What is meant by VANET in mobile computing?

VANETs which use vehicles as mobile nodes are a subclass of mobile ad hoc
networks (MANETs) to provide communications among nearby vehicles and
between vehicles and nearby roadside equipment but apparently differ from other
networks by their own characteristics.

VANETs seek to connect devices contained within vehicles together to create

services that are particularly relevant to a vehicular environment. They attempt to
do so without relying on infrastructure devices to assist in the process of network
topology management.

What is an example of VANET?

Example applications of VANETs are: Electronic brake lights, which allow a

driver (or an autonomous car or truck) to react to vehicles braking even though
they might be obscured (e.g., by other vehicles).

What are the main components of a VANET network?

As we discussed above, the VANETs consist of three components such as

OBUs, RSUs, and trusted authority (TA); these parameters are discussed
below.

 2.1. VANET Architecture. ...

 2.2. Communication Methods in VANETs

What are the two VANET routing protocols?

The example of reactive protocols is an Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
(AODV), Dynamic Source Control Routing (DSR) and Dynamic Manet on
Demand (DYMO) protocol. AODV is the most commonly used protocol in
VANET

What type of routing is used in VANET *?

The VANET routing protocol can be classified into two categories such
as Topology based routing protocols and Position based routing protocols, the
most popular sub categories under them is Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), UMB,
OLSR, TORA, GRP and Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) (Paul,
Ibrahim, Bikas, & Naser, ..

What is security in VANET? Characteristics of VANET

Table of Contents:
 Infrastructureless
 Self-Organized
 Distributed Network
 Highly Dynamic Nodes
 Predictable Topology (Using Digital Map)
 Critical Latency Requirement
 No Power Constraint
Infrastructureless

VANET is an infrastructureless network, if we consider the network that is formed

by vehicles. There is no need of any physical medium between vehicles for
communication. There is no need of any centralized controlling authority. As hop-
to-hop communication is possible in VANET, there is no need of hardware devices
like switches or hubs. Even if we consider RSUs and TAs in the network, these are
very basic resources which are deployed along the road side during the
construction of roads by the road authority in foreign countries.

Self-Organized

Nodes in VANET takes their own decisions for forwarding messages. Nodes itself
act as a switch for transferring data. Hop-to-hop communication is possible. These
features make VANET as a self-organized network.

Distributed Network

VANET with vehicles, RSUs, and TAs forms a distributed network. TAs are the
topmost controllers. These does the registration of vehicles and RSUs in the initial
phase of the network. Under a ТА, different RSUs are deployed along the road
side. RSUs are regional authorities providing services to vehicles coming under
their regions. This forms a scenario of distributed network.

Highly Dynamic Nodes

As vehicles in VANET are moving in high speeds from 60 to 200 km/hr, it is a

highly dynamic network with high-mobility nodes

Predictable Topology (Using Digital Map)

VANET uses a mesh topology for communication as nodes are moving randomly.
If a digital map is used to trace the runtime location and time of vehicles, we can
predict the topology. The digital map is very similar to Google map, which gives
runtime locations of vehicles with respect to time. We can easily predict the future
topology between the nodes by the current location and speed of the vehicle
Critical Latency Requirement

Latency is nothing but the time interval between sending messages by a source
node and receiving messages by a receiver node. In a VANET, due to highly
mobile nodes, i.e., vehicles, they may be running in opposite directions. The nodes
remain in the vicinity of each other for very short time periods. It is important to
receive the message by the destination vehicle in a given time period. To achieve
this network, a critical latency requirement is needed. Communication in the
VANET network should be made with low latency.

No Power Constraint

Nodes in VANET are vehicles. The life of nodes is nothing but the life of vehicles.
In comparison with other networks like MANET and sensor network, VANET
nodes do not suffer from battery life power problems .The fundamental security
requirements of VANET should include authentication, integrity and
nonrepudiation. In some specific scenarios, confidentiality should also be
provided against attackers.
Difference between MANET and VANET : 
S.No
. MANET VANET

Production cost of MANET is cheap as

1 Much Expensive
compared to VANET

High Mobility, as serving

Mobility of MANET is low as it make bit
networks to locate a
2 difficult for network enables the serving
mobile subscriber’s point
networks to locate a mobile subscriber’s point.
is easy.

Frequent and very fast

Change in network topology orientation is
3 change of network
slow.
topology,

Node density is frequent

4 Sparse node density.
variables.

VANET bandwidth is
5 MANET HAVE 100 Kps bandwidth available.
1000 Kps.

500 m range available in

6 It ranges Upto 100 m.
VANET.

MANET node lifetime depends on power Depend on lifetime

7
resources. vehicle.

High reliability of
8 MANET have medium reliability.
VANET.

Movement of the nodes affects the operation

of a MANET as node movement MANETs Regular, moving pattern
9
need to rely on robust routing protocols.And of nodes.
this MANET have random node movement.

10 Attribute Based addressing scheme. Location Bases

S.No
. MANET VANET

addressing scheme.

VANET maintain
Position acquisition is obtained using
11 position acquisition by
Ultrasonic.
using GPS, RADAR.

Weakly available Multi-

12 Availability of Multi-hop Routing
hop Routing.

What are the problems of VANET?

Some of the key challenges of the future VANETs are as follows:(i)Intermittent

connectivity: the control and management of network connection among vehicles
and infrastructure is a key challenge. The intermittent connections due to the high
mobility of vehicles or high packet loss in vehicular networks must be avoided

VANET is an application of MANET which had its distinct characteristics can be

summarized as: High Mobility: In VANET, the node moves at high speed that
condenses the mesh in the network. So that it is hard to calculate the vehicle
position and to provide security for node privacy.

VANET is similar to MANET in terms, that is also do not need any infrastructure
for data transmission. VANET play important role in aspect of safe driving,
intelligent navigation, emergency and entertainment applications .It can be
defined as an intelligent component of transport system as vehicle are able to
 communicate with each other as well as roadside base station, which are located
at critical points of the road. Example :-Intersection and Construction Sites. 
 

Uses of VANETs :
 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): VANETs can be used to enhance
traffic flow, reduce congestion, and improve road safety by enabling
communication between vehicles and with road-side infrastructure.
 Navigation and Location-Based Services: VANETs can provide real-time
traffic and navigation information to drivers, allowing them to make informed
decisions and avoid congestion.
 Emergency Services: VANETs can be used to quickly and efficiently relay
emergency messages, such as accidents and road closures, to other vehicles and
to emergency services.
 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
Communication: VANETs can facilitate communication between vehicles and
with road-side infrastructure, allowing for a wide range of applications, such as
cooperative driving and platooning.
 Entertainment and Infotainment Services: VANETs can provide
entertainment and information services, such as streaming music and video, to
passengers in vehicles.
Overall, VANETs can enhance the driving experience, improve road safety, and
support a wide range of intelligent transportation applications.