( ’time’ ), ylabel( ’vertical displacement’ )
grid
disp( [t’ s’] ) % display a table
Thank You
Course Site:
http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/?q=eldeib/classes/genn004-computers-engineers

Computers for Engineers – GENN004

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