CHAPTER 1 REAL NUMBERS MED You must have studied different types of numbers in your earlier classes such as natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational and irrational numbers. Let's revise them. Rational 333... Integers a 7 2 Irrational 1,010010001 5.2, Vi0.2. Real numbers are denoted by 'R! and consists of all rational and irrational numbers. Note: Real numbers (R) include rational numbers (Q), which include integers (Z), which include whole numbers (W), which in tun include natural numbers (N). Natural numbers: Natural numbers are those which are used for counting and ordering ie. N= (1, 2, 3,4, ..} (excluding 0). Whole numbers: Whole numbers are collection of natural numbers including zero ie W = {0, 1, 2, 3,4, ..} CO Intege numbers, their negatives and zero i.e, Z : An integer is a number that can be written without fractional components. Integers consist of natural 4, -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4.03 Prime numbers: A number which can only be divided either by 1 or by itself is called a prime number. For e.g 2, 3, 5, 7, ete. Prime no's have only two factors 1 Composite numbers: A number which has more than two factors is known as a composite number. For eg 4, 6, 8, 10 ete Note: 1 is neither a prime nor a composite number.1 Irrational numbers: All real numbers which are not rational numbers are termed as irrational numbers. A non- terminating and non-repeating decimal is an example of irrational number. For e.g. V2, x etc (7 Rational numbers: Rational numbers are those which can be expressed as © , where p and q are integers and q + 0, q Gi Terminating or non-terminating and recurring (repeating) decimals are examples of rational ‘numbers, G7 Sum of a rational number and an irrational number always gives irrational number. 7 Sum of two irrational numbers does not always give an irrational number Product ofa non-zero rational number with an irrational number always gives an irrational number. Product of two irrational numbers does not always give an irrational number. Complex numbers: Complex number is an imaginary number which can be written in the form of a + ib, where and b are real numbers and i= J=1. For complex number (a + ib), a is known as real part and b is known as imaginary part. You will study more about complex numbers in class 11th, 9// Euclid’s Division Lemma ‘Theorem 1: For two positive integers a and b, there always exist some unique integers q and r such that a = bq +r, where O a = bq + t &___—_ @ Eouw Srupy Marenat Ctass-X.