GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

SERIES 7000 7500 SPECIFICATIONS AND TEST METHODS7000-20

TOLERANCES, TESTING AND

QUALITY CONTROL

SECTION PAGE
7100 TESTING OF MATERIALS AND
WORKMANSHIP 7000-2
7200 QUALITY CONTROL 7000-12
7300 SETTING OUT AND TOLERANCES7000-17
7400 RECTIFICATION OF EARTHWORKS AND
PAVEMENT LAYERS OUTSIDE PERMITTED
GEOMETRIC TOLERANCES 7000-19

CONTENTS OF THE GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS:

SERIES 1000 GENERAL
SERIES 2000 DRAINAGE
SERIES 3000 EARTHWORKS AND PAVEMENT LAYERS OF GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE
SERIES 4000 BITUMINOUS LAYERS AND SEALS
SERIES 5000 ANCILLARY ROADWORKS
SERIES 6000 STRUCTURES
SERIES 7000 TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

SERIES 7000: TOLERANCES, TESTING AND

QUALITY CONTROL 7103 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Where in the Specifications tests on materials, tests on
completed Works and construction control tests are
SECTION 7100: TESTING OF called for or implied, they shall be carried out according
to the test methods listed in Section 7502 (a), unless
MATERIALS AND the test in question is not covered within this Section.
WORKMANSHIP When a particular test is not covered by the referred
standard, then the method shall be to an equivalent
standard called for in the contract documents or as
CONTENTS: directed by the Engineer.
CLAUSE PAGE Materials shall comply with, the requirements of the
7101 SCOPE 7000-2 current edition of Specifications issued by the Uganda
7102 MATERIALS GENERALLY 7000-2 National Bureau of Standards (US), American
7103 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS 7000-2 Association of State Highway and Transportation
7104 MATERIALS TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE7000-2 Officials (AASHTO) or American Society for Testing
7105 LABORATORY FOR THE ENGINEER7000-3 Materials (ASTM) or British Standard (BS), or European
7106 TESTING BY THE CONTRACTOR 7000-3 Standards (BS EN) or where applicable, an equivalent
7107 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS OR Specification called for in the contract documents or as
MATERIALS 7000-3 directed by the Engineer.
7108 THE COST OF TESTING 7000-3
7109 TAKING AND SUBMITTING SAMPLES7000-3 Other equivalent national standard specifications may
7110 TESTING METHODS 7000-3 only be substituted for the above at the sole discretion
7111 TESTING CEMENTITIOUS BINDERS AND of the Engineer.
CONCRETE 7000-4
7112 TESTING SOILS, GRAVELS AND CRUSHED
AGGREGATE FOR EARTHWORKS AND 7104 MATERIALS TESTING AND
PAVEMENT LAYERS 7000-5 ACCEPTANCE
7113 TESTING BITUMINOUS BINDERS AND As soon as possible after the Contract has been
MIXES 7000-5 awarded, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer
7114 FIELD DENSITY TESTING 7000-6 complete statements as to the origin, composition and
7115 TESTS OF SURFACE REGULARITY, manufacture of all materials to be used in the Works
LEVELS AND LAYER THICKNESS 7000-7 together with a list of the suppliers from whom he
7116 LABORATORY TRIALS AND SITE TRIALS7000-8 proposes to purchase these materials.
7117 TESTS ON STRUCTURES 7000-10
7118 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 7000-11 Prior to delivery of materials to the job site, the
Contractor shall submit certified test reports and
samples to the Engineer of all materials proposed for
use in the Works, whether from an outside supplier or
7101 SCOPE whether supplied by the Contractor from his own
This SECTION covers the tests and methods of testing resources. The certification(s) shall show the
which are required for the selection and control of the appropriate test(s) for each material, the test results,
materials and for control of workmanship, trials and and a statement that the material meets the
construction control testing. specification requirement. The Engineer's approval
shall be received prior to any materials being delivered
During the progress of the Work tests shall be in bulk to the works.
conducted on materials and workmanship to ensure
compliance with the requirements of the Specifications. The Engineer may request further samples for testing,
prior to and during construction to verify the quality of
The Contractor's attention is drawn to the provisions of the materials and to ensure conformance with the
Clause 1205 in regard to his/her obligations to conduct applicable specifications. The Contractor shall provide
tests on regular basis for check of compliance with all samples free of charge.
specification requirements. The intensity of control and
of tests to be conducted by the Contractor is not All equipment to be used in testing shall be calibrated at
specified but shall be adequate to ensure that proper the start of the project, and at regular intervals
control is being exercised. This process-control shall be throughout the project period as approved by the
detailed in a quality control management system to be Engineer.
prepared by the Contractor.
The Contractor shall test samples as specified from
each quarry location and borrow pit proposed for use in
7102 MATERIALS GENERALLY the Works. The particular tests to be carried out will be
All materials shall conform to the requirements of the determined by the function for which the Contractor
Contract, the Drawings and the Specifications. proposes to use the material in the Works, as
necessary to show compliance to these Specifications.
All materials shall be of approved manufacture and The results of these tests shall be submitted to the
origin and the best quality of their respective kinds. Engineer for approval at least 14 days before the quarry
Unless otherwise specified such materials shall be new or borrow pit is required for use. Should any quarry or
(as compared to used or reprocessed). borrow pit prove to be unsuitable, the Contractor shall
investigate further sites until suitable materials are
No materials of any description shall be used without found and approved.
the prior sanction of the Engineer and any materials
condemned as unsuitable for use in the Works shall be The Contractor’s programme shall allow sufficient time
removed immediately from the Site by and without for materials testing and no claim for delays or extra
recompense to the Contractor. costs arising out of this will be accepted.

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All materials supplied for use in the Works shall specifications. All costs of providing such certificates
conform within specified tolerances, to the quality of the shall be borne by the Contractor.
approved samples, which will be retained at the
Engineer’s office until the completion of the Contract. (c) Testing materials and products covered by
certificates
Where a material has been specified by a The Engineer shall be entitled to take samples of, and
manufacturer’s trade name, the product of another order tests to be made on, products and materials in
manufacturer will be accepted provided that, in the respect of which certificates of compliance may be
opinion of the Engineer, it is in all respects of an required. The Contractor shall only be paid at the
equivalent or higher quality. appropriate rates if the costs of such tests are itemised
in the Bill of Quantities.

7105 LABORATORY FOR THE ENGINEER

The Contractor shall facilitate independent testing by 7109 TAKING AND SUBMITTING SAMPLES
the Engineer as he may deem necessary in accordance
with SECTION 1410. (a) General
Where the Contractor is required in these Specifications
to submit samples of materials or mixtures to the
7106 TESTING BY THE CONTRACTOR Engineer for approval prior to their being used in the
The Contractor shall provide, use and maintain on the Works, the use of these materials or mixtures without
site throughout the period of execution of the works a the Engineer’s written approval shall constitute default
suitable laboratory and adequate equipment operated on the part of the Contractor, who shall be liable for the
by competent staff for carrying out tests required for the consequence of such default. All samples shall be
selection and control of the quality of materials and for submitted in sufficient time for proper testing.
the control of workmanship in accordance with this
specification, in accordance with SECTION 1410. The The Engineer’s approval of any materials or mixtures
contractor shall assume that tests will be required on all shall in no way relieve the Contractor of his obligation to
materials used in the works and on all finished work. provide materials, mixtures and workmanship which
comply with the Specifications.
The Contractor shall carry out all necessary tests and
shall report to the Engineer the results of such tests All samples for testing shall be taken from the road after
before submitting materials and finished work to the completion of work on the particular layer to be tested
Engineer for approval. In appropriate circumstances, except as specified elsewhere in these Specifications.
tests may be carried out at the place of manufacture. Where specified or required by the Engineer, stratified
random sampling methods, as defined in SUBCLAUSES
7203(b) and 7204(b), shall be followed. For the testing
of layer work stratified random sampling methods shall
7107 ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS OR be used for obtaining all the sample portions and for
MATERIALS determining the locations of in situ test sites.
All materials used in or upon the works shall comply
with this Specification and the Special Specification and The method of taking samples shall be as specified in
shall be acceptable to the Engineer. Where so the appropriate sampling and testing methods listed in
specified, the material shall comply with the US SECTION 7502 (a) or similar approved by the Engineer.
specification named or with an alternative national
specification on the approval of the Engineer. The Engineer shall have full access to the Works for the
purpose of taking samples. The Contractor shall render
Similarly, where a material has been specified by any assistance necessary for taking the samples and
manufacturer’s trade name, the product of another shall be responsible for the reinstatement of pavement
manufacturer will be acceptable provided it is in all layers or other structures at the positions where the
respects of equivalent or higher quality and provided samples have been taken. Full compensation for
that the Engineer’s approval has been obtained. rendering assistance with sampling and for
reinstatement where samples have been taken shall be
Samples of all materials proposed to be used shall be included in the rates tendered for the various items of
submitted to the Engineer and shall, where required, be work tested, and no additional payment will be made in
tested prior to the material being delivered in bulk upon this respect.
the works.
(b) Sampling frequency
Samples shall be taken for laboratory testing for each
7108 THE COST OF TESTING new material encountered, or when there is a significant
change in material properties in the opinion of the
(a) Process control Engineer.
The cost of testing undertaken by the Contractor in
terms of his obligations under CLAUSE 1205 for The minimum sampling frequencies shall be as given in
purposes of process control, including the taking of TABLE 7109/1. Samples for tests that are not mentioned
samples, reinstating where samples have been taken, in TABLE 7109/1, but for which there are material
and all testing equipment, labour, materials, etc, shall requirements in these Specifications, shall be taken as
be included in the rates bid for the various items of work required in the opinion of the Engineer.
supplied and will not be paid for separately.

(b) Producing certificates 7110 TESTING METHODS

Where the properties of materials or manufactured All tests shall be conducted in accordance with the
products are required in these Specifications to comply standard methods specified in the Specifications. Other
with specified specifications published by a Standards equivalent national standard specifications may only
Authority approved by the Engineer, the Contractor substitute the prescribed test method at the sole
shall produce, when called upon to do so, certificates discretion of the Engineer.
from the manufacturer confirming that the materials or
products supplied comply with the relevant Where in the Specifications tests on materials, tests on
completed Works and construction control tests are

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called for or implied, they shall be carried out according is made to one of the above standards in the
to test methods listed in SECTION 7502 (a), unless the Specification.
test in question is not covered within this Section. When
a particular test is not listed in SECTION 7502 (a), then The Contractor shall have on the Site all the relevant
the method shall be an equivalent standard called for in standards required for the work he is to undertake
the contract documents or as directed by the Engineer. under the Contract. The Engineer shall be provided a
In addition to the above standard methods of testing, copy of such standards.
equivalent standard specifications or test methods of
other bodies may be used in these specifications if
approved by the Engineer.

In all cases the latest amendment or revision current at

the closing date of the tender is implied when reference

TABLE 7109/1
SAMPLING FREQUENCIES

Layer and nominal class of material Tests to be carried out Sampling frequency, minimum
1)
Roadbed CBR 1 sample per 10000 m2
MDD, PI, grading 1 sample per 5000 m2
Earthworks fill using soils: (G3) CBR, PI, grading 1 sample per 2000 m3
MDD 1 sample per 1000 m3
Backfill to culverts and structures CBR, PI, grading 1 sample per 500 m3
MDD 1 sample per 200 m3
Improved subgrade (G7, G15) or CBR, PI, grading 1 sample per 10000 m2
Gravel wearing course (GW) MDD 1 sample per 5000 m2
Subbase: (G30, G45) CBR, incl. swell, grading 1 sample per 5000 m2
MDD, PI, LL, LS 1 sample per 5000 m2
Subbase: (CM, C0.7, C1.0) UCS, PI 1 sample per 5000 m2
MDD 1 sample per 5000 m2
Base course: (G60, G80) CBR, PI, grading 1 sample per 5000 m2
MDD 1 sample per 2500 m2
Base course: (C1.0, C1.5) UCS, PI 1 sample per 5000 m2
MDD 1 sample per 2500 m2
Base course using crushed aggregate: (CRS) LS, grading 1 sample per 5000 m2
MDD 1 sample per 2500 m2
Base course using crushed aggregate: (CRR) LL, LS, grading, flakiness 1 sample per 5000 m2
MDD, TFV, CBR 1 sample per 10000 m2
Base course of a bituminous mix or asphalt concrete Extraction, grading 1 sample per 10000 m2
surfacing Marshall test / Gyratory 1 sample per 5000 m2
Compaction Test
Surface treatments TFV 1 sample per 20000 m2
Grading, flakiness 1 sample per 5000 m2
Tray Test 2 1 sampler per 500 m²
The referred tests shall be carried out in accordance with standards test methods indicated in the special specifications or
other standards approved by the Engineer. Tray test shall be performed for both bitumen spraying rate and chipping
spreading rate.

It is emphasised that the Atterberg limits of soil fines

shall be measured according to the British Standard 7111 TESTING CEMENTITIOUS BINDERS AND
(BS) procedures and utilise BS equipment. Other
CONCRETE
laboratory test procedures and equipment do not give
comparable results and shall not be used unless proper
(a) Testing aggregates for concrete
correlation to BS has been carried out to the
Aggregates shall be regularly tested by the Contractor
satisfaction of the Engineer.
at a frequency to the satisfaction of the Engineer as
part of the Contractor’s process control as they are
All CBR testing shall be carried out using the three
being manufactured or brought onto the site and used
point method as described in SECTION 7502 (a) or other
or taken to stockpile.
approved at the discretion of the Engineer. All CBR
tests relate to material compacted to the dry density
The appropriate test methods shall be those included
obtained using the compaction test as specified in the
under the respective CLAUSES of the Specifications, or
respective CLAUSES for material requirements. The CBR
any other relevant tests prescribed by the Engineer.
testing shall be carried out at moisture content as
specified in the respective Clauses for material
requirements.

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Accelerated tests shall be carried out to determine the Fill the mould halfway and vibrate it and spade it on
potential alkali reactivity of aggregates where this is all four sides with a suitable trowel to remove air
considered appropriate by the Engineer. bubbles. Stop the vibration as soon as a wet sheen
appears on the surface. Fill the mould and repeat
(b) Test for cementitious- binder content the procedure, but stop when again a wet sheet
The test method used for determining the cementitious appears on the surface.
binder content of soils, gravels or crushed stone mixed (ii) Stiff Concrete
with a chemical stabilising agent shall be determined by The same procedure is followed, except that the
the Engineer and may be any test method currently mould is filled in three to four steps instead of in
recognised by the Engineer as being acceptable. two. The vibration is stopped for each layer when a
wet sheen appears.
Where the cementitious binder content is determined,
due allowance shall be made for the presence in the (g) Consistency
un-stabilised material of naturally occurring MgO or The test method described in shall apply in regard to
CaO which affects the result of such tests. If the the slump test.
standard deviation of the natural CaO plus MgO content
of the untreated material exceeds 0.35% any (h) Air content
determination of the cementitious- binder content shall The air content of the freshly mixed concrete shall be
be ignored. tested by the method given in BS 1881, Part 106 or
equivalent. Air content tests shall be conducted on the
Sample holes shall be randomly (as defined in same samples of concrete from which cubes were
SUBCLAUSES 7203(b) and 7204(b)) spaced transversely made for the 28 – day compressive strength tests.
as well as longitudinally over the area to be tested, or
as directed by the Engineer, and if the material is road (i) Drilling and testing the cores
– mixed, samples shall be taken from the top and Where sections of concrete which have failed to comply
bottom of each hole. The minimum number of samples with the Specifications are required to be further
per test shall be 10. investigated by extracting and testing concrete cores,
100 mm or 150 mm cores shall be drilled and tested.
(c) Canvas patch test for the spreading rate of The sampling and testing procedure to be followed shall
cementitious binder be in accordance with the publication Concrete Core
The following method shall be used for determining the Testing for Strength – Concrete Society Technical
spreading rate of a chemical stabilising agent where Report No.11, published by the Concrete Society of
bulk distributors are used. Great Britain.

At least 10 clean canvas patches, each measuring 1.0 The instructions of this report shall be followed for
m x 1.0 m shall be placed flat on the road in selected determining the “estimated potential strength”, which
positions in relation to the bulk distributor’s track. After shall be compared with the 28 days cube strength
the stabilising agent has been spread by the bulk specified for each type of concrete. Corrections to the
distributor, the canvas patches shall be carefully lifted actual core strength to allow for excess voids, included
and all the material on the patches transferred to a steel and the length :diameter ratio of cores shall be as
container and weighed. The total mass of stabilising stated in this publication, and the correction for curing
agent on each patch is then recorded and the average shall be determined by the Engineer in accordance with
rate of application determined. Instead of canvas this publication and such other information as he may
patches, flat metal trays may be used for collecting the deem to be appropriate.
stabilising agent.
The Engineer’s decision regarding the degree to which
(d) Test for mix uniformity in chemically stabilised the concrete, which is represented by the cores tested
layers as described above, complies with the requirements
Where required by the Engineer, the Contractor shall and also regarding the properties and suitability of the
determine the mix uniformity in chemically stabilised concrete, shall be final and binding.
layers by means of unconfined compressive strength
tests, using an approved method.
7112 TESTING SOILS, GRAVEL AND
The Contractor shall without delay make the necessary
CRUSHED AGGREGATE FOR
arrangements to take samples in accordance with the
requirements in the method used. EARTHWORKS AND PAVEMENT
LAYERS
(e) Test for initial consumption of lime Specimens of soils, gravel and crushed stone materials
The objective of the gravel ICL test is the control of the in earthworks and pavement layers shall be taken in
pH in lime and cement stabilised soil in order to allow accordance with CLAUSE 7104, and subjected to tests
the possible formation of cement minerals, calcium as prescribed for each respective layer in the relevant
silica hydrate in particular, and for proper modification sections of SERIES 3000.
to take place. It is recommended that the stabiliser to
be used during construction (or the nearest equivalent)
should be used to carry out this test. 7113 TESTING BITUMINOUS BINDERS AND
MIXES
(f) Determining the compressive strength
Specimens of soils, gravel and crushed stone materials
The procedure for sampling and manufacturing, storing,
in earthworks and pavement layers shall be taken in
curing and testing test cubes shall be in accordance
accordance with SECTION 7105. And subjected to tests
with appropriate tests in SECTION 7502 (a).
as prescribed for each respective layer in the relevant
sections of SERIES 4000.
Where specified in the Special Specifications, the
compaction of concrete specimens in the moulds by
The Engineer shall be entitled to order the Contractor to
means of a vibrating table shall be obligatory. In such
have material tested by an approved laboratory for
case the method of compaction shall be as follows:
compliance with all of the requirements specified, and
the results of such tests shall be submitted direct to the
(i) Plastic concrete
Engineer by the testing laboratory with copies, if
requested, to the Contractor.

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section of the works submitted and inform the

The cost of such tests shall be borne as specified in Contractor in writing of the results of the tests at the
CLAUSE 7108. same time accepting or rejecting the section or layer
concerned.

7114 FIELD DENSITY TESTING Work on layers shall in no circumstances commence

until the preceding layer has been approved and
(a) General accepted by the Engineer in writing. The Contractor is
All earthwork and pavement layers and backfill to wholly responsible for protecting and maintaining the
drainage works and structures will be subject to condition of the work which has been submitted for
construction control testing by the Engineer, and the approval.
Contractor must allow for any disturbance or delays to
the sequence of his operations occasioned by such Should any layer be left unprotected for more than 24
control testing. hours subsequent to approval the Contractor shall
request re-approval of the layer and the layer will again
The contractor shall request, in writing, the Engineer’s be subject to proof rolling, construction control testing,
approval for each layer of each section of earthworks and tolerance checks in accordance with this
and pavement construction and backfill to drainage Specification.
works and structures. Such requests shall be made
only when the Contractor is fully satisfied that the Notwithstanding the Engineer’s approval of a layer, the
section of the work concerned is in the condition Contractor shall be responsible for making good any
required by this Specification. Such requests shall be subsequent damage doe to traffic, ingress of water or
accompanied by the test results required in accordance any other reason and should any damage occur the
with this Specification. layer will again be subject to proof rolling, construction
control testing and tolerance checks in accordance with
The Engineer shall thereupon without undue delay this Specification.
inspect the section for any visible wet spots,
laminations, heaving material (visible during compaction (b) Testing frequency
or on proof rolling), segregation, and for the uniformity The minimum testing frequencies shall be as given in
of the mixing and compaction. Providing the visual TABLE 7114/1.
aspects are satisfactory, the Engineer shall test the

TABLE 7114/1
TESTING FREQUENCIES FOR FIELD DENSITY TESTING

Layer and nominal class of material Frequency, minimum Absolute minimum

3 tests per section and

Roadbed 1 test per 1000 m2
1 test per 50m

Earthworks fill using soils: (G3) 1 test per 200 m3 3 per section per layer

tests
Backfill to culverts and structures 2 10 m3 2 per section
per
Fill or improved subgrade layers using dump rock: (DR)
Method specification
Improved subgrade layers using gravel/soils: (G7, G15)
1 test per 1000 m2 4 per section per layer
Gravel wearing course used on gravel roads: (GW)
1 test per 1000 m2 4 per section

Subbase: (G30, G45, CM, C 0.7, C 1.0) 1 test per 750 m2 5 per section

Base course: (G60, G80, CRS, CRR) 1 test per 500 m2 6 per section
Base course of bituminous mix: (BEMIX, FBMIX, DBM40,
DBM30, 37.5, 25.0 Nominal mixes) 1 test per 500 m2 6 per section
Asphalt concrete surfacing
(AC20, AC14, AC10, 19.0, 12.5, 9.5 Nominal mixes) 1 test per 400 m2 6 per section

(c) Testing methods

If a nuclear method is used for determining density and When starting to use a new material source, or
moisture content, tests will be done at least at the same whenever there is a change of material type, a
frequency required when using the sand replacement calibration shall be carried out in accordance with the
method but at each nuclear densometer test location, manufacturer’s guidelines or as required by the
the average of two readings taken at positions rotated Engineer to establish a moisture correction and any
by 180° shall be used. A check/comparison test using correction of density required. Check tests will be used
the sand replacement method shall be carried out as to update the initial calibration of the nuclear density
required by the Engineer. testing equipment.

Initial calibration of the nuclear testing equipment shall (d) Field density requirements
be done by carrying out at least fifty tests in parallel with The required field densities for each material type shall
the sand replacement method for each different be as shown in TABLE 7114/2. The values shown are
material encountered. nominal values, or lower specification limits, to which an

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assessment of the results shall be applied in

accordance with SECTION 7200.

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.
TABLE 7114/2
MINIMUM FIELD DENSITY, NOMINAL VALUES

Layer and nominal class of material Field density, Lower Specification Limit

Depends on the depth below formation, reference is made to

Roadbed (after removal of topsoil etc.)
TABLE 3606/1
To be the same as adjacent layers at the same level, not less
Backfill to culverts and structures
than 93% BS-Heavy

Fill or improved subgrade layers using dump rock: (DR) Method specification

Earthworks fill using soils: (G3) (more than 300mm below

90% of BS-Heavy
formation level)

Lower improved subgrade layers using gravel/soils: (G7) 93% of BS-Heavy

Upper improved subgrade layers using gravel/soils: (G15) 95% of BS-Heavy

Gravel wearing course used on gravel roads: (GW) 95% of BS-Heavy

Subbase of natural gravel: (G30, G45) 95% of BS-Heavy

Subbase of cemented material: (CM, C0.7, C1.0) 95% of BS-Heavy

Base course of natural gravel: (G60, G80) 98% of BS-Heavy

Base course of cemented material: (C1.0, C1.5) 97% of BS-Heavy

Base course of crushed aggregate: CRS 98% of BS-Heavy

Base course of crushed aggregate: CRR 102% of BS-Heavy

96% of Marshall density, or

Base course of cold bituminous mix: (BEMIX, FBMIX)
method specifications 1)

Base course of hot bituminous mix: (DBM40, DBM30) Method specification) 1)

Base course of hot bituminous mix: (37.5, 25.0 Nominal

> 93.5 % of Max. Theoretical Density G mm
mixes)
Asphalt concrete surfacing: (AC20, AC14, AC10, 19.0, 12.5,
96% of Marshall density
9.5 Nominal mixes)

Asphalt concrete surfacing: (19.0, 12.5, 9.5 Nominal mixes) > 93.5 % of Max. Theoretical Density G mm
1) Marshall density cannot be used on coarse bituminous material types, i.e. with nominal aggregate size 30 mm or larger.
Whether or not Marshall compaction can be applied for a specific type of cold bituminous mix shall be decided by the
Engineer.

such chipping, seals and other like surface, the

7115 TESTS OF SURFACE REGULARITY, following procedure shall be followed:
LEVELS AND LAYER THICKNESS A metal wedge of 100 mm in length and 50 mm in
width shall be constructed with a taper of 7.5
(a) General
horizontal to 1.0 vertical and tapering to a feather
edge (50 mm wide). Parallel lines spaced at 7.5 mm
(i) Straight edge measurements, normal conditions
intervals shall be engraved on the sloping face and
Measurements of surface regularity shall be carried
numbered to indicate the positions where the
out with a 3 m straight edge having sharp right
wedge is 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, etc, thick.
angled corners at the bottom, and shall be placed
on the road at any angle to the centreline as
(iii) Horizontal tolerances
directed by the Engineer. Measurements shall be
At no point shall the distance between the centre-
carried out by measuring the largest deviation from
line and the edge of the top of a layer be less than
true surface along the straightedge.
that detailed or more than 150 mm in excess of that
detailed.
Using the rolling straight edge for measuring surface
irregularities, the apparatus and testing method for
(iv) Shoulders
this shall be in accordance with testing Method ST3
Shoulders shall be constructed to the same
of TMH6 of South Africa.
thickness, level, crossfall and surface regularity
(ii) Straight edge measurements, severe conditions
requirements as for the adjacent pavement layers,
Where surface irregularities are measured on a
except otherwise as stated in the other contract
surface with a coarse surface texture in the opinion
documents.
of the Engineer, such as grooved concrete
pavements, crushed aggregate pavement layers,
(b) Surface regularity, straight edge measurements
natural gravel base course, asphalt with rolled in

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The required surface regularity, measured with a 3 m TABLE 7115/1

straight edge at any angle in relation to the centreline, SURFACE REGULARITY, MEASUREMENTS WITH 3 METRE
shall be within the limits shown in TABLE 7115/1. STRAIGHT EDGE

(c) Surface levels Layer Maximum straight

The maximum deviation in levels shall be as shown in edge deviation (mm)
TABLE 7115/2. Bituminous wearing 6
course
Bituminous binder 7
course
Base course (not PM 7
materials)
Gravel wearing course 15

Subbase 30

TABLE 7115/2
SURFACE LEVELS

Layer and material class Maximum deviation in levels (mm)

High (+) Low (-)

H90 value 1) Absolute max Hmax H90 value 1) Absolute max Hmax
value value
Base course, when 10 15 10 15
followed by a seal only
Base course, when NIL NIL 10 20
followed by AC surfacing
Subbase NIL NIL 25 35

Formation NIL NIL 50 75

Gravel wearing course 15 30 15 20

1) H90 is the limit within which 90% of the measurements shall fall when assessing 50 or more measurements against the
specified level at the respective locations the measurements were taken.

(d) Surface crossfall

The maximum deviation in longitudinal slope or crossfall
shall be as shown in TABLE 7115/3. The values shown 7116 LABORATORY TRIALS AND SITE TRIALS
are nominal values to which an assessment of the
results shall be applied in accordance with SECTION (a) Laboratory trials
7200. Laboratory trials shall be carried out by the Contractor
and the Engineer on earthwork and pavement materials
which are to be used in the works in their natural state
TABLE 7115/3 to establish a relationship between their specified end
SURFACE CROSSFALL product requirements and properties which can be
readily determined in the field for construction control
Maximum crossfall purposes.
Layer
deviation + (%)
Bituminous wearing Laboratory trial mixes and site trials for bituminous
0.25 mixes shall be carried out in accordance with the
course
Base course (not PM requirements of SERIES 4000 of this Specification.
0.25
materials)
For mixed materials the composition which meets the
Subbase 0.50 specified requirements and is accepted by the Engineer
shall then be used in the site trials to establish that all
Formation 0.50 specified requirements of the completed pavement
course can be achieved.
Gravel wearing course 0.50 The Laboratory trials on mixed materials shall be
undertaken, and the Contractor’s proposals based
(e) Layer thickness thereon submitted to the Engineer, at least two weeks
The final compacted layer thickness measured by before the Contractor proposes to use the mixed
excavating trial pits or core drilling shall not deviate material in the site trials.
more from the specified thickness than the maximum
deviations shown in TABLE 7115/4. The measurements
shall be taken at locations as directed by the Engineer TABLE 7115/4
at intervals not less frequent than 25 metres and a lot LAYER THICKNESS
size shall be at least 20 measurements.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

Layer Maximum deviation in layer

thickness (mm)
T90 value 1) Absolute max
Tmax value
Bituminous wearing 5 10
course
Bituminous base 10 15
course (not PM
materials)

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

Base course, 10 20
aggregate or natural
gravel
Subbase 15 25

Improved subgrade 20 35
layers
Gravel wearing 15 25
course
1) T90 is the value with which 90% of the
measurements shall comply when assessing 20 or
more measurements against the specified layer
thickness.

(b) Site trials

The Contractor shall prepare a Trial Section
Programme for the approval of the Engineer detailing all
sequences of the proposed trial section. In addition to
the items listed further below, at least the following,
where appropriate, shall be included:
- date and time, location, sketch of location and type
of layer to be placed;
- preparation of surface;
- rate of application;
- frequency of testing (test trays, cores, density
measurements, gradation, etc);
- type and number of equipment to be used;
- roller pattern;
- joint construction methods.

The plan for the proposed trial section shall be

forwarded to the Engineer for approval not less than
two working days before the planned trial. Attention
shall be given to joint construction methods, limitation of
longitudinal and transversal joints and handling of
materials.

Full scale laying and compaction site trials shall be

carried out by the Contractor on all earthwork and
pavement materials proposed for the works using the
constructional plant and methods proposed by the
Contractor for constructing the works. The trials shall be
carried out with the agreement, and in the presence of
the Engineer.

The trials shall be carried out to enable the Contractor

to demonstrate the suitability of his mixing and
compaction equipment to provide and compact the
material to the specified density and to confirm that the
other specified requirements of the completed
earthwork or pavement layer can be achieved.

Each trial area shall be at least 100 metres long and to

the full construction width and shall be laid to the
specified depth for the material. It may form part of the
works provided it complies with this Specification. Any
areas which do not comply with this Specification shall
be removed and a new trial shall be laid.

The Contractor shall allow in his programme for

conducting site trials and for carrying out the
appropriate tests on them. The trial on each pavement
layer shall be undertaken at least 21 days ahead of the
Contractor proposing to commence full scale work on
that layer.

The Contractor shall compact each section of trial over

the range of compactive effort the Contractor is
proposing and if appropriate, the following data shall be
recorded for each level of compactive effort at each site
trial:
(i) The composition and grading of the material before
the site trial.

(ii) The composition and grading of the material

including the cement, lime or bitumen content.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

(iii) The moisture content at the time of compaction and

the optimum moisture content for the specified (ii) Anchorage’s and couplers
compaction. Anchorage’s and couplers shall be tested in
accordance with the requirements of CLAUSE 6503.
(iv) The type, size, tyre pressure, frequency of vibration The anchorages and couplers shall be assembled
and the number of passes of the compaction in accordance with their practical application on the
equipment. site where all components necessary for anchoring
shall be used, but excluding the ducts.
(v) The maximum dry density or target density as
appropriate measured on a sample before and at (iii) Prestressing steel
intervals through the site trials. Prestressing steel shall be tested in accordance
with the requirements of CLAUSE 6503. Should any
(vi) The density achieved. test piece fail to comply with the requirements
specified for the prestressing steel, the material
(vii) The compacted thickness of the layer. represented by that sample shall be replaced with
materials conforming to the specifications if further
(viii) Any other relevant information as directed by the testing confirms that they do not comply with the
Engineer. specifications.

At least eight sets of tests shall be made by the (iv) Grout

Contractor and the Engineer on each 100 metres of trial The fluidity of grout shall be measured with a flow
for each level of compactive effort and provided all eight cone, immersion apparatus or viscometer. The
sets of results over the range of compactive effort instrument shall be accurately calibrated in a
proposed by the Contractor meet the specified laboratory so that the specified viscosity of grout
requirements for the material the site trial shall be can be controlled satisfactorily.
deemed successful. The above data recorded in the
trial shall become the agreed basis on which the The readings obtained during grouting shall be
particular material shall be provided and processed to compared with the times determined in the laboratory
achieve the specified requirements. for grouts of the specified viscosities.

The Contractor shall not proceed with the placing of the The bleeding of grout shall be measured in a metal or
layer tried in the trial section until the methods, glass container with an internal diameter of
materials and procedures established in the trials have approximately 100 mm and a height of approximately
been approved. Such approval shall be based on a 120 mm. The grout and water levels in the container
detailed trial section report prepared by the Contractor shall be controlled with a metal bridge into which two
including all observations and test results. Should the adjustable studs A and B are secured.
trial fail, the Contractor shall perform additional trials at
his own cost until a trial and the trial section report has The procedure for determining the bleeding of grout
been approved by the Engineer. shall be as follows:

If during the execution of the works, the construction Studs A and B in the metal bridge shall be adjusted and
control tests indicate that the requirements for a locked so that the distance from the lower tips of studs
material are not being consistently achieved, then work to the bottom of the container will be approximately 100
on that layer shall stop until the cause is investigated by mm and 107 mm respectively. The volume V a and Vb for
the Contractor. Such investigation may include, effect of the container at the respective levels of the stud
using other compaction methods, further laboratory and settings shall then be determined to the nearest
site trials on the material to determine a revised set of millilitre.
data as above which, when agreed, shall be the basis
on which all subsequent material will be provided and The container shall be filled with freshly mixed grout to
processed to achieve the specified requirements. a level where the grout will just touch the tip of stud A
which points downwards. The bridge shall then be
Agreement by the Engineer to a set of data recorded in removed and the container tightly sealed to prevent
a site trial shall not relieve the Contractor of any evaporation. The container shall then be stored at 20°C
responsibility to comply with the requirements of this and kept free from vibrations for the entire duration of
Specification and the Special Specification. the test.

Three hours after the grout has been mixed, the

7117 TESTS ON STRUCTURES container shall be opened and the free (bleed) water
poured off. The bridge shall be placed over the
(a) Test on elastomeric bearings container with tip of stud B pointing downwards and
Tests on elastomeric bearings shall be conducted in water poured onto the grout with measuring apparatus
accordance with BS 5400 Part 9.2: 1983 and the until the water level touches the tip of stud B. The
bearings shall comply with the test requirements volume of water added shall be determined to the
specified in the said specification. nearest millilitre.

(b) Prestressed concrete

(c) Load test on foundation piles
(i) General The head of the test pile shall be exposed for checking
Where so directed by the Engineer the contractor position and slope. Where necessary, the head shall be
shall make arrangements for samples of the cut further back so as to expose a full bond length of
materials he intends to use in the Works to be main reinforcing steel, and a suitable pile head slab for
tested by an Independent testing authority. The cost applying an axial load to the pile shall be cast. As an
of testing prestressing steel, anchorage assemblies alternative, the head may be cut at right angles and the
and couplings shall be included in his rates. load applied directly to the pile.

Material represented by samples which do not The test load shall be applied to the top of the pile with
comply with the specified requirements shall be a hydraulic jack. Where more than one jack is used for
removed and replaced with suitable material. applying the load, all the jacks in the circuit shall be

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

activated by the same pumping unit. The jack (s) shall

be placed so as to ensure that the load is applied ITEM UNIT
axially. 71.01 SPECIAL TESTS
REQUESTED BY THE ENGINEER
The applied load shall be calculated in accordance with
the hydraulic pressure which is being monitored by two (a) TESTS PROVISIONAL SUM
pressure meters in the circuit. The pressure meter shall (b) CONTRACTOR’S OVERHEAD AND %
be calibrated in divisions not exceeding 2% of the PROFIT
maximum pressure applied, and the range of the
metres shall not exceed 150% of the maximum The actual costs of special tests requested by the
pressure. The jack(s) and meters shall be calibrated by Engineer shall be reimbursed from the provisional sum
an approved testing laboratory not more than four entered in the Bill of Quantities for such tests. The
weeks before the test will commence. Contractor’s overhead and profit associated with
arranging and paying for the tests shall be covered by a
The deflection of the pile head shall be measured with percentage on the actual costs.
two scale rulers and two dial extensometers. The scale
rulers shall be fixed to the pile and placed on both sides
of the pile on a diameter line and the dial
extensometers shall be similarly placed but on a
diameter line at right angles to that in which the scale
rulers have been mounted.

Level measurements shall be taken on the scale rulers

and reduced as a level mark to a similar scale ruler
placed at a distance from the test pile. All three scale
rulers shall be calibrated in millimetres and the level –
indicating instrument shall be capable of taking
readings to 0.5 mm, and approximate readings of up to
0.1 mm.

The dial extensometers shall have a range of 50 mm

and shall be marked in 0.1 mm divisions to enable
measurements to 0.05 mm to be taken. The plungers of
the extensometer shall rest on a machined metal or
glass surface.

The extensometer shall be supported by one or more

beams kept in the shade. The supports for the beams
shall be so placed as to limit the effect of earth
movements around the test pile on the deflection
readings.

The test load shall be applied in increments of 20% of

the specified working load to a maximum test load
equal to twice the specified working load or the ultimate
test load whichever is the smaller.

A load increment may not be applied before the

subsidence or the rate has stabilised at a rate of not
more than 0.10 mm in 20 minutes under the load
applied.

After the load loading has been completed, the

maximum test load shall be maintained until the
movement is less than 0.2 mm within a period of 24
hours. The load shall be removed in decrements of 20%
of the specified working load at intervals of not less than
20 minutes.

After the loading has been removed, the readings on

both meters registering the movement of the pile shall
be recorded accurately to 0.1 mm at intervals of 5.10
and 20 minutes and then every 30 minutes until the
load is changed. The final recovery shall be recorded
24 hours after the maximum test load has been
removed.

During the test, the pile shall be loaded with up to 100%

of the specified working load and the load shall then be
removed. It shall then be loaded to the maximum test
load after which the test load shall be removed.

7118 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

Payment for the Engineer’s laboratory shall be in
accordance with SECTION 1400.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

SERIES 7000: TOLERANCES, TESTING AND For the purposes of this SECTION the following words
and symbols shall have the following meanings:
QUALITY CONTROL
(a) Lot
SECTION 7200: QUALITY A lot is a sizeable portion of work or quantity of material
which is assessed as a unit for the purpose of quality
CONTROL control, and selected to represent material or work
produced by essentially the same process and from
essentially the same materials.
CONTENTS:
CLAUSE PAGE (b) Random Sample
Random samples are test measurements at separate
7201 SCOPE 7000-12 test positions or on separate sample portions obtained
7202 JUDGEMENT PLANS: GENERAL 7000-12 from the lot in an unbiased manner.
7203 DEFINITIONS 7000-12
7204 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 7000-12 (c) Nominal value or specification limit
7205 PROCEDURES AND ACCEPTANCE LIMITS7000-13 This is the limit value of the property of any material
7206 CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE 7000-14 outside which not more than a specified percentage of
7207 ROUTINE TESTS AND INSPECTION BY the population of values representing an acceptable
THE ENGINEER. 7000-15 material is allowed to lie. The nominal value may be a
7208 PROCESS CONTROL BY THE single lower limit or a single upper limit or a double limit
CONTRACTOR 7000-15 consisting of a lower limit and an upper limit.
7209 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 7000-15
(d) Acceptance limit for sample mean
This is the limit value of a product property within which
the sample mean shall lie for a product to be
7201 SCOPE acceptable.
This Section describes the scheme used for
determining, by means of tests and measurements and (e) Acceptance limits for individual test values
by applying statistical judgement plans, whether certain These are the limit values of a product property within
specified requirements in regard to the properties of which the sample values representing a product shall lie
materials and workmanship are being complied with. for the product to be acceptable.

It also covers the requirements in regard to the control (f) Conditional acceptance
to be exercised by the Contractor for monitoring the This is the acceptance of a lot at conditions that specific
quality of his work and materials and the routine tests rectification measures are taken and carried through to
and inspections to be carried out by the Engineer. completion to the satisfaction of the Engineer before the
lot can be approved in the permanent Works and
certified for payment. Conditional acceptance shall be
7202 JUDGEMENT PLANS: GENERAL subject to the provisions of CLAUSE 7202.
Certain requirements and nominal limit values are laid
down in the Specifications in regard to the properties of (g) Outliers
materials and workmanship to be supplied. Tests shall Where, in a sample, one or more test results differ
be conducted and measurements taken for controlling significantly from the other values obtained, this
the relevant properties of the workmanship and difference could be ascribed to an assignable cause if
materials supplied, and the results of such tests and so deemed by the Engineer, in which case such test
measurements shall be assessed on the basis of the result shall be regarded as an outlier and disregarded
prescribed criteria for compliance with the specified when assessing the lot.
requirements.

Wherever possible, acceptance criteria shall be 7204 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

determined by way of statistical principles described in
this Section. Wherever statistical acceptance criteria (a) Determining the lot size
are deemed inappropriate in the opinion of the
Engineer, a specified minimum requirement shall be (i) Road-construction layers
fully complied with. The lot size shall be a section compacted in one
process where essentially the same materials and
Despite acceptance of those properties judged by these construction equipment have been used.
statistical methods, the materials or work submitted will
be rejected when other properties (which are not Where production is on a continuous basis, a lot
controlled by statistical methods) fail to comply with the shall normally mean the product of one day’s work
requirements of the Specifications, or where there are and shall not exceed the product of two full days’
other causes for rejection such as obviously defective work. However, a lot of any smaller size may be
workmanship or excessively variable properties, visible ordered by the Engineer where:
signs of poor workmanship, and similar considerations
which constitute sufficient grounds for rejecting the work (1) The properties under investigation exhibit
without any further testing in the opinion of the abnormal local variation within the normal lot
Engineer. size.
(2) An area is obviously of a different quality than
The Engineer shall be entitled to assess separately any the rest;
specified portion of a lot if, in his opinion, it exhibits (3) The rate of production is very high.
significant deviations as compared with the remainder
of the lot. (ii) Concrete
The lot size shall be determined by the Engineer,
with due regard being given to the size and the type
7203 DEFINITIONS of structure in which the concrete is placed, the
The limit values will depend on the sample sizes and specific portion of the structure, and the total
may be a lower limit L, an upper limit or double limits. quantity of concrete placed in a day. The lot sizes in

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

concrete structures could therefore vary The first and second sets of test values shall then be
considerably, and, particularly in the case of small compared with each other to determine whether their
structures, it could be necessary to combine properties differ significantly.
samples of the same grade of concrete from
different structures at the discretion of the Engineer, Where in the opinion of the Engineer a significant
provided that the concrete has been obtained from difference does occur, the submission of the lot shall be
the same concrete plant and has been cast in the regarded as a first submission and assessed as such,
same period. and only the second set of test values shall then be
used for this purpose.
(iii) Other
In certain cases, as for example in material
stockpiles, others where the definition of a lot in TABLE 7204/1
accordance with this Section does not apply directly VALUES OF T FOR DIFFERENT SAMPLE SIZES
in the opinion of the Engineer, the Engineer will
determine lot sizes in accordance with Number of observations n Critical value T
circumstances pertaining to each case.
1
(b) Random sampling 2
When any lot is tested, whether a normally sized lot or 3
an isolated section that clearly exhibits an abnormal
4 1.46
variation of the properties under consideration, all
samples shall be taken in a random pattern. 5 1.67
6 1.82
For this purpose use shall be made of tables of random
numbers according to standard instructions approved 7 1.94
by the Engineer. 8 2.03
9 2.11
(c) Sample Sizes
For purposes of acceptance control, the Engineer will 10 2.18
determine sample size, i.e. the number of values to be 11 2.23
assessed in a lot.
12 2.29
(d) Outliers 13 2.33
Test results shall be scanned for possible outliers. 14 2.37
Where there is reason to believe that a test result may
be erroneous, it shall, if possible, be re-examined by 15 2.41
further testing, and, if there is reasonable evidence to 16 2.44
suggest that the test result is erroneous, it shall be
17 2.47
regarded as an outlier, rejected and replaced with a
fresh result. 18 2.5
19 2.53
Where reinvestigation of a test result is not possible, the
procedure described below shall be used for identifying 20 2.56
outliers:

Calculate the value of To from

7205 PROCEDURES AND ACCEPTANCE
LIMITS

(a) General
The statistical judgement procedures described below
shall apply to the corresponding product properties for
Where Xn and Sn are the arithmetic mean and the the purpose of acceptance control. Outliers shall be
sample standard deviation respectively, and Xo is the identified, disregarded, and, if possible, replaced at the
value of the test differing most from the mean. discretion of the Engineer.

Compare the value of To with the value of T for the (b) Straight edge measurements
applicable value of n from TABLE 7204/1. Six straightedge measurements shall be taken in the
longitudinal direction and six measurements shall be
If To is greater than T, then Xo is an outlier. taken in the transversal direction every 25 m along the
road or as otherwise directed by the Engineer. The
Every outlier shall be disregarded and replaced by measurements shall be taken at offsets as agreed with
another random test value. The sample mean and the the Engineer. All measurements taken shall fall within
sample standard deviation shall then be recalculated. If the limits given in TABLE 7115/1 including the
an outlier cannot be replaced, the sample mean and the requirement for surface dressing.
standard deviation shall be calculated using the
remaining test results. The final number of test results (c) Surface levels
used in the assessment, after the elimination of outliers, At least 5 points across road shall be taken every 25 m.
shall never be less than three. The levels shall be taken at the centreline, at the edge
of the carriageway and at the edge of the shoulders or
(e) Resubmission as directed by the Engineer. The levels may be taken at
Where a lot has been accepted conditionally, or has shorter intervals than 25 m, see CLAUSE 7303.
been rejected, the Engineer may agree to its
resubmission for approval if it has been rectified to the At least 50, but preferably more, levels shall be
satisfaction of the Engineer. In such case a fresh determined for each lot of completed work The lot will
sample shall be taken, and a fresh (second) set of test be considered to comply with the requirements in
values determined. respect of surface levels if, before any repair work is
undertaken, at least 90% of the level measurements
show a deviation from the specified levels which is

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

smaller than the tolerance specified in TABLE 7115/2

and no measurements fall outside the maximum (3) For a double limit specification, LLs and ULs
allowed deviation Hmax.
LLs + Sn*K < Xn < ULs - Sn*K
Isolated spots, where the surface levels deviate by
more than the appropriate tolerance of the specified Accept the lot if the sample mean satisfies the
levels shall be repaired to bring the deviation to within expression, otherwise reject the lot.
the tolerance.
where
(d) Crossfall and longitudinal slope
All measurements of crossfall and longitudinal slope as Xn is the arithmetic mean of a set of n test results
directed by the Engineer shall fall within the limits given constituting the sample.
in TABLE 7115/3.
Sn is the sample standard deviation defined by:
Isolated spots, where the crossfall and longitudinal
slope deviate by more than the appropriate tolerance of
the specified crossfall shall be repaired to bring the
deviation to within the tolerance.

(e) Layer thickness

At least 20, but preferably more, layer thickness shall where
be determined in accordance with a stratified random
pattern (as defined in SUBCLAUSES 7203(b) and X is the value of an individual sample portion, i.e.
7204(b)) for each lot of completed layer work. Layer an individual test result or measurement.
thickness may not be determined by means of level
measurements, but shall be measured by core drilling n is the number of sample portions, i.e. the number
of excavation of sample pits at locations approved by of individual test results or measurements.
the Engineer.
K is a statistical constant defined by
The lot will be considered to comply with the
requirements for layer thickness if both the following
conditions are fulfilled:
 at least 90% of all the thickness measurements
taken before any thickness repairs are made are
equal to or greater than the specified nominal where
thickness, minus the T90 tolerance specified in
TABLE 7115/4. t is the Student's t.
 the mean layer thickness of the lot is not less than
the specified nominal thickness The value of K is dependent on the number of sample
portions in the sample and the acceptance criteria. The
(f) Relative compaction of earthworks and acceptance criteria normally used where statistical
pavement layers control of materials and workmanship are applied is that
At least the following number of relative density the specification limit, Ls, is satisfied for more than 90%
determinations shall be taken in a random pattern (as of the lot and that the risk of accepting a lot that does
defined in SUBCLAUSES 7203(b) and 7204(b)) on each not satisfy the specified requirement is less than 10%.
section or as directed by the Engineer and assessed as
a lot: The value of K determined according to the above
 Roadbed, fill: 3 tests criteria is given in TABLE 7205/1.
 Improved subgrade layers,
gravel wearing course: 4 tests (g) Cementitious binder content of cemented layers
 Subbase 5 tests
 Base course, surfacing: 6 tests (i) Method

After outliers have been examined and replaced as (1) Take 50 samples according to a random pattern
directed by the Engineer, compliance with the specified (as defined in SUBCLAUSES 7203(b) and
density requirements shall be determined by the 7204(b)) and determine their cementitious
statistical method specified below unless a fixed binder content.
minimum average value and/or absolute minimum value (2) Examine the results for outliers and replace
has been specified for the compaction elsewhere in them if any in the opinion of the Engineer.
these Specifications.
(ii) Analysis
The lot will be considered to comply with the The lot will be considered to comply with the
requirements for field density if the following conditions requirements for cementitious binder content if the
are fulfilled: following conditions are both fulfilled:

(1) For a lower limit specification, LLs (1) The mean cementitious-binder content shall be
not less than 91% of the specified binder
Xn > LLs + Sn*K content.
(2) The cementitious binder content in not more
Accept the lot if the sample mean satisfies the than 12 of the 50 samples may be lower than
expression, otherwise reject the lot. 70% of the specified binder content.

(2) For an upper limit specification, ULs

Xn < ULs - Sn*K

Accept the lot if the sample mean satisfies the

expression, otherwise reject the lot.

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TABLE 7205/1:
VALUES OF STUDENT’S-T AND K FOR DIFFERENT SAMPLE (i) Method
SIZES Take at least the minimum number of samples as
given in Table 7205/3 according to a random
pattern (as defined in SUBCLAUSES 7203(b) and
n Student's-t 7204(b)) and make test cubes. Test them for cube
compressive strength after 28 days.
3 1.89 1.09
4 1.64 0.82 TABLE 7205/3
5 1.53 0.68 MINIMUM NUMBER OF TESTS OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
FOR COMPRESSION STRENGTH
6 1.48 0.60
7 1.44 0.54 Volume of lot (m3) Minimum number of
8 1.42 0.50 tests in lot 1)
9 1.40 0.47 0 – 20 4
21 – 40 6
10 1.38 0.44
41 – 70 9
11 1.37 0.41
71 – 100 12
12 1.36 0.39
101 – 150 14
13 1.36 0.38
> 150 16
14 1.35 0.36
1) Each test consists of the average value of a set of
15 1.34 0.35
three cubes.
16 1.34 0.34
17 1.34 0.32 (ii) Analysis
Examine the results for outliers and disregard as
18 1.33 0.31
required in the opinion of the Engineer. The results
19 1.33 0.31 are then assessed according to the criteria set out
below. A lot will comply with the requirements for
the characteristic strength denoted X, if it meets the
(h) Binder content of bituminous mixes following requirements by using the acceptance
factors A and B given in TABLE 7205/4:
(i) Method
(1) Take at least four specimens of bituminous mix  Mean value: minimum ( X + A )
in a random pattern (as defined in SUBCLAUSES  Single test value: minimum ( X - B )
7203(b) and 7204(b)) and determine the binder
content.
(2) Examine the results and replace any outliers as TABLE 7205/4
directed by the Engineer. Determine the sample ACCEPTANCE FACTORS FOR STRENGTH OF STRUCTURAL
mean and assess the lot by using the following CONCRETE
criteria.
Number of Acceptance factors for strength of
(ii) Analysis tests in lot structural concrete
The binder content of bituminous mixes shall A B
not deviate from the specified binder content by (MPa) (MPa)
more than the values given in Table 7205/2 or 3 2.7 3.9
according to the Special Specifications. 4 2.7 4.2
5 2.6 4.5
TABLE 7205/2 6 2.5 4.7
ACCEPTANCE LIMITS FOR BITUMINOUS BINDER CONTENT 7 2.4 4.9
IN MIXES
8 2.3 5.0
Number of Maximum deviation from the 9 2.2 5.2
tests in lot specified binder content 10 2.1 5.3
(% of binder)
11 1.9 5.4
Sample mean Single values
12 1.7 5.5
2 0.37 0.54
13 1.4 5.6
3 0.33 0.58
14 1.1 5.7
4 0.30 0.60
15 0.5 5.8
5 0.28 0.62
6 0.27 0.64
7 0.26 0.65
8 or more 0.25 0.66

(i) Concrete cube compressive strength, 28-day

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

(j) Relative compaction of Superpave TM Layers (d) Resubmission

Where a lot has been accepted conditionally or has
The relative compaction (U) of Superpave layers shall
TM
been rejected, the Engineer may agree to its
be determined by employing the following equation: resubmission for approval if it has been reworked and
the Engineer is satisfied that a proper attempt was
made to improve the properties that were unacceptable.
A fresh sample shall be taken, and a fresh (second) set
of test values determined. The first and second sets of
test values shall then be compared with each other to
determine whether their properties differ significantly.
Where: Where in the opinion of the Engineer a significant
difference does occur, the submission of the lot shall be
Xn is the sample mean
regarded as a first submission and assessed as such,
t is the Student’s t (refer to Table 7205/1) and only the second set of test values shall then be
used for this purpose.
Sn is the standard deviation
n is the number of samples
7207 ROUTINE TESTS AND INSPECTION BY
THE ENGINEER
7206 CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE The Engineer will at regular intervals inspect and test
materials and completed work for compliance with the
(a) General specified requirements, and, where applicable the
Where a lot is rejected under a statistical judgement, various specified judgement plans will be applied. The
plan described in this Section, but the test results are testing frequencies and sample and lot sizes for routine
such that the lot complies with the requirements for testing shall be at the Engineer’s discretion.
conditional acceptance specified in this Clause, the
Engineer may accept the lot conditionally. The Engineer All sections of completed work shall be submitted to the
shall then apply a number of conditions for rectification Engineer for routine inspection and testing, and the
of the layer at his own discretion for the product to be Contractor shall not cover up or construct any work on
approved and certified for payment. Conditional top of sections of completed work before being advised
acceptance shall be the sole discretion of the Engineer by the Engineer of the outcome of his tests and
and is not an option which may be exercised by the inspection. The Contractor shall arrange the submission
Contractor or a right he may claim. of work for testing in a manner as will afford the
Engineer reasonable opportunity for inspecting and
The Contractor shall have the option to remove and testing.
reinstate completely at his own cost conditionally
accepted work with work which complies with the
requirements. 7208 PROCESS CONTROL BY THE
CONTRACTOR
(b) Application The requirements of Clause 1205 shall apply in respect
Conditional acceptance may be applied in respect of of the Contractor's obligation to institute and implement
the properties of structures as shown in TABLE 7206/1. a control system for monitoring the quality of the work
and materials supplied.
(c) Criteria
Properties to which conditional acceptance may apply For continuous concrete and asphalt-production
in accordance with this Section shall comply with the processes, the Engineer may order the Contractor to
following criteria. Two requirements shall always apply augment the above control system by introducing a
to the acceptance, one in relation to the sample mean process-control system for monitoring the various
and one in relation to individual tests value. A lot may properties to be controlled. The specific system to be
be conditionally accepted when it complies with one of applied shall be subject to the Engineer's approval.
the two requirements for acceptance according to the
statistical judgement., but not with the other. The Contractor shall take immediate steps to rectify any
deviation from the specified requirements indicated by
his process-control system, and the Engineer shall have
TABLE 7206/1 the right to inspect and be given all details of tests and
PROPERTIES TO WHICH CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE MAY testing procedures in order to satisfy himself that the
APPLY Contractor is implementing adequate process-control
system.
Property Structure

Relative  Bituminous base course or 7209 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

compaction surfacing No separate measurement or payments apply to this
 Cemented layers Section.
 Plant mixed, paver laid layers
Bituminous Layers of bituminous mixes
binder content
Cementitious Cemented layers
binder content
28-day cube All structural concrete (excepting
strength concrete pavements
Levels Earthworks and pavement layers

Layer Earthworks and pavement layers

thickness

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

SERIES 7000: TOLERANCES, TESTING AND After completion of the setting out and site clearance
the Contractor shall take ground cross sections at
QUALITY CONTROL intervals of 25 m along the road centreline and along
the centreline of all culverts and structures. These shall
SECTION 7300: SETTING OUT be plotted to a natural scale of 1:100 on a stable
transparent material or other approved material and a
AND TOLERANCES copy of the plot submitted to the Engineer for
agreement. If the Contractor fails to take requisite
levels, levels determined by the Engineer shall be taken
CONTENTS: as correct.
CLAUSE PAGE The Contractor shall programme for a period of 30 days
7301 SCOPE 7000-17 between submitting the ground cross sections and
7302 GENERAL 7000-17 being issued with final road, culvert and structure levels.
7303 DETAILED SETTING OUT 7000-17 A minimum 5 km section of road shall be submitted, but
7304 TOLERANCES 7000-17 where the Contractor submits cross sections for more
7305 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 7000-18 than 10 km of road within the same 30 day period the
initial 30 days shall be extended by 30 days for each
additional 10 km or part thereof. Final road, culvert or
structure levels will be determined by the Engineer and
7301 SCOPE may be different from the levels shown on the
This Section covers the procedures for setting out and Drawings.
gives the limits for geometric tolerances for earthworks
and layer work. On receipt of the final road levels the Contractor shall
mark up the details on the transparencies and the
original and one print of the cross-sections shall be
provided free of charge by the Contractor for the
7302 GENERAL Engineer.
The Engineer will provide sufficient basic survey
information to enable the contractor to set out the works On completion of the earthworks but before starting
and the Contractor shall be responsible for setting out formation or pavement layers the Contractor shall
all necessary reference points and for the maintenance establish steel pins at a constant offset to the edges of
thereof. the carriageway shoulders. The offset may however
vary between sections in cut and those in fill. The steel
The Contractor shall satisfy himself as to the accuracy pins will be clearly and indelibly marked with all the
in line, level and dimension of the basic survey and relevant information necessary to directly establish the
setting out details provided and should the Contractor centreline and level at any point across the carriageway
discover any error in the information provided by the by using either boning rods or a string line.
Engineer, he should at once notify the Engineer. If the
information is confirmed to be in error the Engineer will The interval between pins shall not be more that 12.5 m
issue amended drawings or instructions regarding the and the pins shall be maintained by the Contractor for
correction of the error. as long as they are needed by the Engineer to check
the work.
Prior to commencing construction, the Contractor shall
establish the road reserve boundary posts, or if no
boundary posts are instructed, then the Contractor shall
establish reference points to define the road reserve at 7304 TOLERANCES
100 m intervals on both sides.
(a) General
The Contractor shall establish temporary benchmarks In addition to the requirements set out in this Clause
along the road at intervals not exceeding 200 m and attention is drawn to the requirements of CLAUSE 7115
shall provide the Engineer with a schedule of their which shall all be fulfilled.
levels and locations.
(b) Horizontal alignments
The Contractor shall not remove, damage, alter or Horizontal alignments shall be determined from the
destroy in any way plot beacons or survey beacons. centreline of the pavement surface as constructed, and
Should the Contractor consider that any beacon will be all other parallel alignments shall be corrected within a
interfered with by the works he shall notify the Engineer tolerance of ±13 mm therefrom.
who, if he considers necessary, will make arrangements
for the removal and replacement of the beacon. (c) Thickness of pavement layers
The thickness of any pavement layer as specified or
If the Contractor removes or disturbs a beacon without ordered by the Engineer, measured at five points in any
permission of the Engineer, he shall be liable for the full length of 100 m, shall meet the requirements given in
cost of its replacement and any legal consequences TABLE 7115/4.
thereof.
(d) Surface levels of payment layers and formation
The level measured at any point on the surface of a
pavement layer or the formation level shall not deviate
7303 DETAILED SETTING OUT from the corresponding level calculated from the
The Contractor shall set out the line and level of the Drawings by more than the tolerances shown in TABLE
works at intervals of not more than 25 m or such lesser 7115/2.
intervals as are required to construct the Works to the
tolerances specified in this Specification. Reference For checking compliance with TABLE 7115/2
pegs and batter rails clearly and indelibly marked with measurements of surface levels will be taken at points
all the relevant information shall be provided clear of the to be selected by the Engineer at 12.5 m centres
road and at right angles to it from which the centreline, longitudinally and at 2 m centres transversely. At
level and batter slope can be directly established at any junctions, the grid point spacing shall be determined by
time. These shall be maintained by the Contractor for the Engineer.
as long as they are needed to check the work.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

(e) Surface regularity The tolerance permitted in the width of the bottom of
The surface regularity of pavement layers and the cuttings shall be 200 mm between the centreline of the
formation shall be tested at points decided by the road and the toe of the cutting slope.
Engineer with a rigid, steel straightedge 3 m long
placed at any angle to the centreline of the road. The The width of embankments measured as the horizontal
maximum allowable deviation of the surface below the distance from the centreline of the road to the top of the
straightedge shall be as given in TABLE 7115/1. embankment shall not be less than that shown on the
Drawing or more than that shown on the Drawings plus
In addition the longitudinal slope or transverse crossfall 0.25 m.
shall not deviate from that shown on the Drawings by
more than the tolerances given in TABLE 7115/3. (i) Depth of side drains
The depth of side drains measured as the vertical
(f) Shoulders height difference from the centreline of the finished
Shoulders shall be constructed to the same thickness, pavement and the invert of the side drain shall not be
level and surface regularity requirements as for the less than that shown on the Drawings nor more than
adjacent pavement layers. that shown on the Drawings plus 0.15 m.

(g) Cutting and embankment slopes

In the final trimmed slope of cuttings a tolerance of 7305 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT
+0.25 will be permitted, i.e. if a slope of 1 in 2 is No separate payment shall be made for work described
specified, the acceptable slope shall be not steeper in this Section.
than 1 in 2 or slacker than 1 in 2.25
Notwithstanding the provisions in this Specification,
In the final trimmed slopes of embankments, a measurement and payment for earthworks and
tolerance of +0.25 will be permitted, i.e. if the specified pavement works shall be made on the basis of the net
slope is 1 in 2, the acceptable slope shall be not cross-section Drawings or as ordered by the Engineer
steeper than 1 in 2 or slacker than 1 in 2.25. and no additional payment shall be made in respect of
variation within or without the specified tolerances.
(h) Width of cuttings and embankments
SERIES 7000: TOLERANCES, TESTING AND Where the width of a cutting is less than, and the width
of an embankment more than, the specified width then
QUALITY CONTROL the cutting or embankment shall be trimmed to the
specified width. Where the width of a cutting is more
SECTION 7400: RECTIFICATION than, and the width of an embankment is less than, the
specified width then the embankment or cutting shall be
OF EARTHWORKS AND benched and fill material placed and compacted and the
slopes shall be trimmed all in accordance with the
PAVEMENT LAYERS OUTSIDE requirements of this Specification.
PERMITTED GEOMETRIC Where the depth of a side drain is less than that
TOLERANCES specified the side drain shall be trimmed to the
specified depth. Where the depth of a side drain is more
than specified the side drain shall be backfilled with fill
material compacted to a dry density of at least 90%
CONTENTS: MDD of BS-Heavy up to the specified depth.
CLAUSE PAGE
7401 SCOPE 7000-19 Where the results of the construction control tests are
7402 RECTIFICATION MEASURES 7000-19 less than that specified the full depth of the layer shall
7403 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 7000-19 be reworked to specification. The area treated shall be
the whole section submitted for approval or, following a
retest, a length of at least 50 m both sides of each test
and retest failure or such area to be determined by the
Engineer as necessary to obtain compliance with this
7401 SCOPE Specification.
This Section sets out the methods for rectification of
earthworks and pavement layers constructed outside (b) Improved subgrade layers
permitted geometric tolerances. Where any tolerances Where the levels or widths are out of tolerance then the
in SECTION 7300 are exceeded, the Contractor shall full depth of the layer shall be reworked to specification.
determine the full extent of the area which is out of The area treated shall be at least 12.5 m long and 3 m
tolerance and shall make good the surface of the wide or such area to be determined by the Engineer as
pavement course, earthworks or formation in the necessary to obtain compliance with this Specification.
manner described below.
Where the results of the construction control tests are
less than that specified the full depth of the layer shall
7402 RECTIFICATION MEASURES be reworked to specification. The area treated shall be
the whole section submitted for approval or following a
(a) Earthworks excluding improved subgrade retest a length of at least 50 m both sides of each test
layers and retest, failure.
Where a cutting slope is steeper, and an embankment
slope is slacker, than the specified slope then the slope (c) Base course and subbase
shall be trimmed to the specified slope. Where a cutting Where the levels or widths are out of tolerance and the
slope in slacker, and an embankment slope is steeper, courses consist of unbound (i.e. natural or graded
than the specified slope then the slope shall be stone) material, the full depth of the material shall be
benched and fill material placed and compacted and the reworked to specification. The area treated shall be at
slope shall be trimmed all in accordance with least 30 m long and 3 m wide or such area to the
requirements of SERIES 3000 and any other relevant determined by the Engineer as necessary to obtain
part of this Specification. compliance with this Specification.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

Where the courses consist of cement or lime treated

material or lean concrete the full depth of the layer shall
be removed from the pavement and replaced to
specification. The area treated shall be at least 5m long
and the full width of the paving laid in one operation. If
areas are corrected within 7 days of laying no
construction traffic or compaction plant shall use the
surrounding satisfactory areas during that period.

For bituminous bases the full depth of layer shall be

removed and replaced with fresh material laid and
compacted to specification. Any area so treated shall be
at least 5 m long and the full width of the paving laid in
one operation.

Where the results of the construction control tests for

any of the base or subbase materials are less than that
specified, the full depth of the layer shall be reworked to
specification in case of unbound material and removed
and replaced to specification in case of cemented and
bituminous materials. The area treated shall be the
whole section submitted for approval or, following a
retest, such area to be determined by the Engineer as
necessary to obtain compliance with the Specification.

(d) Asphalt concrete surfacing

Where the levels or widths are out of tolerance the full
depth of the layer shall be removed and replaced with
fresh material laid and compacted to specification. The
area rectified shall be the full width of the paving laid in
one operation and at least 15 m long.

Where the results of the construction control tests for

the wearing course are less than that specified the full
depth of the layer shall be removed and replaced to
specification. The area treated shall be the whole
section submitted for approval or, following a retest,
such area to be determined by the Engineer as
necessary to obtain compliance with the Specification.

7403 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

No additional payment will be made for work described
in this Section.

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

SERIES 7000: TOLERANCES, TESTING AND 7501 INSTITUTIONS

QUALITY CONTROL  Central Materials Laboratory (CML) of Ministry of
Works, Housing and Communications, Uganda.
 Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS)
SECTION 7500: SPECIFICATIONS  American Association of State Highway and
Transport Officials (AASHTO)
AND TEST METHODS  American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
 British Standards Institute (BS)
CONTENTS:  European Standards (BS EN)
CLAUSE PAGE  Standard Coordination Specification (CKS)
 Deutshe Ingineur Norme (DIN)
7501 INSTITUTIONS 7000-20  South African Bureau of Standards (SABS)
7502 STANDARDS AND TEST METHODS7000-20  Southern African Bitumen and Tar Association
7503 ADDRESSES 7000-24 (SABITA)
 Swedish Standard (SIS)
 Technical Methods for Highways (TMH)
 Technical Recommendations for Highways (TRH)
 International Standards Organisation (ISO)

7502 STANDARDS AND TEST METHODS

(a) Test methods

(i) Tests on Soils and Gravel:

Name of Test Standard Test Method

Moisture Content BS 1377: Part 2: 1990

Liquid Limit (Cone Penetrometer) BS 1377: Part 2: 1990
Plastic Limit & Plasticity Index BS 1377: Part 2: 1990
Linear Shrinkage BS 1377: Part 2: 1990
Particle Density Determination – Pycnometer BS 1377: Part 2: 1990
Particle Density Determination BS 7755-5.3/ISO 11508
Bulk Density for undisturbed samples BS 1377: Part 2: 1990
Determination of dry bulk density ISO 11272: 1998
Particle Size Distribution BS 1377: Part 2: 1990
Particle Size Distribution - Hydrometer Method BS 1377: Part 2: 1990
Compaction Test - BS Light and BS Heavy BS 1377: Part 4: 1990
Unsoaked CBR Test - One Point Method BS 1377: Part 4: 1990
Unsoaked CBR Test - Three Point Method BS 1377: Part 4: 1990
Soaked CBR Test - One point method BS 1377: Part 4: 1990
Soaked CBR Test - Three Point Method BS 1377: Part 4: 1990
Consolidation Test - Oedometer BS 1377: Part 5: 1990
Triaxial Test BS 1377: Part 7: 1990
Shear Box Test BS 1377: Part 7: 1990
Permeability Test - Constant Head BS 1377: Part 5: 1990
Organic Content - Ignition Loss Method BS 1377: Part 3: 1990
Crumb Test BS 1377: Part 5: 1990
pH Value (pH meter) BS 1377: Part 3: 1990
Sulphate carbonate content BS 1377: Part 3
Chloride content BS 1377: Part 2
Durability test BS 1377: Part 5
Field density BS 1377: Part 9
In situ tests: sand replacement, CBR testing, vane shear strength, cone penetrometer BS 1377: Part 9
and plate bearing test
Determination of water retention characteristics BS 7755-5.5
Sampling, sample preparation and tests on materials before stabilisation BS 1924: Part 1
Preparation of Stabilised Samples for UCS BS1924:Part 2:1990
Compaction Test and UCS of Stabilised Materials BS1924:Part 2:1990
Initial Consumption of Lime - ICL US 288:2001 or BS 1924:Part 2:1990
Quicklime, hydrated lime and natural calcium carbonate-methods of physical testing BS 6463 : Part 103

(ii) Tests on Aggregates

Name of Test Standard Test Method

Guide to sampling and testing aggregates BS 812: Part 101 and BS 5835
Methods of sampling US 145:2000 or BS 812: Part 102
Determination of physical properties US 146:2000
Moisture content of aggregates BS 812: Part 109:1990 and BS 5835
Relative density BS EN 1097-3: Part 3: 1998
Determination of loose bulk density and air voids BS EN 1097-3: Part 3: 1998

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

Name of Test Standard Test Method

Water absorption BS EN 1097-3: Part 3: 1998

Determination of voids of dry compacted filler BS EN 1097-4: Part 4: 1999
Determination of resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres – Nordic test BS EN 1097-9: Part 9: 1999
Sieve tests on aggregates BS 812: Part 103.1: 1985
Flakiness Index (FI) BS EN 933-3: 1997
Elongation Index BS 812: Section 105.2:1990
Average Least Dimension (ALD) US 144:2000 or BS EN 933-3: 1997
Particle Shape Index US 144:2000 or BS EN 933-4: Part 4
Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) BS 812: Part 110: 1990
Ten Percent Fines Value (TFV) BS 812: Part 111: 1990
Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) - Standard BS 812: Part 112: 1990
Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) - Modified BS 812: Part 112: 1990
Los Angeles Abrasion Test (LAA) ASTM C535-89 and BS 812: Part 113
Polished Stone Value BS 812: Part 114
Determination of percentage of crushed & broken surfaces in coarse aggregate BS EN 933-5: Part 5: 1998
particles
Determination of shell content - percentage shells in coarse aggregate BS EN 933-7: Part 7
Assessment of fines – Grading of fillers (Airjet filing) BS EN 933-10: 2001
Determination of grading requirements BS 882
Determination of resistance to wear (mico-Deval) BS EN 1097-1: Part 1: 1998
Determination of resistance to fragmentation BS EN 1097-2: Part 2: 1998
Sodium Soundness Test (SSS) ASTM C88-90
Sulphate Content BS 812: Part 118
Magnesium Sulphate test BS EN 1367-2: Part 2
“Sonnenbrand” boiling test BS EN 1367-3: Part 3
Determination of Drying and Shrinkage BS EN 1367-4: Part 4
Aggregate Soundness BS 812: Part 121
Alkali-Silica Reactivity BS 812: Part 123: 1999
Tests for filler aggregates used in bituminous mixes – Delta ring and ball BS EN 13179-1: Part 1: 2000
Tests for filler aggregates used in bituminous mixes – Bitumen number BS EN 13179-1: Part 2: 2000

(ii) Tests on Concrete

Name of Test Standard Test Method

TESTING CEMENT
Determination of strength US 100-1/ EAS 148-1: Part 1
Chemical analysis of cement US 100-2 / EAS 148-2: Part 2
Determination of standard consistency, setting time and soundness US 100-3 / EAS 148-3: Part 3
Determination of chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content US 100-4 / EAS 148-8: Part 4
Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements soundness US 100-5:2001 / EAS 148-5: Part 5
Determination of fineness US 100-6:2001 / EAS 148-6: Part 6
Methods of taking and preparing samples of cement US 100-7:2001 / EAS 148-7

TESTING FRESH CONCRETE

Sampling BS EN 12350-1: Part 1: 2000
Slump Test BS 1881: Part 102: 1983
Vebe test BS EN 12350-3: Part 3
Making of Concrete Test Cubes BS 1881: Part 108: 1983
Concrete Cube Strength BS 1881: Part 116: 1983
Degree of Compactibility BS EN 12350-4: Part 4: 2000
Flow Table test BS EN 12350-5: Part 5
Determination of density BS EN 12350-6: Part 6: 2000
Air Content BS 1881: Part 106: 1983
Measuring fibre content in fresh glass fibre reinforced concrete BS EN 1170-2: Part 2

TESTING HARDENED CONCRETE

Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds BS EN 12390-1: Part 1: 2000
Making and curing specimens for strength tests BS EN 12390-2: Part 2: 2000
Compressive strength of test specimens BS EN 12390-3: Part 3: 2002
BS 1881: Part 116: 1983
Flexural strength of test specimens BS EN 12390-5: Part 5: 2000
Tensile splitting strength of test specimens BS EN 12390-6: Part 6: 2000
Density of hardened concrete BS EN 12390-7: Part 7: 2000
Depth of penetration of water under pressure BS EN 12390-8: Part 8: 2000
Cored specimens – taking, examining and testing in compression BS EN 12504-1: Part 2: 2000
Method of normal curing of test specimens BS 1881: Part 111: 1983
Method for testing cement in a reference concrete BS 1881: Part 131: 1983

(iv) Tests on Asphalt and Bituminous Materials

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

Name of Test Standard Test Method

Sampling Bituminous mixes BS 598: Part 100

Preconditioning of bitumen samples prior to mixing or testing NPRA 014 Test 14.511
Density of Bituminous Binders ASTM D70-97
Flash and Fire Point by Cleveland Open Cup ASTM D92-90
Thin-Film Oven Test (TFOT) ASTM D1754-87
Rotating Thin-Film Oven Test (RTFOT) AASHTO T 240
Penetration of Bituminous Materials ASTM D5-86 or BS 2000: Part 49
Softening Point Test ASTM D36-70 or BS 2000: Part 58
Ductility ASTM D113-86
Viscosity Determination using the Brookfield Thermosel Apparatus ASTM D4402-91 or BS 2000: Part 72
Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts AASHTO T 201 or ASTM D 2170
Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum capillary Viscometer AASHTO T 202 or ASTM D 2171
Density and Water Absorption of Aggregates Retrieved on a 4.75 mm Sieve ASTM C127-88
Density and Water Absorption of Aggregates Passing the 4.75 mm Sieve ASTM C128-88
Calibration of Glass Pycnometers (0.5-1 litre) NPRA 014 Test 14.5922
Mixing of Test Specimens; Hot Bituminous Mixes NPRA 014 Test 14.5532
Determination of Maximum Theoretical Density of Asphalt Mixes ASTM D2041-95 and D4469-85
and Absorption of Binder into Aggregates
Bulk Density of Saturated Surface Dry Asphalt Mix Samples ASTM D2726-96
Bulk Density of Paraffin-Coated Asphalt Mix Samples ASTM D1188-89
Bulk Density of Asphalt Mix Samples, Calliper Measurements NPRA 014 test 14.5622
Calculation of Void Content in Bituminous Mixes ASTM D3203 and AASHTO pp19-93
Marshall Test ASTM D1559-89
Marshall Mix Design ASTM D1559-89
TRL Overseas Road Note 31,
Refusal Density Mix Design
Appendix D: 1990
Methods of test of the design of wearing course asphalt BS 598: Part 107
Methods for the determination of the condition of binder on coated chippings and for the
BS 598: Part 108
measurement of the rate of spread of coated chippings
Methods for the measurement of temperature of bituminous mixtures BS 598: Part 109
Temperature Measurement BS EN 12697 – 13: Part 13: 2000
Methods of test for the determination of density and compaction BS 598: Part 104
ASTM D3967 and NPRA 014 Test
Indirect Tensile Strength Test
14.554
Determination of Binder Content and Aggregate Grading by Extraction ASTM D2172-88, Method B
BS EN 12697 – 1: Part 1: 2000
Bitumen Recovery : rotary evaporator soluble binder content BS EN 12697 – 3: Part 3: 2000
Bitumen Recovery : fractionating column BS EN 12697 – 4: 2000
Water Content BS EN 12697 – 27: Part 14: 2000
Sampling BS EN 12697 – 27: Part 27: 2001
Distillation of cut back asphalt (bituminous) products BS 2000: Part 27
Frass breaking point of bitumen BS 2000: Part 80
Methods of testing plastics BS 2782: Part 3
Resin compositions-method for preparation of test specimens BS 6319: Part 1
Raw and vulcanised rubber-chemical tests BS 7164: Various dates
Plastics/rubber – Polymer dispersions and rubber lattices- Determination of residual
monomers and other organic components by capillary chromatography BS ISO 13741: 1998
Plastics and Liquid epoxy resins- Determination of tendency to crystallise BS ISO 4895: 1997
Effect of Water on Bituminous Coated Aggregates, Boiling Test ASTM D3625-96

(b) Uganda National Bureau of Standards (UNBS) (c) American Association of State Highway and
US 100 Cement - methods of testing Transport Officials (AASHTO)
US 101: 2000 Aggregates from natural sources M – 85 Ordinary Portland cement
for concrete M – 140 Bituminous prime coat
US 104: 1993 Pozzolanas for use with lime M – 153 Joint filler
US 144: 2000 Aggregates-particle size and M – 154 Air entraining agents.
particle shape determination M – 173 Thermoplastic hot poured sealant
US 145: 2000 Aggregates-methods of sampling M – 194 Concrete Admixtures
US 146: 2000 Aggregates-determination of M – 213 Joint filler
physical properties M – 216 Road lime
US 288: 2001 Lime for soil stabilisation M – 240 Portland blast furnace cement
US 290: 2001 Glossary terms used in lime T – 87 Atterberg limits test method
products T – 89 Atterberg limits test method
US 310: 2001 Compositions, specifications, T – 90 Atterberg limits test method
conformity criteria and evaluation T – 132 Sealant tests
for common cements T – 180 Maximum dry density test method
US 320: 2001 Cement-Definition of terminologies
US 401: 1993 Reflective sheeting materials for (d) American Society for Testing and Materials
traffic control signs (ASTM)
A – 252-68 Pile castings
C – 156 Curing agents

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GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

C – 260 Air entraining agents BS – 6677 Clay and calcium silicate paver for
C – 309 Curing agents flexible pavements
C – 494 Concrete admixtures BS – 6699 Ground granulated blast-furnace slag
C – 719 Sealant tests for use with Portland cement
C – 920 Thermosetting chemically cured sealant BS – 6717 Precast concrete paving blocks
C – 227-90 Test method for alkali reactivity of BS – 7263 Precast concrete kerbs, edgings,
aggregates channels and quadrants
D – 36 Bitumen tests (Softening point) Bs – 7373 Preparation of specifications
D – 244 Bitumen tests (binder content test) BS – 7533 Pavement design-clay or concrete
D – 1557 Maximum dry density tests pavers
D – 4402 Bitumen tests (dynamic viscosity) BS – 7583 Portland and Limestone cement
BS – 7755 Soil quality
(e) British Standards Institute (BS) BS – 7850 Total Quality Management
BS – 4 Structural steel hot rolled sections BS – 7903 Selection and use of gully trops and
BS – 63 Road aggregates manholes
BS – 76 Tars BS – 8000 Code of practice for concrete work
BS – 162 Working under power lines BS – 8004 Code of practice for foundations
BS – 146 Portland blast furnace cement with BS – 8006 Strengthened / reinforced soils and
strength properties outside the scope of other fills
BS EN 197 BS – 8110 Structural use of concrete
BS – 410 Test sieves for particle analysis
Bs – 434 Bitumen road emulsions (f) Standard Coordination Specification (CKS)
BS – 594 Hot rolled asphalt CKS – 82 Steel sections
BS – 470 Aluminium plate CKS – 176 Corrugated metal culverts
BS – 709 Welding CKS – 191 Retro-reflective materials
BS – 812 Fillers for asphalt CKS – 192 Retro-reflective road marking paint
BS – 873 Traffic signs, road studs and bollards CKS – 388 Natural rubber water stops
BS – 881 VEBE test BS - 915 High alumina CKS – 389 PVC rubber water stops
cement CKS – 437 Corrugated metal culverts
BS – 970 Stainless steel CKS – 564 Bonding liquid for concrete surfaces
BS – 1134 Stainless steel plate CKS – 592 Barbed tape concertina wire
BS – 1154 Natural rubber
BS – 1474 Aluminium sections (g) Deutshe Ingineur Norme (DIN)
BS – 1707 Hot binder distributors for road surface DIN – 52013 Bitumen tests (ductility and elastic
dressing recovery)
BS – 1721 Fire extinguishers
BS – 1780 Pressure gauges (h) South African Bureau of Standards (SABS)
BS – 2499 Hot applied joint sealants SABS – 044 Welding procedures
BS – 2752 Synthetic rubber SABS – 064 Abrasive blasting
BS – 2994 Cold rolled steel sections SABS – 094 Holes for friction grip fasteners
BS – 3262 Hot applied thermoplastic road marking SABS – 0100 Concrete cores
materials SABS – 0142 Electrical installations
BS – 3662 Plastic road marking paint SABS – 0162 Design of work/codes of practice
BS – 3690 Specification of bitumens for road SABS – 05 Timber treatment
purposes SABS – 82 Steel reinforcing bars
BS – 3837 Joint filler (rigid foams) SABS – 92 Roofing felt (bridge bearings)
BS – 3892 Pulverised fuel ash SABS – 113 pH test (Water)
BS – 3921 Clay bricks SABS – 134 Paint
BS – 4246 Low heat Portland blast-furnace cement SABS – 135 Bolts and nuts
BS – 4254 Joint sealant SABS – 136 Bolts and nuts
BS – 4360 Structural steel SABS – 141 Paint thickness test
BS – 4447 Anchorages and couplers SABS – 202 Chloride content (Water)
BS – 4486 High tensile alloy steel bars SABS – 212 Sulphate content (Water)
BS – 4840 Joint filler (rigid foams) SABS – 213 Total dissolved solids (Water)
BS – 4987 Coated macadams for roads and other SABS – 227 Bricks
paved areas SABS – 307 Penetration grade bitumen
BS – 5047 Polymised types of butadiene rubber SABS – 308 Prime
(BR) SABS – 309 Bitumen emulsion
BS – 5075 Concrete admixtures SABS – 435 Rivets
BS – 5268 Timber SABS – 455 Welding electrodes
BS – 5135 Welding SABS – 457 Timber Posts
BS – 5212 Cold applied joint sealants SABS – 471 Ordinary Portland Cement
BS – 5328 Specifying concrete SABS – 533 Pipes
Bs – 5273 Dense tar surfacing SABS – 538 Timber treatment
BS – 5400 Bridge bearings SABS – 539 Timber treatment
BS – 5750 Quality systems SABS – 548 Bitumen emulsion
BS – 5896 Steel wire SABS – 558 Manhole covers
BS – 5911 Precast concrete pipes SABS – 626 Portland blast-furnace cement
BS – 5930 Site investigation SABS – 630 Finishing coats (paint)
BS – 6031 Earthworks SABS – 634 Finishing coats (paint)
BS – 6044 Rubber lattices SABS – 657 Steel tubes
BS – 6088 Glass beads SABS – 673 Timber treatment
BS – 6089 Concrete strength in existing structures SABS – 675 Wire
BS – 6543 Recycling SABS – 677 Pipes
BS – 6572 Specification for High Density SABS – 679 Primer (paint)
Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes SABS – 681 Undercoat (paint)
BS – 6588 Portland pulverised fuel ash cements SABS – 684 Finishing coats (paint)
BS – 6610 Pozzolanic pulverised fuel ash cement SABS – 723 Primer (paint)
SABS – 731 Road marking paint

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA, MINISTRY OF WORKS, HOUSING AND COMMUNICATIONS PAGE 7000 - 25
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

SABS – 741 Sulphate content (cementitious binders) BS EN 125 Gully and manhole tops-loading,
SABS – 748 Prime design and dimensions
SABS – 1519 Paint BS EN 197 Cement-Composition,
SABS – 1555 Delineation signs specifications, conformity criteria
SABS – 1580 Wire mesh and conformity evaluation
SABS – 749 Prime BS EN 206 Concrete-guidance to
SABS – 754 Timber posts specifier/specification for the
SABS – 763 Galvanishing constituent materials and concrete
SABS – 772 Abrasive blasting BS EN 410-2 Test sieves
SABS – 783 Finishing coats (paint) BS EN 512 Fibre-cement products, pressure
SABS – 791 Pipes pipes and joints
SABS – 801 Epoxy tar paint BS EN 1423 Road marking materials-glass
SABS – 802 Finishing coats (paint) beads, antiskid aggregates and
SABS – 821 Road Lime mixtures of the two
SABS – 831 Rapid hardening cement (OPC15) BS EN 1424 Road marking performance for
SABS – 836 Aggregate test road users and premix glass beads
SABS – 837 Sugar Content (Water) BS EN 1456-1 UPVC pipes
SABS – 838 Sand equivalent test BS EN 1463 Road marking materials - Retro
SABS – 841 Alkali carbonates and bicarbonates reflective road studs
(water) BS EN 1824 Road trials
SABS – 844 Relative density tests BS EN 1871 Physical properties for paint,
SABS – 845 Compacted bulk density thermoplastic and cold plastic
SABS – 848 Polished stone value tests EN – 10113 Structural steel
SABS – 850 Sulphate content (aggregates) EN – 10155 Structural steel
SABS – 855 Free water content (aggregates) BS EN 1916 Precast concrete pipes
SABS – 856 Bulking of fine aggregates BS EN 12271 Surface dressing
SABS – 862 Slump (concrete) BS EN 12591 Specification for pavement grade
SABS – 864 Flexure strength test (concrete) bitumens
SABS – 865 Compression strength (Concrete cores) BS EN 12597 Bitumen and bituminous binders-
SABS – 878 Ready mix concrete terminology
SABS – 912 Primer (paint) BS EN 12889 Trench less construction and
SABS – 920 Steel reinforcing bars testing of drains and sewers
SABS – 921 Pipes BS EN 13055-1 Lightweight aggregates for
SABS – 926 Zinc rich epoxy concrete
SABS – 927 Kerbing BS EN 13249 Geotextiles-characteristics required
SABS – 934 Galvanising fro use in construction of roads and
SABS – 967 Rubber joints for pipes other trafficked areas
SABS – 986 Culverts BS EN 13251 Geotextiles-characteristics required
SABS – 1024 Welded steel fabric for use in earthworks, foundations
SABS – 1058 Paving blocks and retaining structures
SABS – 1077 Joint sealant BS EN 13252 Geotextiles-characteristics required
SABS – 1083 Aggregate for use in drainage systems
SABS – 1085 Sand BS EN ISO 10320 Geotextiles-Identification on site
SABS – 1091 Paint
SABS – 1143 Steel bolts and nuts
SABS – 1149 Washers 7503 ADDRESSES
SABS – 1223 Pipes The Ugandan, AASHTO, ASTM, BS, BS EN, ISO, CKS,
SABS – 1260 Prime DIN, SABS, SIS and US Federal specification and test
SABS – 1282 Friction grip nuts and bolts method documents referred to in this document can be
SABS – 1350 Guardrails obtained from the following sources:
SABS – 1373 Diamond mesh
SABS – 1391 Galvanising Central Materials Laboratory, Ministry of Works,
SABS – 1413 Finishing coats (paint) Housing and Communications
SABS – 1431 Structure steel P.O.Box 7188
SABS – 1442 Road Studs Kampala
SABS – 1500 Electrical installations Uganda
Phone: +256 41 28 57 12
(i) Technical Methods for Highways (TMH), South Fax: +256 41 28 60 56
Africa
TMH – 1 Standard methods of testing road Uganda National Bureau of Standards
construction material P. O. Box 6329
TMH – 5 Sampling methods for road construction Kampala
materials Uganda
TMH – 6 Special methods for testing roads Tel +256 41 22 23 67/50 59 95
Fax +256 41 28 61 23
(j) International Standards Organisation
ISO / R – 161 Specification for High Density South African Bureau of Standards
Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes Private Bag x 191
BS ISO 8349 Road vehicles-measurement of Pretoria
road friction by direct liquid 0001
injection method Tel +27 12 428 6925
Fax +27 12 428 6928

The SABITA specification and test method documents

can be obtained from:
(k) European Standards SABITA
BS EN 124 Concrete-Specification, P. O. Box 6946
performance, production and Roggebaai
conformity

THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA, MINISTRY OF WORKS, HOUSING AND COMMUNICATIONS PAGE 7000 - 26
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR ROAD AND BRIDGE WORKS SERIES 7000 - TOLERANCES, TESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL

South Africa
8012
Tel +27 21 421 2577
Fax +27 21 425 1279

The TMH and TRH documents can be obtained from:

Department of Transport (Publications Department)
P.O. Box 415
Pretoria
South Africa
0001
Tel +27 12 309 3310
Fax +27 12 328 5102

Comite Européen de Normalisation

36, rue de Stassart
B-1050 Brussels
Tel +32 2550 08 11
Fax +32 2550 08 19

International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)

1, rue de Varembe, Case Postale 56
CH-1211 Geneve 20, Switzerland
Tel +41 22 749 011
Fax+41 22 733 34 30

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