Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 250 views

    Reviewer Science-Biomolecule

    Uploaded by

    Clouie Mesias
    Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of biomolecules that make up living organisms. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and serve as the main energy source. Lipids include fats and oils and function to store energy. Proteins are made of amino acids and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the genetic instructions for development and protein synthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Reviewer Science-Biomolecule

    Uploaded by

    Clouie Mesias
    250 views2 pages
    Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of biomolecules that make up living organisms. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and serve as the main energy source. Lipids include fats and oils and function to store energy. Proteins are made of amino acids and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the genetic instructions for development and protein synthesis.

    Original Title

    REVIEWER SCIENCE-BIOMOLECULE

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of biomolecules that make up living organisms. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and serve as the main energy source. Lipids include fats and oils and function to store energy. Proteins are made of amino acids and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the genetic instructions for development and protein synthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    250 views2 pages

    Reviewer Science-Biomolecule

    Uploaded by

    Clouie Mesias
    Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of biomolecules that make up living organisms. Carbohydrates include sugars and starches and serve as the main energy source. Lipids include fats and oils and function to store energy. Proteins are made of amino acids and are required for the structure, function, and regulation of tissues. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA contain the genetic instructions for development and protein synthesis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    examples:

    REVIEWER SCIENCE: 1. Sucrose = Table Sugar (Glucose + Fructose)


    2. Lactose = Milk Sugar (Galactose + Glucose)
    BIOMOLECULE – are biological materials that are 3. Maltose = Germinating Seeds Sugar (Glucose +
    present in living organisms, including large Glucose)
    macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates,
    lipids, and nucleic acids. 3. OLIGOSACCHARIDES
    – these are complex carbohydrates that consist of
    ELEMENTS WHICH THE BIOMOLECULES ARE three to ten (3-10) sugars. They are rich in vitamins
    COMPOSED OF: (C, H, O, N) and minerals; and because they are fiber-rich, they
    – CARBON – OXYGEN are slower to digest than a simple carbohydrate
    – HYDROGEN – NITROGEN
    and sometimes PHOSPHOROUS and SULFUR 4. POLYSACCHARIDES
    -------------------------------------------------------------------- – these are also complex carbohydrates and are
    CARBOHYDRATES rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber; but they have
    – an organic compound such as sugars, starches, larger numbers of sugars than an oligosaccharide.
    cellulose, and gums that are found in living tissues
    and food. examples:
    – it is important for nutrition since it can be broken - starch (found in foods like potatoes, wheat, corn,
    down into energy by a human being or an animal. rice, and cassava)
    – considered as the SOURCE OF ENERGY. - glycogen (found in human liver and muscles)
    - cellulose (found in plant fiber)
    FOODS THAT CONTAIN CARBOHYDRATES: --------------------------------------------------------------------
    1. GOOD CARBS LIPIDS
    – whole grain, oatmeal, green vegetables, fruits – these are naturally occurring organic compounds,
    2. BAD CARBS commonly known as oils and fats. Their main
    – refined grains, sugary cereals, soda & sugary function is to store energy for later use.
    drinks, candies & cookies
    FOODS THAT ARE RICH IN LIPIDS:
    CARBOHYDRATES ARE DIVIDED INTO FOUR - oil, butter, cheese, nuts, avocado
    GROUPS:
    1. MONOSACCHARIDES 2 CATEGORIES OF LIPIDS:
    – these are simple carbohydrates, also called 1. SATURATED FATS
    “simple sugars” which are made of one sugar. They – category of fats that have no double bonds in
    are broken down quickly by the body and are the their chemical structure.
    building blocks for complex carbohydrates. – can be found in a variety of foods, including:
    • ANIMAL MEAT – BEEF, POULTRY, PORK
    examples: glucose (dextrose, blood sugar), fructose • CERTAIN PLANT OILS – COCONUT OIL
    (fruit sugar), galactose (milk sugar) • DAIRY PRODUCTS – CHEESE, BUTTER, MILK
    • PROCESSED MEATS – BOLOGNA, SAUSAGES,
    2. DISACCHARIDES HOTDOGS, BACON
    – these are also simple carbohydrates that consist • PRE-PACKAGED SNACKS – CRACKERS, CHIPS,
    of two chemically-linked monosaccharides. They COOKIES, PASTRIES
    come in the form of lactose, maltose, and sucrose.
    – they are formed through condensation reaction 2. UNSATURATED FATS
    and are broken down into monosaccharides – contains one or more double bonds
    through hydrolysis. – foods containing unsaturated fats include:
    • NUTS
    • PLANT OILS – VEGETABLE & OLIVE OIL
    • CERTAIN FISH – SALMON & TUNA (CONTAINS
    OMEGA-3 UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS)
    • AVOCADOS
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    PROTEINS
    – large, complex molecules that play many critical
    roles in the body/ they do most of the work in cells
    and are required for the structure, function, and
    regulation of the body’s tissues and organs. They
    are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller
    units called AMINO ACIDS.
    1. DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
    AMINO ACIDS – contains the genetic instructions used in the
    – are biologically important organic compounds development and functioning of all modern living
    containing AMINE or AMINO GROUP (-NH2) organisms.

    FOODS RICH IN LIPIDS: 2. RNA (RIBONUCLEIC ACID)


    • spinach • cabbage – involved in protein synthesis and gene regulation.
    • tomatoes • broccoli
    • cucumbers • beets
    • avocado
    • cauliflower

    4 STRUCTURES OF PROTEIN:
    1. PRIMARY STRUCTURE
    – sequence of amino acids
    Ala-Gly-Val-Tyr-Arg-Leu-Ser-Met-Asn-Cys-Pro

    2. SECONDARY STRUCTURE
    – the way the chain begins to fold at the localized
    level

    3. TERTIARY STRUCTURE
    – complete folding pattern
    – globular & fibrous protein

    4. QUATERNARY STRUCTURE
    – hemoglobin
    --------------------------------------------------------------------
    NUCLEIC ACIDS
    – consists of chains of nucleotides
    – nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic
    acids
    – cytosine, thymine, uracil, adenine, and guanine

    TWO TYPES:
    1. DNA – DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
    2. RNA – RIBONUCLEIC ACID

    You might also like