FIRST QUARTER MODULE 9

HOW ENERGY IS PRODUCED

AND MANAGED

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Science– SHS – Physical Science
Quarter 1 – Module 9: How Energy is Produced and Managed

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
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exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rea Angela F. Datoon

Editors/Reviewers: Jocelyn Navera, Brenly Mendoza, Kristina Nieves, Bebelyn Nocomora

Illustrator: Ray Daniel Peralta

Layout Artist: Jose Gamas Jr.

Language Editor: Diana Desuyo

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 Describe how energy is harnessed
from different sources:
A. Fossil Fuels
B. Biogas
C. Geothermal
D. Hydrothermal
E. Batteries
F. Solar Cells
G. Biomass
(S11/12PS-IIIi-29)

Source: https://www.napocor.gov.ph/index.php/advocacies/infographics/energy-sources-in-the-philippines

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 Supplementary Learning Module for Senior High School Learners

LESSON
How Energy is Produced and Managed

Have you ever wondered where the electricity in the

power outlets come from? How is electricity
generated? What is the main source of electricity in
the Philippines? Why are we asked to always
conserve electricity? Will electricity run out or
is it from a perpetual source?

In this module, you will learn about the

different sources of energy and how energy is
harnessed from each source. Are you up for it?
Then, be ready to learn and accomplish the tasks
ahead.

• Describe the different sources of energy;

• Give a brief summary of how energy is produced
from different sources;
• Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable
source of energy; and
• Outline the pros and cons of the different sources of energy.

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in

each item then write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is a nonrenewable energy resource?

A. Coal B. Hydroelectric C. Methane D. Solar

2. What is the main source of energy in the Philippines?

A. Biomass B. Coal C. Solar D. Wind

3. Which of the following statements provides a reason for the widespread

use of fossil fuels?
A. Fossil fuels are renewable source of energy.
B. Fossil fuels are not harmful to the environment.
C. Fossil fuels are readily available and inexpensive.
D. Fossil fuels does not emit harmful pollutants when burned.

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 4. Wind, geothermal and solar energy are all what type of energy
resources?
A. cheap B. chemical C. potential D. renewable

5. Why are fossil fuels considered non-renewable resources if they are still
forming beneath the surface today?
A. They are being formed as a type of methane which we cannot use.
B. We are depleting the fossil fuels much faster than they can form.
C. They are being formed too far beneath the surface of the ocean.
D. The fossil fuels are being broken down by a natural process faster
than they can form.

Hi! How did you find the test?

Please check your answers at the answer key section and
see how you did. Don’t worry if you got a low score, this just
means that there are more things that you can learn from
this module. So, hop on!

ANALYZING IMAGES
Directions: Analyze the figures shown below about the
sources of energy, percentage of each source and the energy
consumption of the country. Then, answer the guide questions.

Guide Questions:
1. What is the number 1 source of energy in the
Philippines?
2. Which island group has the largest energy
demand in the country?
3. Are you a contributor to this energy consumption?
Explain how.

Source: https://theaseanpost.com/article/why-philippines-
so-focused-coal
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 Modern society has become dependent on electricity. From the moment we
wake up, when we eat, travel, communicate, relax, work and play, we use electricity.
Our country produces millions of megawatts of electricity yet it is still not enough. Some
areas in our country still do not have electricity. Learning about the science behind
power production should make us better consumers. Sources of electrical energy can
be divided into two types: renewable and non-renewable source. What is the
difference between the two?

RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Directions: Complete the concept map below.

ENERGY SOURCES
You’ve heard of renewable energy and non-
renewable energy. But when we get down to it, what are they
and what are the major differences between the two?

Renewable energy sources are those resources which are replenished

naturally and can be used again and again while Non-renewable energy sources are
those that once used cannot be regained and took long time to be replenished.
Example or renewable sources are wind energy, water (hydro) energy, solar power,
biomass fuel and geothermal power. Plus, there are more and more sustainable
energy types being tested every day. On the other side, under non-renewable energy,
you’ve got the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, natural gas (petroleum) and
nuclear energy (uranium). (www.esbenergy.co.uk, 2020)

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NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES

Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels include hydrocarbons such as coal, oil, and natural gas that comes
from organic remains of prehistoric organisms. Coal is the world’s most abundant fossil
fuel. It is relatively inexpensive and is readily available.

The energy that comes from fossil fuels came from the sun through the process
of photosynthesis when the prehistoric plants were still alive. Fossil fuels are captured
sunlight! The formation of fossil fuels is due to a series of geologic processes where
the remains of organic life are accumulated in the ocean bottom and are buried to
eventually become part of the geosphere. They are buried to depths having high
temperature and pressure where they are converted to oil, natural gas, or coal.

In the Philippines, around 69% of our electricity is derived from fossil fuels (coal,
oil, natural gas, biomass). In the world, around 75% of our energy is generated by
combustion of fossil fuels. Power plants burn fossil fuels and the heat generated during
this process is used to turn water into steam and this turns the turbines.
The general reaction for the combustion of hydrocarbon is:
Hydrocarbon + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water

Combustion is an exothermic process. Methane is a common natural gas, an

example of the combustion of methane gas can be seen below.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Energy

As seen from the chemical reaction, burning fossil fuels produces carbon dioxide
which is harmful to our environment in huge amounts. This is one of the biggest
downside of using fossil fuels. The emissions from fossil fuel power plants also cause
acid rain and global-scale pollution by elements such as mercury. Fossil fuel is not a
sustainable energy source.

Sual Power Station is the

largest and most cost-effective
coal-fired power station in the
country with a generating
capacity of 1,200 MW. It has
been providing electricity to the
Luzon grid since 1999 under a
build, operate and transfer
(BOT) scheme with the
Philippine government which
ends in 2024.
Source:
https://www.teamenergy.ph/sual-
power-station/

Guide Questions:
1. What are fossil fuels? What are the different examples of fossil fuels?
2. Briefly explain how fossil fuels are formed.

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Electrochemical (batteries)
Batteries give electricity via an electrochemical reaction. It has three main
parts:
1) Anode
2) Cathode
3) Electrolyte
The first battery was invented by Alessandro Volta, an Italian physicist. He
presented his paper before the Royal Society in London in 1800. His invention of the
battery propelled studies on electricity as it allowed scientists to produce electricity.
Batteries, compared to other sources, have low intensity but they are commonly
used since they are portable and efficient. The two main types of battery:
1) primary or disposable battery
2) secondary or rechargeable battery
Examples of primary batteries are alkaline, mercury, silver-oxide, and zinc carbon
batteries. Examples of secondary batteries are lead-acid and lithium batteries.

Guide Questions:
1. What are electrochemical energy sources?
2. How is electrochemical energy produced?
3. What is a primary cell?
4. What is a secondary cell?
5. What are the different examples of a primary and a secondary cell?

RENEWABLE SOURCES

Geothermal
Geothermal power is the main source of energy in the Visayas region. Around
38% of electricity in Visayas is produced from geothermal power. Geothermal power
utilizes the heat energy from the earth’s crust. This heat energy heats up rocks which,
in turn, heats up nearby groundwater. In some cases, the groundwater becomes so
hot that it turns into underground steam. The steam is tapped to drive turbines that
generate electricity. Geothermal energy is less of an environmental hazard compared
to fossil fuels though it still has some emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and
sulfur dioxide. Disposal of water is also a concern as it contains some salt.

Chevron geothermal power plant Tiwi, Albay, Philippines

(source: flickr/sherwin_magayanes)

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 Geothermal energy in the Philippines is used primarily for electric power
generation. The Philippines is the second largest geothermal energy power producer in
the world with a total installed capacity of 1980 MW.

In the Bicol Region, geothermal energy is a well-known resource. Two of the

country’s major geothermal fields are located in the area. The Tiwi geothermal complex,
is located in the province of Albay. The Bacon-Manito Geothermal Field, on the other
hand, is located in the provinces of Albay and Sorsogon. The Bicol Region hosts 11
geothermal power plants with total installed capacity of 495.5 MW. Three potential
geothermal resource sites on the pipeline can provide a combined capacity addition of
120 MW for the next years. A total of 64 new wells will be drilled, thus improving steam
availability to 627.4 MW in 2014. For the next ten years, technologies utilizing acidic
reservoir and low enthalpy type of fluids are expected to be available in the market to
allow areas like Mt. Labo in Camarines Norte and others in the Bicol Region to provide
additional capacities.
Source:https://www.geothermal-energy.org/pdf/IGAstandard/WGC/2010/2839.pdf

The figure on the

left shows how
geothermal
powerplants in the
Philippines work. It
simplifies how
energy is
harnessed within
the Earth up to
generation of
electricity.

Photo Source:
https://www.evwi
nd.es/2012/08/31
/geothermal-
energy-in-
philippines-
2/22730

Guide Questions:
1. What is the source of geothermal energy?
2. How is geothermal energy harnessed from the earth?

Hydroelectric
Hydroelectric utilizes moving water to
turn turbines. This is the main source of
electricity in Mindanao, generating around
45% of electricity in the region. Dams are
installed in strategic locations where there is a
substantial drop in elevation. One of the
environmental concerns related to
Agus V and VI Hydroelectric Power complexes and the
Pulangi IV Dam -- NAPOCOR.GOV.PH

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hydroelectric power is displacement of marine species.

Hydropower plants harness

water's energy and use simple
mechanics to convert that energy into
electricity. Hydropower plants are
actually based on a rather simple
concept -- water flowing through a dam
turns a turbine, which turns a generator.
The water in the reservoir is
considered stored energy. When the
gates open, the water flowing through
the penstock becomes kinetic
energy because it's in motion. The
amount of electricity that is generated is
determined by several factors. Two of
those factors are the volume of water
flow and the amount of hydraulic
head. The head refers to the distance
between the water surface and the
turbines. As the head and flow
increase, so does the electricity
generated. The head is usually
Source: https://science.howstuffworks.com
dependent upon the amount of water in
the reservoir.

Guide Questions:
1. How is hydroelectric energy harnessed?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using hydroelectric energy?

Wind power

Wind has been used in centuries to move ships and pump water. Wind turbines
are installed in strategic locations to harness the mechanical energy from wind. Main
examples of wind turbines in the Philippines are the ones found in San Lorenzo,
Guimaras (Trans Asia Renewable Energy Corp--TAREC); Bangui Bay, Ilocos Norte
(North Wind Power Devt Corp); Burgos, Ilocos Norte (EDC Wind Power Corporation).

The Philippines has overtaken all other members of the Association of

Southeast Asian Nations in terms of installed wind energy capacity. Philippines now
has an operational wind energy capacity of 400 MW, more than anything other country
in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, according to media
reports quoting former Senator Juan Miguel Zubiri, who played an important role in the
passage of Renewable Energy Law of 2008.

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Source: https://blitzfield.wordpress.com/2014/10/03/
ttblwind-blog/

Guide Questions:
1. How is wind energy harnessed?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using wind energy?

Solar Cells

We will have access to solar power as long as the sun exists. Solar panels are
composed of photovoltaic cells or cells that convert light to electricity. Panels are
comprised of two semi-conducting metals, usually silicon, layered to create a
sandwich. Each sheet is doped so that they can acquire a charge--one positive and
one negative. When light shines on the panels, electrons are made to jump out of the
free atom, thereby creating electricity.

Solar energy is abundant, requires low maintenance, and is environmentally-

friendly. Emissions associated with the manufacture of solar panels are present but
very minimal compared to pollution caused by burning fossil fuels. Two of the harmful
emissions from the manufacture of solar panels are nitrogen trifluoride and sulfur
hexafluoride. Both are potent greenhouse gases.

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 Solar energy is also known as “The People’s Power,” referring to the easy
deployment of solar panels and the introduction of “community solar gardens” where
energy is shared among owners. Some disadvantages of solar energy are that it is
expensive, requires rare metals and requires a good amount of space. Thankfully, the
technology is continuously improving.

Solar energy is used as a source of energy in the Philippines through industrial

sized photovoltaic plants in the country. The Philippines has only recently
incorporated large scale solar farms in the country, despite the fact that the country
is geographically located in a region that receives a high amount of sunlight each
year. Major solar farms in the Philippines can be found in Cavite, Pampanga, Ilocos
Norte, and Cagayan de Oro.

Instead of growing crops like rice

or corn, this vast farm harvests
heat from the sun and generates
enough energy to power the
whole of western Batangas.

This is the 63.3-megawatt

Calatagan Solar Farm at the
convergence of Calatagan, Lian
and Balayan towns, the largest
solar facility completed in the
Philippines to date.

Source:
http://www.techblade.ph/2016/03/ph-
largest-solar-farm-up-in-batangas.html

Solar power can be harnessed through photovoltaic cells or solar thermal

technology. The photos below show the processes of harnessing energy through
these processes. In using photovoltaic cells, sunlight hits the surface of the
photovoltaic cell and a material called a semi-conductor converts the light into
electricity.

Solar thermal technology on the other hand, the mirrors or reflectors

concentrate the sun's rays to heat a special kind of liquid. After which, the heat
from this liquid boil water to create steam. Then the steam spins a turbine that is
connected to a generator, which creates electricity. Lastly, the steam cools and
condenses back to water, which is recycled, reheated, and converted into steam
again. Photo source: https://archive.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/solutions/technologies/solar.html

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Guide Questions:
1. How is solar energy harnessed from the sun? You may answer in terms of what
happens to the solar panel material when exposed to sunlight.
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using solar energy?

Biomass

Biomass refers to organic matter from plants and animals (microorganisms).

Plants get their energy from the sun through the process of photosynthesis which, in
turn, gives energy to animals upon consumption. Wastes such as crop remains,
manure and garbage are good sources of biomass. Wood is also a biomass fuel. As
long as we replenish the trees that we cut, biomass can be a sustainable energy
source.

Biomass is used to create methane and alcohol which are fuels useful in energy
production and in powering automobiles. Production of biogas or biofuels involves the
action of microorganisms that break down organic matter in a multi-step process.
Technologies utilizing biomass are continuously evolving to improve efficiency.

The photo on the left shows the Biomass Plant in Negros Occidental while the photo on the right shows how energy is harnessed using biomass.
Photo Source: http://powerphilippines.com/world-banks-ifc-to-build-biomass-plant-in-negros-occidental/
https://www.nortisgroup.com/services/biomass/

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 PART 1: PRO and CON GRID

Directions: Identify the pros and cons of various

energy sources presented. You may answer in terms of efficiency of use, availability,
hazards, environmental effect, price. You may also refer to the playlist of pros and
cons of different sources of energy accessible in
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLo7r0BMVCzDEF0k39rRJ6Fa9gqujdPt7W

ENERGY PRO CON

SOURCE
Non-renewable Sources
1. Fossil Fuels

2. Electrochemical
(batteries)

Renewable Sources
1. Geothermal

2. Hydroelectric

3. Wind Power

4. Solar Cells

5. Biomass

PART 2. LET’S ORGANIZE!

Directions: There are four major steps in the conversion of energy to electricity. These
are shown below. Arrange the steps by assigning number on the space provided
before each item.

_______*Heat energy is used to convert water to steam which has kinetic energy.
_______*Steam’s kinetic energy becomes mechanical energy that makes turbines
turn.
_______*Energy from bond breaking and formation in fuels is converted to heat
energy. This step is not necessary if power generation that does not require burning
of fuels. E.g. Geothermal and hydrothermal plants.
_______*Mechanical energy from the turbines create electricity via electromagnetism

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PART 3. LET’S APPLY.
Directions: Learning is more fun when applied on a daily basis. Let us apply what you
have learned in this module.
Check your electric bills at home. How much energy does your household
utilize? Come up with concrete steps that you can take in order to help conserve
electricity on a daily basis. Create a checklist of things that you will do to conserve
electricity. Discuss it with your parents and other members of the household. These
steps must be compiled in your portfolio.

Congratulations on finishing the supplementary

learning module! You have just had an amazing learning
journey and for sure, you will have the same in the
succeeding modules.
This time, share to the class your final insights
by completing the following sentence prompts.
,

To strengthen what you have learned in this

module, perform the following additional tasks.

1. MAKING IT REAL (PERFORMANCE TASK)

Directions: Select at least one of the energy resources discussed in this module and
make a three dimensional model of how energy can be harnessed from the chosen
energy source.

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2. INTEGRATING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY and SOCIETY (STS)

Directions: Select one in the following researchable topics. This should be reflected
in your portfolios.

a. Conduct a research about the nuclear power plant in Bataan and write a short essay
about your thoughts on using it to help generate electricity in the country. The link on a
documentary about this powerplant is shown in the box below. You can also refer to the article
presented by Teo Camacho in Standford University last 2017.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lazv1K7gMcw – Revisiting

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph241/camacho2/ - The controversy of

Bataan Nuclear Power Plant - Teo Camacho- May 24, 2017

the Bataan Nuclear Powerplant SONA - Revisiting the Bataan

Nuclear Power Plant 03/14/11
b. Watch the series of documentaries about Atimonan One Energy Documentary.
Explain the roles of different sectors of society in developing and protecting a community. This
can be done through short essay or poster.

Atimonan One Energy Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPchR1NE11E
c. Review the tale of COAL Provinces videos on youtube. Make a fish diagram of the
insights gained from the series. The link on one of the episodes is shown in the box below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vdt-z3z7EkI

Wag Na Coal Ep. #2 - A Tale of COAL Provinces

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 The following terms used in this module are defined as
follows:
Note: All the definitions below were taken from www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary except for the ones with an asterisk (*) next to them. The (*)
next to a vocabulary word indicates a definition provided by the Consumers Energy Education Team.

Biomass Energy- plant materials and animal waste used as a source of fuel.
Example: The scouts used biomass energy by cooking hotdogs over a fire.
*Chemical Energy - energy stored in atoms and molecules until released. Example:
When the vinegar was mixed with the baking soda, the foam was proof that chemical
energy was released.
*Electrical Energy - energy created through the movement of electrons. Example: A
plug outlet uses electrical energy to power my appliances.
Fossil Fuels - a fuel (such as coal, oil, or natural gas) that is formed in the earth from
dead plants or animals. Example: Coal is the most prevalent fossil fuel we use to make
electricity.
Geothermal Energy - of, relating to, or using the natural heat produced inside the
Earth. Example: An example of humans utilizing geothermal energy would be
swimming in a natural hot spring.
Hydroelectricity - of or relating to the production of electricity by using machines that
are powered by moving water. Example: Dams are build to utilize water in generating
hydroelectricity.
*Kinetic Energy - energy made through motion. Example: When the students played
basketball, they were full of kinetic energy.
Natural Gas - gas that is taken from under the ground and used as fuel. Example:
Consumers Energy stores their natural gas in porous rocks underground.
*Non-Renewable Resources - comes from sources that cannot be replenished within
a short period of time. Example: If we use up all of our non-renewable resources, we
will have to find alternate sources of energy.
*Nuclear Energy - energy stored in the nucleus of an atom until split apart through
nuclear fission. Example: Uranium is the main element used for nuclear energy.
*Renewable Resources - comes from sources that do not run out or can be
replenished within a short period of time. Example: Solar energy is a renewable
resource because the sun continues to shine.
Solar Energy -produced by or using the sun's light or heat. Example: Solar panels are
used to collect solar energy.
Sustainable Energy - able to last or continue for a long time. Example: If we invest in
sustainable energy now, we’ll have plenty of resources in the future.
*Thermal Energy - energy created through the movement of atoms. Example: The
hand-warmers and my hands exchanged thermal energy.

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 Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each
item then write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Energy is released from fossil fuels when they are _________.

A. Burned
B. Cooled
C. Pressurized
D. Pumped
2. In hydroelectricity power, __________.
A. Kinetic energy is transferred to potential.
B. Potential energy is transferred to kinetic.
C. Solar energy is transferred to wind energy.
D. Wind energy is transferred to solar energy.

3. Solar panels generate electricity.

A. True
B. False
4. Energy in the form of heat and light is obtained by____________.
A. Biomass
B. Fossil fuels
C. Sun
D. Wind
5. Trapped heat inside the earth is known as ___________.
A. Heat energy B. Geothermal energy
C. Kinetic Energy D. Thermal energy

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TRY THIS
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. B

DO THIS
1. Coal (Fossil fuel)
2. Luzon island
3. Yes. Explanations may vary.

EXPLORE (CONCEPT MAP)

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APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
PART 1: PRO AND CON GRID. (Answers may vary but the table below
shows possible responses:)

ENERGY SOURCE PRO CON

Non-renewable Sources
1. Fossil Fuels *Fossil fuels are cheap and • *Burning fossil fuels
reliable sources of energy. contribute to global
*The technology used to warming.
harness is more developed
compared to other sources *Fossil fuels are non-
of energy. renewable energy sources.
This means that there is a
finite amount of fossil fuels
available and the reserves
are not replenished
naturally.

*Fossil fuels reserves are

spent in a non-sustainable
manner.
2. Electrochemical *Batteries are commonly *Batteries compared to other
(batteries) used since they are portable sources have low intensity.
and efficient.
Renewable Sources
1. Geothermal ✓ * If done correctly, • * If done incorrectly,
geothermal energy geothermal energy can
produces no harmful by- produce pollutants.
products. • * Improper drilling into the
✓ * Once a geothermal plant is earth can release hazardous
built, it is generally self- minerals and gases.
sufficient energy-wise. • * Geothermal sites are
✓ * Geothermal power plants prone to running out of
are usually small and have steam.
little effect on the natural
landscape.
2. Hydroelectric • *Water can be accumulated• * Dams can be very
above the dam and released expensive to build.
to coincide with peaks in •
demand. So unlike other • *There needs to be a
types of power stations, sufficient and powerful
hydroelectric power stations enough supply of water in
can promptly increase to full the area to produce energy.
capacity.
• * Electricity can be
generated constantly
because there are no
outside forces, unlike other
forms of alternative energy,
which affect the availability
of water.

17
 • * Hydroelectric power
produces no waste or
pollution since there is no
chemical reaction to
produce power.
• * Water used for
hydropower can be reused.
3. Wind Power • *Wind power produces no • * Wind power is intermittent.
pollution that can Consistent wind is needed
contaminate the for continuous power
environment. generation. If wind speed
• *Since wind generation is a decreases, the turbine
renewable source of energy, lingers and less electricity is
we will never run out of it. generated.
• * Farming and grazing can • *Large wind farms can have
still take place on land a negative effect on the
occupied by wind turbines, scenery.
which can help in the
production of biofuels.
• *Wind farms can be built off-
shore.
4. Solar Cells • *Solar power is a renewable• *Solar power does not
resource. As long as the produce energy if the sun is
Sun exists, its energy will not shining. Nighttime and
reach Earth. cloudy days seriously limit
• *Solar power generation the amount of energy
releases no water or air produced.
pollution because there is
no chemical reaction from *Solar power stations can be
the combustion of fuels. very expensive to build.
• *Solar energy can be used
very efficiently for practical
uses such as heating and
lighting.
• *The benefits of solar power
are seen frequently to heat
pools, spas, and water tanks
all over.
5. Biomass *Biomass is a renewable *Biomass can be expensive to
resource. gather, transport and store.
*Harvesting biomass for *Building biomass energy
electricity can help us reduce plants for large – scale
waste. electricity production can
*Biomass is a reliable source require large land space.
of electricity. Biomass energy *Can cause adverse
plants are dispatchable, environmental impacts
meaning they can easily be depending on the type of
turned on and off. biomass used, unsustainable
bioenergy practices can result
in deforestation over time.

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PART 2: LET’S ORGANIZE!

___2____*Heat energy is used to convert water to steam which has

kinetic energy.
___3___*Steam’s kinetic energy becomes mechanical energy that
makes turbines turn.
___1____*Energy from bond breaking and formation in fuels is
converted to heat energy. This step is not necessary if power
generation that does not require burning of fuels. E.g. Geothermal and
hydrothermal plants.
___4___*Mechanical energy from the turbines create electricity via
electromagnetism.
ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
1. A. Burned
Explanation: Fossil fuels are fuels because they release heat energy when they
are burned. They are fossil fuels because they were formed from the remains of living
organisms billions of years ago. Some of the examples of fossil fuels are coal, oil and
natural gas.
2. B. Potential energy is transferred to kinetic
Explanation: Hydroelectricity power stations use the kinetic energy in moving
water. But the water comes from behind a dam built across a river valley. The water
high up behind the dam contains potential energy.
3. B. False
Explanation: Solar panels do not generate electricity. They just heat up water
by the external electricity connection given to them. This solar panels are often located
on the roofs of the building where they can receive heat energy directly from the sun.
4. C. Sun
Explanation: Energy in the form of heat and light is obtained by sun. Sunlight
contains a large amount of energy. The Sun’s energy warms the planet’s surface,
powering titanic transfers of heat and pressure in weather patterns and ocean currents.
5. B. Geothermal Energy
Explanation: Geothermal energy is the heat from the earth. It’s clean and sustainable.
Resources of geothermal energy range from the ground to water and hot rock. The term
geothermal originates from the Greek words.

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