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Math136 w23 WA3

This document provides instructions for Written Assignment 3 for the course MATH136: Linear Algebra 1. It includes 4 questions covering topics such as linear transformations, matrix determinants, complex matrices, and properties of matrices where A^2 = -I. Students are to submit their solutions on Crowdmark by the due date and time listed. LaTeX formatting of solutions is optional but can earn an extra 0.25 grade bonus.

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yasin pakzat
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45 views2 pages

Math136 w23 WA3

This document provides instructions for Written Assignment 3 for the course MATH136: Linear Algebra 1. It includes 4 questions covering topics such as linear transformations, matrix determinants, complex matrices, and properties of matrices where A^2 = -I. Students are to submit their solutions on Crowdmark by the due date and time listed. LaTeX formatting of solutions is optional but can earn an extra 0.25 grade bonus.

Uploaded by

yasin pakzat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH136: Linear Algebra 1 Winter 2023

Written Assignment 3 Due Tuesday, Mar 14 at 8:30 AM

Instructions
ˆ Please upload your solutions into the appropriate slot on Crowdmark.

ˆ The coverage for this assignment is up to section 6.3 (inclusive). Your solutions should not
use material from any later sections. You are also allowed to use any results that appear in
Practice Problem lists 1–7 (but please make sure to clearly cite them).

ˆ You can earn a 0.25 course grade bonus for typesetting your solutions in LaTeX (or equivalent
typesetting software). Please see the course outline for more details.

Problems
Q1. Let #»
v,w#» ∈ R3 be non-zero orthogonal vectors and let T : R3 → R3 be the linear transfor-
mation defined by
T ( #»
x ) = 2 proj #» #» #» ( #»
v ( x ) + 2 proj w x ) − #»
x
and let A = [T ]E be its standard matrix.

(a) Prove that A2 = I3 . [Hint: Do not attempt to “compute” A. Instead, think about
how A2 is related to T .]
(b) Using (a), determine whether T is one-to-one and/or onto. Justify your answers.
     
1 0 a
#»  #»
(c) Consider the case where v = 0 and w = 1 . Determine T
     b  explicitly as a
0 0 c
3
vector in R . Hence, determine A in this particular case.
(d) Returning now to to the general case, let P = Span{ #» #» be the plane in R3 spanned by
v , w}
#» #»
v and w. Referring to P, give a one-sentence description of what T does geometrically.
No justification is necessary. [Hint: Use part (c) for inspiration. A correct description
will allow you to immediately see why A2 = I3 is true.]

Q2. Let An be the 2n × 2n matrix whose (i, j)th entry is given by



 3 if i < j

aij = 0 if i = j

−3 if i > j.

(a) Write down A1 and A2 .


(b) Determine det(An ) for all n ≥ 1. Justify your answer.
(c) Based on your answer to part (b), determine all values of n ≥ 1 for which An is invertible.
Justify your answer.

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MATH136: Linear Algebra 1 Winter 2023
Written Assignment 3 Due Tuesday, Mar 14 at 8:30 AM

Q3. Consider the function f : C → M2×2 (R) defined by


 
a −b
f (a + bi) = .
b a

(a) Prove that f is linear over R by proving that:


(i) f (z + w) = f (z) + f (w) for all z, w ∈ C.
(ii) f (tz) = tf (z) for all z ∈ C and t ∈ R. (Pay close attention to the fact that t ∈ R!)
(b) Prove that f is multiplicative by proving that:

f (zw) = f (z)f (w) for all z, w ∈ C.

(c) Prove that f is one-to-one. [Warning: Since f is not a linear transformation as per our
definition in Chapter 5, you shouldn’t apply any of the one-to-one criteria given there.
However, the definition of one-to-one given in Chapter 5 can be applied to any function.
That is, f is one-to-one if whenever f (z) = f (w) then z = w.]

[Note: This problem


 shows that we can “identify” C with the set of 2 × 2 real matrices of the
a −b
form , in the sense that every complex number corresponds uniquely to such a matrix,
b a
and moreover the addition and multiplication of complex numbers matches the addition and
multiplication of these corresponding matrices! This is an example of an isomorphism.]

Q4. Let A ∈ Mn×n (C).

(a) Prove that if A2 = −In and n is odd, then A must have at least one non-real entry.
(b) Show that there is a real 2 × 2 matrix A such that A2 = −I2 . [Hint: Think about Q3.]
(c) Bonus: Show that if n is even then there exists an A ∈ Mn×n (R) such that A2 = −In .

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