Hoduks = gxaph theo . Aw i. > Defnitton J Treerwm A gyaph | pale, (ee Ae tee crnpty Set the element a V ou cotled vette (potrds Or nada) and F oh a Sef corstating of edges tated edge set. Example ! f B D re. B= €Yye) ve 7 A) 8, C, DR = \vi-4 — oxdt F={ AB, Be, Co, AD, AC, BNR Frample_— ole according yO the dof ptiton rthe voder be non-empty. Trt gr” get oh ror” bes athe) 4 vob er +o lau edge bet Com be wast cortain omnes (refer oxarnple 2) Mu!!! Grsaph A -Grraph corrbatring no edges Un Caled put. geaph- qavtol oreaph oer voter fle ger p null Grsap wir onl ore wy cotled getval geph: Example of Rubs to asa fe aseph a) nn edge a Dupresented, bay Tine. Te lew ray be. Sheabgict or ewe, Thou bom be meu thon one eMfagrerrn fer the Same ger” Eaarnple . ee zDp bevaph | have Rétrttely wry ver{leek anv mony adkges 2: ae New Guod 5) A Gyaph with only ypertte Nev be tm Uerctiteey ay wollay pintte hum ber K edges Called spontle Ovvaph on olho Prgenite goer : » — order and Size af raph Dunne "eden oh se of graph — Tr Number % vockloes Mr a ger autled eedoyy Number of edges tin a yer” cetled size. | > Gorvrally — Ueditires af a yop devoted hy, RB, n-- BiG D-- eV, Ua Ug . -- wed edu of “ é 7 by Qi fo es = niche . > End: voc oes, Th Vi_amd ut damel taco yrcttoes of a geoph and ey ds te edge bis ul oad YW than vi fy VW wu Catted ond vertices ) an{oop bret edge Consisttra af Some verckey as both °F | tty ewk vortices tated —!0°P yoo? @) % ldiple eday an : eae io Hutte, ee ou at” ud n mn otis edge Gf m4 gee snd vodtees Colted mUsrP 6, B : 9 D Ba | aep : Atle steve: BP gouret Omtotn lps a ; yy wohech : A ak adenple oo Ja Ol edger : Hustt graph _ yrutit ple edges but no A h wohtda tontotrs ° ne: Acops us tasted yell ae\) Complets aye 43 A a th vableh thie ® yaph oxde oY : 2 a aimple 3 ‘ap of Y var ectgu bin every pote of vadtees tompleti geoph @ry pull f — fas, Cat orb i] det br be a simple gop Auch Yat ths veer det u oy te unten ef fuse Of ifn isSetnt ronome subsel Vy LV Auch +hateee err D vy FB i) Eveuy o th br fotrd verter in Ve tit) 6 contains Me edgy thot Jory thy tee paral ie both pohkth au tm. Ur & V2 Pam by catled Bi partite eo Qu dy sob“! a vert Prov & ky lon, plete Rtpaxtt fe : led ‘y be bt pafite aor’ wrth vertex cs Catted Lkpasefite 7 ket > awd YZ tf Hair «de. aon oda bw wy vodey t ™ M1 anrd — wren yorket Uy, (én) oe p ? . v 7 A a 5 ne 8 T z R Ss B R Ki, 3 Kis 2,3 Z, L Be P A ’ : : 4 ut. c z X33wwe denete — Cowaplerts biporgols aor" be Km prod \Mpsn W>.\= tavdiralit ae, ho of veedita fr Kya oS An poof AGS Kner ds (mtn) —> vodeX Degree | let G= WE be a geoph Ord Xf be a verter of by | dhin dhe rune of eds OF Or thot toop= 2 au enddint an vi wth Pr loops Gunled qwtce dy Glled dighee og v tnd vs chenoted by agency fae F dager (*)=4 dupue (B= 4 dager C= 4 dag: Co) dag (Bea degra (295!th te Agen % yelex UL 20 flay Youley YS colted Taolated vortex, @ ty dag of vortex ig t them vox it cated © ara! ee tonurah Sep A ger” Gr (YE) sh coiled i) Lple & { loop ousescal hig thre dg 8 pak > 3 : A gt goth . &® _Bgelan rook pit the wees af Be A graph Mn whfeh ; - on ka ode appan pore Sg j s wr Ray & Rayland i bE ALI 2 ver / 3 Qa ReversBpecta typo ors => tubte gyeph yer wip ll the vadien of clay sty tatled Subie wer’ ob abrefid 4s peotuson qe) povactes [Sedges a) Myper cube graph Ty hyper Cudge geok , ug eee of an fk dirertiondh hyper Cube, u /@ K3 w vercliees < gk 3 1 ed gh - Kaeue He Amension of ay por cube wlth ) whet soanss ages © whet Gy the dlveerdtom 4 oe = 5 24nee “A ce al ee og 7 7 16-1 ra = |6r a2 pee Tretorn Slee roe 8 ORIN. pth, meses See 1) edges Aiwen-Y 2 loefween is00$— $a complets hut exist etactly om “8 vercktces (By defetitor) wor poe 9 a verchices % a yer fe Edges = Vo. a pole if vekicn au He tno ger ese: of pot % vetoes = NC 2.\€) rom fy Wtn-t) im ko ra Lac-9) =e 4 U. \, ks me LBG0* 3 / 2 bD< Ke me ie laei))= \ hoa za > Ce) and once show thot following > Tho maple au Thorrenp dtm , ) Corspdin ‘tus por” b= (YE) b o'=(v',£') Hon He geaph & Ot data te be Leornox phic go i) ig tho Hou voctires Uy one to one Cerrespomdente b]by«) ty wow dg me do Om MM Eparfeven bw Thao edges vat? i vaptiag sn) adfror ty Xx ‘ack, IR pYesered ( CHP ony ud Yerttees Uo awed Vv fn, 4, ie ond ve vee cudnt tw ou, ‘ Tym arvespendting yeutes arr Catal Gs= CUE) thok the Bomorp hit — of coh oftor, verhicos ) me do ove corvvespendrre iw Th 1 ' g <> 8B ceoc' D+ 7D 2) ome te one Corvessperndente ble! edges 1 93 <> AB ee pce alc! foeenp BC <> BC Bp eoeo ecpesc'P nderoked ome~ ome 3) we chub that th aloove ponte to by vodliage 0} edgy of Fuw8 Aths prrenorures adjaund § fr yates 61 od Oo odu F-goreor pic” 5 — a ak \ t aire 2 ary 3 3 pigee F Neo B qn [[22 33 7 AN 4yay 63) f 5 3 nN | ;’ - — —_ & e z, « r > ere tom cardag parrdinte how vorettreg AaP Bes cer Fat Us No 2) eve te ant ap rs Caeues pe ntiwre BIN eda Be <= st hact n we PR ro ods hw Pp ows RK, he qhoet VE ut pot 3) adyaurtey ant fr! : fl > a a r ) on to ore Cordert pomratence bin pyesowat b pw uoetirea UCE’eo& *) degtt)= | dag (Bl=2 daa Core dager (0°) 22 dag (t)« by (8) = sey (2) < BANS) = | 3 ! too dagen % uapetfow a ce nor Rear ¢voters fy 6, tus powdint these at powdaact- wv) Tryva asker Uh cer tolLou OX ‘i br J an adatom Cy bra vortices 88 ot Praoue me Gf ou not I sommphic. ® Ui Vas th, as V2 v5 s ay i) one — ore ctervurpendurce b/w vedios Uy o> 4 Up => Ug Va <> Uy ) NA <> 4B ti) ene- ore toouspendimce — byw) edges, UY Vp > MMe V2Vz <7? Ho 43 v3 VA 2 US, VUA <2 YU Ma.dae co Og wie goome for both — yerehires 5 vo amp. Aap + se. govrbere ee vy ue 3 “vy @ ig ws us Ue. Ye. + Us i) om to. ore carves pordnce bw vedi ue Vy ws > MG eed v u “> ues Mee ea a f20mor phic. ee shew gat folledrg graphy OS he 2, 3,3) oA 2,2, LARA + ’ RT ’ vy FR | ffcom) « Pig dee Hod ShafE9 property. C Bu sum of agrees o aul fw vorklees 0 & aoph 2 axa sever younber . avd Thee purenber Hs Copal 4/ Juice dH ronda of obs fy ee ya In om aliomactve for pn proporb'es as folouis re all a or" & > * op Pi fact tok He pepe y Ug obttoug fryers whele counting th gros of verkiiey oar ola . fed fuutee , (one ot each edd) qhe property St popularky called of Hand shaking ee bouaniie eurunttaly Atoky Thad 6 Sad people shake hardy. flan He total wo, of Bhaten® wut “be even f ; ; hand : betas f nu Prwotved apt —tomila cena nue hamds ws Property A talso vou Sb 18h thaokon, oe ae OHodd qreerom Tuo . Ga WHY gor’ ste jor of vorttter, of diggats ares ath on vodka. SuPpASE Kt £ peyralrng sprsttn 0 BOP Ly ugar ae Ha youkttes Bog é ae gs vu yercttee 29 ayer of CI ey wrth ocd Aas es i apie Vorttess ed - ek yorckie8 eee Doro ¥ ee Va | . Vero 77 wrth ewurk cae a gum Of dupes oF cae * . sage ha Banco £ — ) ene ol ee. 1 glow z : te ; . hav srakieg Prorerss : cays fr gterh , : sun dn Hy Buk ae Luge ¢ ~ Uocttcas® fortron ch bum yy , xf_ SUB _ GRAPHS Grtoow ed geoph by and br, tee da that 61, de a Bub graph a Or Tf te fotlevs?4 oval ton hots « ® pu dhe vectiees amd — al fhy cas af Gil on, Pr & : ¥ Fach edge F by “pos dh Same. ond vectors fy boos Tr Ou ah sutgroth Lo ovse vata waa port of amoths,Pau" F Cros gor" uy a sub pops of Mell # WE ahr ale Bop oF 4 veites 3g a Cub aoe" of arnples gph Kn att ow Js Sulupreph of hr am oy soba xt &, them bly og subpaph a + age vente Pn a gruph 4 a Subsgnoph go 7 ; | gpa Lor. Sts BoP AL ingyen a Gvsoph oda eget 00 th = (UE). if Pea aa Sub shore fry — (UF) of cud that Y=. tem tn bg tolled Lpeunrdrg Babyy reap of br. . ne : <)> kb — | \ dy /—> wha i“ “Zpara® : vol i bartayh because Ley subgraph / yertey r= wale + Wy 4Tas duded Subgraph : trtoum a graph r= GE) Supper tw Sa 9 Avbyoph b= Wy 1H) Sack Pot 0a edge (a,b) Fy wh ache vbolengs fe Ue OB A Oy ln v) a Nz u 3 VE V4 \nSTrduked Aubgreph. Groom a peer or= GE) Suppase Tw Jaa Aub graph y= (yp 1%) Sack Pod OY edge (a,b) % Fh who 0 § b belongs fo Uy om va a Gy, alio Vy xraGers On peph Opewm : os ot Ge wh UH) & dy tH FF . 5) yes pectively, Han. ee Gye EL Tee “fa= 2h oO or, 9 & = (vy vy E,v ih) QD or Ab, = (MMM, Fi MNEs) if Unwse Yeon on YZ uv, Up Ui Vay 4 * Vv < % = oO ne c us #4 Vy Us (1 82) = 5 uy Yar Myce vee v3 6, Yb eS Pasa v Ve Us, 6 Fhe gob unvye LY Ve Us Med 6, Nb. VU Vy . 7), o) VApetaryrrine oh ond og WA gas Tt) vas 2 qubt geoph uth 4 ce of te graph Pe ee fotlor svg ma Js a Agar goeaph ce an z= 3 ) or clo geoph with A edges soln! pel vpn wl=eme4 In cable gor” nz 2% K-) me K2 - go) a an2r ok. c 274 tt) - cig a Yeqyedosy pet cordtralt ty of &lU\= egal a Hh age we brow Had You alu bo ve Saud have poph orth 1S 7 Bence Or UL vedi eos, & n yruttt- of ferme Is edges meiss KnM=IS = Kn ----@O FY Hered thatt4 Property Sdlui)= 2m wax Also , fen K- vequtan gap 6 Alt) = km nee eae Kn = axis pe 22 En= 30 : ,U35 Ne ae. <7? 612 )S N= 1, 2637/5, 6, 9S Bree K hag to be postitoe Prtegun than n wut be dots of 30 , 2 z lS Aes. n22 n=l Ge 7 wy ns ba \ ae ben \ ™pa vertices 6 6 hos to 28g 2 othe yokes 76 edu more edge quel guodics dane = 4 (wd? vertices bart = by ree propery g dtue)= am edu )® gacer)+ £ & Cur) evendig 084 Ag. = (4+) + (n>) aoe 8+ ome 90 = B+ Bn-G 20-3 +6 = 3n, & = Bn sw A ard¢ on ut) An es * \uF or < v a a & a os a “ 3 ee vy) V3 vs cS Up ChChe yt) U2 C2Uz&% YA CA Ug Oat Wey. ret tr pe a gph hout rg atleast 1 edge a6 finite allerpoting Requente of yercbtees amck edges 06 the fatna Wy b, Uply 03 = VEY dg dolled a Wolk. t fy ae yortex Dd am edge on both Com Y opp) met’ tam owe,a Jon sadn ir Nor 6 edges present tr a walls eft tattork ‘y gt] Yes _lovgth eutth — hich walk begtn da ay dtr and wweth tg cote poe 7 coe oled & Tr vortor eytifal vodlet which role eds = Ls agit" wu couled fotomiral verkis. + Nen yet yal verbires UU tolled Prt al yetics - walk . tach wo owe en en TRAIL CiRcvLT ppt CCE opm erosed walt) tuneetK ) ( ais elesed : wale eo) PASE OSClosed wre? A = walk ‘i entre awd Orcs at WL Bame vocldy ae datted — cloged Giolr OPEN WRIK. , ¢ OW walls begtwa ard endg weit fo Aifhorort vorchteet dy tabled aM opem quot * TEAL -- open walk In wh, A dsfal cut am vested Cam Append but yet +h edge yrott them once CVRCVIT '- MeL, Aedvatt to oa closed cualls fn 0 vadex Cam appear meu Tham owe hid yet te edgy PATH F poth ut aw open cul fw cob yet a eter nor am edge Cary sppeax mou thom occ cycle A Cycte ct a cleged wale bn colich, puter a voctet het an edyy Con appea™ mou phan Once +Hodul-S eee vee. @ graph ov a aed 1° be o tee FF te conrested avd bes pe Cats YN A : “peee , “peng ten A MG ge a connected graph , a subsraph tim) caused spans dee “H : ‘) af Ul dea tyee tt)? Gontatrs ot vertices Fh. CD oom tiof Cs ford oll Ww Spank ng, treea of “ “ VE Ve Me ME S A VU. : Ug %3 y, a Ae 5 A wv uv s a vy : | ou ; | : = PaaS. vA aati 4 ee : ia a /\\, | lo C id - : _ ZN . b . m : : 4- a A aera. A JIN Cut-Selu | Edge connedtPur ty vescker Convetiucty. conneted wer aset + of edges $F & dg dat te. be eitomading wits get ce bh, 1G Sensual of 8 gy spl oe Pte tus dintanneted patch + Tr ul couled daconneting edge Bef, : & Set ¢ & edge Ds Gt oe Bord 1S be tuk Set bom tt te ofetlety 2 alien bod 1) gdba Litconnetiry edge settn 4, net Of be & °, o i’) Be proper SubseF of Sue a kt oral edgt set iy tr.~ ERT & ead S2= $er,esh Leo €6 eg e4% Se? § 62, eg, e232 88 * Fes, ex, CHR St = fers, Ce, 06 05% Edge Connedfi let or be a lonveded oad «& be oe Cleef fr oo Hat Cortolrt fewest rumbor eda ce, Fre umber 6 edigys RG chy Coated edge: dommedttvity we Bxe Commecttutly of br >) worker donnorl bit - Let Gr be a Comnesed graph: ome ynbrieuny xuvmbor of veciteer whate femeval vest ads coymected graph ug conted voter | tort Gtuty, or pete convedttut ty. 6 tt.co wae vernouah — probes S2= 44ty M4d gree ty Carpe tal yodOt dommolly iy edgt Comne deat ty acl fort We Ahad’ER AN —_— a Re _ So “Trerspedt net unouts (eke otto. Hay suthieis Gov wail a hfe Moout —proxmum “ati of flows Shot Be pe a pom ome Altion 10 owathen he extendtals gush Unoutledas Com be aggubvecl Pavel 0 shay 4 wusbydted domneded Gark: Pa which fv vedices agepresus Atohion ard edged pepdeaont He Mn of vetwor Kes fr Such aerk He ee of con edlgt wepruert the Gapactly af the (ere paral, TRE qorlmmums amowd ef flow poss ble per kt of me. eamole'- xs okt of Get mamaly YO OG olep den colt _ oe - Noe of deokrs . cpenpunt of Calero vi) . a > Mop fw — & Hen Cat Pero, ens ag, ome Cortetg om tenyotont eau eae yoy of Hrawrsport prefork, Mor yplous > Hen coportly. => | z e'8 So= $21 3 5.92 - £) 4 85-8403 Se 6, 3,28 Bp- £6) 38) 858 45,34 j ao . 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Ayu the tat et 4 Z $a2 phe Ae) BE od = Sie {4086 Bat 83 = $82) BERUADA = $a = GAB, BY C2YE 58? 48% C24 = te topostivn af Cub atst ira nN, 13, is fy, dt pe whEimara a pn vx patued by CO ae we RC AO + Sit 7 nN poard, pls 4 eg U ontlepetinyrdre th yrostl reuna fo byw vortices se caletiig te meme hE D coopast tes