THE SANCTUARY OF MEMPHIS.

OR HERMES :
AN ABRIDGED HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY AND THE O RIGIN OF ALL ITS K NOWN R ITES .

Translated from the French of E. J. Maremvis de Negre,

BY N. E. KENNY.

THE recent publication, by Mr. John Murray, of Dr. Henry Brngsch-Bey's '
great work, " Egypt -under the Pharaohs, entirely derived from the
Monuments," has led to new inquiries as to the origin of Freemasonry. The
aim of the work of Dr. Brugsch is to interpret the stone records of a remote
age by the light of recent investigations. N OAV, there is no doubt that the
E gyptians (whose Asiatic, not Ethiopio, descent, is indubitable) were great
artificers , and that architecture held hi gh place of honour—often a position
nearest the throne—in the land of the Pharaohs. " The office of architect ,"
says Dr. Brugsch, "was the occupation of the noblest , men at the king 's court.
Pharaoh's architects (the Mur-ket) , who were often of the number of the
king's sons and grandsons, were held in hi gh honour, ancl the favour of their
lord gave them his own daughters out of the women's house as wives." And
the feats of those mi ghty builders of old were worthy of all the honours paid
to the designers. Witness the erections of Khufu , of Khafra, and of
Mengara ; the buildings of Heliopolis, the monuments at Karnak , the tombs
at Beni Hassan, the unequalled ruins around Lake Mceris, the Grand Hall of
Pillars, and those mystic miracles of stone—the Pyramids—on which M.
Rouge, another famous Egyptologist, says :—" Architecture has here shown
inconceivable perfection in the cutting- ancl placing of blocks of - vast
dimensions. The passages of the Great Pyramid remain a model of exact-
ness in building which has never been surpassed." On his stone
monuments Dr. Brugsch finds recorded the name and apotheosis of the.
monarch of E gyptian artificers , Martiser, who flourished forty-four
centuries before the Christian era, and was the father of Usurtasen , and pro-
genitor of a race of marvellous architects, only ajiproached by great artists
like Mer, Rois, Amenemant, Amenhotep, etc.
I make this reference to the latest book on the storied region of Egypt,
because it confirms the opinion of most learned writers, that the borne of
architecture—the site of the greatest works ever erected by the hand of man
(and most- probabl y the wondrous ruins of Baalbec and Palmyra owed
N
their ori gin to the "almond-eyed Aignptioi," as Arrian called them)—was the
cradle of the most ancient and illustrious Craft of Freemasonry.
I now present an " Abridged History of Freemasonry," from the French of
an exhaustive volume on " The Rite of Memphis, by E. J. Marconis de Negre,
author of the " Hierophant," " Recreations (Delassements) of the Human
Mind ," etc., followed by an essay, entitled " Of the Ori gin, Moral and Reli gious,
of Masonry : its Mission and the Positive Epoch of its Material Institution ,"
by Count S. de Giorgi Bertola, of Rome , Kni ght of Christ , and Member of
Freemasonry, according to the French ancl Scottish Rites, etc. This latter
brochure contains many interesting explanations of the causes of the obser-
vances of Freemasonry, with some fairly eloquent concurrent moralising, and
may be received as an acceptable complement to the able "Histoire Abregee cle
Mac." of M. Marconis de Negre, who, it will be seen , claims for France at
present the most ancient rite in the world—that of Memphis.
THE TRANSLATOR .

T HE origin of Masonry, like that of all the great institutions destined to

exercise a potent influence upon the future of the human race, has been lost in
the night of time. A thousand contradictory opinions have been emitted npon
the subject, a thousand systems have been tried, but to this day no system has
sufficed to assume a preponderance sufficientl y marked to rally around it a
general acquiescence. To attempt to enumerate and to analyse the different
opinions would be a work at once fastidious and of but little use. T AVO facts
alone seem well assured by all authors, and may serve as a stand-point . The
first is that Masonry has had its ori g in in the East ; the second , that it is a
continuation of the ancient mysteries, or at least that it presents to them
striking analogies. "Whatever may be the source wherefrom we derive Free-
masonry," says Brother Quentin in his " Diet. Mao.," " it is evident that it
presents, even its minor details,. memories and traditions of the ancient
initiation." "It is in Asia," says Brother Valleteau de Chabref y in his "Masonic
Annals," "the cradle of the human race , that we find the most ancient
institution of this kind—that of the Brahmans (Brahminy as now known in
India). From Asia the knoivled ge of th ese sublime truth s passed into Africa ,
where were celebrated the mysteries of Isis, ivhich have a striking relationshi p
to Freemasonry." These two passages sum up, with sli ght variations , the
opinions most generally adopted on Masonry. Both place that origin near the
cradle of the human race ; both make of it the repository of primitive know-
ledge ; and it is in this sense that the profound St. Martin has said , "Masonry
is an emanation of the Divinity, " ancl the Englishman, Smith, that " Adam
was the depository of Masonic science, and that be derived it from God."
But if , setting aside presumptuous research , we desire to take into account
the motives which have caused to be given to this mysterious science the
name of Freemasonry, we shall be free to choose between the opinion of those
who derive it from the Tower of Babel—that first ancl bold attempt of the
power of human intelligence—or of those who would wish to rediscover in it
the memorial of the Temple of Solomon—that marvel of human art, aided by
divine inspiration ; or, lastly, from the archaeologists, that in pre-bistorie times
every science was symbolised in a structure, ancl that , in the language of the
poet, when building a city the constructors were not p iling up stones but
founding- institutions.
The banks of the Ganges and those of the Nile were then witnesses of the
first initiations. The division of castes, common to the E gyptians and the
Indians , and their ternary number (merchants, soldiers, and priests,) indicate
clearly enough the three degrees of initiation , even now reflected in political
institutions. Few documents are now known , or perhaps extant, as to the
Indian initiation. The Vedas, which the Rite of Memphis has been exploring,
may give us some li ght upon the subjec t. As to the E gyptian initiation , its
renown has run through and pervaded the world, ancient and modern , and all
the initiations were her offspring.
The sacred books of the Hebrews render homage to the Egyptian initia-
tion when recording that Moses was instructed in the " sciences of the
Egyptians," or, in other terms, that he was initiated.
From Egyp t the mysteries passed into Samothrace , and thence were dis-
seminated throughout Greece and Italy. In Persia they had previously been
known. Their civilizing influence was such that Cicero did not hesitate to
say that " these mysteries have given us life and nourishment ; they have
inculcated manners and laws to society, ancl taught men how to live like men. "
Christianity came, ancl expanded the circle of initiation. It extended to all
men the benefits of the moral element of the mysteries. As to the scientific
part, its (Christianity 's) Great Founder neglected it as less essential to His
mission. He bequeathed that as a noble pasture to the indefati gable studies
of the inquisitive and the wise. Still Christianity was far from absorbing
within its bosom all -the sacred sciences. Philosophy preserved its indepen-
dence, although it became Christian. Origen, Justin, Clement of Alexandri a,
Hermias, and many other Fathers of the early Christian ages are proofs of
this. There have even been philosophers who imposed upon themselves the
task of reconciling and bringing into concord the Christian, dogmata, and the
philosophic teachings of Paganism. The Gnostics and the Manicheans,
anathematised by the Church , essayed a similar work, and their efforts were not
devoid of a certain greatness.
Manes, from Avhom the Seconds have derived their name , was born in the
year 257 of the Vulgate era. There was at that epoch in . Egypt a man named
Scythion, an Arab by birth, fully instructed in the secrets of the Magi ; he
had the knowledge of hieroglyphy, of astronomic mythology, and practised
the most healthy morality. He composed four works , under the titles of
" Gospels, Chapters, Mysteries, and Treasures." Ferbulio, his pupil and
disciple, inherited his fortune ancl his works, went to Palestine, ancl endeavoured
to propagate the sect of the Magi. Persecuted there he took refuge in Persia ,
where he changed his name, ancl called himself Buddas . Still the priests of
Mythra (of E gypt) persecuted him , and he took refuge in the house of a
widow , where he died. This widow, having purchased a slave , adopted him ,
and gave him the name of Curbicus. This young man gained great know-
led ge from the books of Ferbulio , and, after his example , changed his name for
that of "Manes, " which signified "conversation " or "assemblage. " He
founded the sect which bears his name—the Manicheans—to be found in
Church history. Pursued by the hatred of the Bishop of Kassan, by name
Archelaus, and of the priest Marcellus , be took refuge, in order to escape , in a
small castle called "Arabion , " on the river Strenga ; but he was denounced
by another priest, named Triphon , to the King of Persia, who sent seventy-two
guards to apprehend him. He was arrested on the brid ge of the river at the
moment he was betaking himself into a nei ghbouring town, called Diodovide.
The king condemned him to be flayed alive (le roi le condamna a, ctre
eeyrehc vif) . After his death the number of his disciples increased con-
siderabl y. His doctrines gained followers amongst men of the most elevated
intellects ; ancl it is well known that St. Augustin had been a Manichean. The
affiliation of the Manicheans with the sages of anti quity is proved by a fact
ivhich has not hitherto been observed. The Catholic Church reproached them
with believing in two princi ples, and, consequentl y, in two Deities. The
reproach was unjust , for by their teaching they onl y inculcated the observance
of the three gradations prescribed in E gypt for education—first , Dualism, or
belief in two princi ples ; second, Zabaothism, admiration of the forces of
Nature ; third , Jobaism, or the worship of an only God , a Soverei gn independent
of the material world. They therefore did not preach Dualism as the true
doctrine , but as a way to pass in order to arrive at the manifestation of Truth
N 2
in its entirety. Many ages afterwards the Kni ght Templars embraced this
doctrine, whose mysteries they celebrated with the utmost secrecy, and
adopted, after its example, the designation of the " Sons of the Widow," and
symbolised the death of Manes, under the name of Hiram, architect of the
Temple of Solomon.
Arrived at the period of the order of the Templars, we perceive the history
of Masonry grow clearer and become more certain and reliable. The Order of
the Temple was not the cradle of Masonry, but it was the most noble expres-
sion ancl outcome of it. The Templars preserved its -united strength during
their brilliant career ; and after their destruction we can follow the ramifica-
tions which broke up Freemasonry into so many branches.
But from whom had the Templars received the entire collection of
Masonic science ? From the brethren of the East, whose founder was an
Egyptian sage named Ormus, converted to Christianity by St. Mark. But
Ormus purified the doctrine of the Egyptians according to the precepts of
Christianity. About the same time the Essenians and 'other Jews founded a
school of Solomonic science, which united itself to that of Ormus. The dis-
ciples of Ormus, up to A .D . 1118, remained the sole depositories of the ancient
Egyptian " wisdom," purified by Christianity and the Solomonic science. This
doctrine they communicated to the Templars, who were then known under the
title of "Kni ghts of Palestine," or " Brothers of the Red Cross of the East ,"
and it is those whom the Rite of Memphis recognised as its immediate
founders.
In 1150, eighty-one of them arrived in SAveden under the guidance of
Garimont, and presented themselves to the Archbishop of Upsala, who received
from them the collection of Masonic knowledge. It was those eighty-one
Masons who established Masonry in Europe.
After the death of James Molay, head of the Kni ght Templars of France,
some Scotch Templars, having seceded at the instigation of King Robert
Bruce, ranged themseh'es under the banner of a new order instituted by that
prince, the receptions into which order were based upon those of the Order of
the Temple. It is in this incident that we have to seek for the ori gin of
Scotch Masonry, and even for that of other Masonic rites. The Scotch
Templars were excommunicated in 1324 by Harminius. This date agrees
ivith that of Brother Cherean as to the separation of the "Masons of Edin-
burgh " from those of Memphis, which took place in 1322—that is to say, two
years before. The latter remained faithful to the olden traditions ; the former
founded a new rite or dispensation , under the name of " Heredon of Kil-
winning," or of " Scotland."
Hence, then , ive find , towards the end of the 14th century, two existent
rites—the Rite of Memphis or of the Orient (the East) and the Scottish Rite.
Both continued to derive accessions of members in all parts of Europe—the
Scottish Rite being- greatly aided in obtaining members through the bod y of
Royal Archers in the service of the French kings, and from the numbers of
that hardy ancl warlike race scattered at the time th roughout Europe.
It must be observed, however, that Masonry did not become public in
France till the comencement of the 18th century, though so long before an
institution in England. The first promoters of Masonry in France were, in
1725, Lord Derwentwater (holder only of the title of the gallant young
Jacobite beheaded for his share in the rising for the first Pretender , in 1715),
the Chevalier Maskelyne, ancl M. d'Heguell y, who established the first Masonic
Lodge in Paris , Rue des- Boucheries-St.-Germai n, which Lodge was instituted
on the 7th May, 1729, by the Grand Lodge of England, under the distinctive
title of St. Thomas. Count d'Harnouester succeeded Lord Derwentwater as
first Grand Master on the 24th December , 1736, and was replaced on the 11th
December, 1743, by the Count cle Clermont. The same year the Grand English
Lodge of France established itself in Paris , ancl declared itself independent in
 1756, However, Brother Lacorne , delegated by the Count de Chermont,
established in 1761 a Grand Lod ge, which, although at first disagreeing,
fraternised on the 24th. January, 1762, through the labours of M. Chaillon de
Gouville , his successor ; but, in 1765, a complete rupture took place. Those
two Grand Lodges anathematised each other, and matters came to such a pass
that "work " ceased on the 24th June, 1767. The first Grand Lodge resumed
work on the 21st June, 1772. The secon d did the same on the 24th December
of the same year, constituting- themselves under the title of the Grand Orient ,
a title nnder which it still continues to be known.
On the 5th of March, 1773, the first assemblage of the Grand Orient took
place, and it proclaimed its public existence on the 9th of the same month.
On the 24th of Jul y following- the Duke of Luxembourg, its Grand Master ,
installed the three chambers which then composed the Lodge, and on the 28th
October of that year Louis Philli pe Joseph d'Orleans AA'as elected Grand
Master.
The Grand Lodge declared , on the 17th June, 17c4, that the Grand Orient
had acted both usurpingly and irregular ; but, deprived , as it would appear, of
influential and capable membership, and without assistance outside, it could
merely limit its vindication to a barren contest of pamphlets and misconceived
decisions.
During this time the Grand Orient strode forward rapidly towards a
Masonic unity, now become desirable, and effected numerous ameliorations.
On the 14th June , 1773, it suppressed the irremovableness of the Venerables,
who were then Masters of Lodges from whence issued the grade of Mag ister ad
vitam (Master for life) . On the 23rd October following the Grand Orient for
the first time issued the six-monthly pass-word—a custom which has ever
since prevailed. At length, on the 27th December, 1774, the Grand Orient
substituted the name of the " Masonic Order " for that of the " Royal Art "
(Collection of Precepts).
On the 13th May, 1793, the Grand Mastership was declared vacant in con-
sequence of the resignation of its titulary, the Duke of Orleans. And the
Grand Orient and the Grand Lod ge resumed the business of the Order
in 1796.
Through the anxious and careful management of Brother Roitier de
Montalau , a contract of union, the need of which had been long and universally
felt, was entered into and signed on the 21st May, 1799 ; and the meeting of
the contesting institutions took place on the 22nd June subsequentl y—the
Grand Orient absorbing the " Grand Lodge." Thus terminated the scandalous
discussions ancl dissensions — all anathemas retracted , and all exclusions
revoked.
During those quarrels of the Grand Lod ge and of the Grand Orient , and
even anteriorl y, other rites were established in France. On the 15th of April ,
1747, Charles Edwart Stuart, the grandson of James II. of England , and son
of the Prinee called the "Old Pretender," opened at Arras a primordial
Chapter of the "Scottish Jacobite. " In 1754 the Chevalier de Bonneville
founded the Hierophant Grand Lod ge, named De Clermont. The Kni ghts of
the Empires of the East and of the West established themselves at Paris in
1758, and in the following year a Chapter of the Fathers of the R.\ S.\ was
established in Bordeaux. At length, Pirlet founded , on the 22nd of July,
1722, the Cons.', des Chev.'. d'Oiv . (Council of the Kni ghts of the East) ; and
on the 21st September, same year, the Council of the Empires of the East and
West and that of the R.'. S.\ arrested Masonry from perfection at the
25th degree.
Stephen Morin, a Jew, had received, in the preceding- year, authorisation
from the-Lodge of the Knights of the East and the West to propagate Masonry
in America , whence Brother Hocquet in 1803, ancl Brother Grasse-Tilley in
1804, reported to France , the first with 25, the second with 33 degrees.
 Brother Matheus likewise established in Rouen, in 1786, a S.'. Grand Lodge
of the rite of H.'. of Kilwinning of the Scottish Order at Rouen .
The Grand Orient had long thought it time to reunite under its authority all
those dissident and varied rites. On the 27th December, 1801, it had taken
into its fold the Knights of Arras ; on the 5th December, 1804, it had received
to its bosom the Grand Lod ge of Scotland , of the ancient dispensation ; but
this union was broken. It was not until the 16th September of the following
year that a definitive concordat or agreement took place; this Council
remained independent for the collation of grades above the 18th degree.
On the 19th December, 1804, the Grand Orient declared that they recognised
all the rites in their entirety. Conformably with this decision it, named a
Directory of Rites, which was installed on the 25th July, 1805. This Direc-
tory was replaced by a Grand College, divided into as many sections as there
were recognised rites. For example, the French Rite, that of Herodius ; the
Scotch, Ancient ancl Existent (anc. et ac), of Kilwinning ; the Philosophic,
Ai'ith its reg ime rectified. That same year Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte was
elected sixth Grand Master.
Must we here mention a neiv rite, which, in order to take advantage of
this toleration , endeavoured to establish itself about the year 1813, under the
name of the Rite of Misraim ? [To avoid foot-notes, it may be stated that
persons unversed .in Masonic researches confound the Rite of Memphis and
that of Misraim. The Rite of Misraim has nothing more Egyptian about it
than its name, which is that of one of the earliest Kings of Egypt. For the
rest, the rite is entirel y the result of the imagination of MM. Bedarride. The
Rite of Memphis, or the Oriental, on the contrary, is of the highest antiquity,
ancl belongs to the ancient doctrine of Egypt, through Ormus, priest of
Memphis, an Egyptian city which possessed the best "sacerdotal college "which
ever existed.] That Rite (or ceremony) of Misraim bad for its inventors and
founders the two brothers Bedarride. MM. Bedarride pretended that their
rite had existed in France from the year 1782, ancl that at the commencement
of the century it possessed Chapters at Naples, at Venice, and in the Ionian
Islands. It is well knoAvn in France, ancl notorious amongst the initiated of
Great Britain ancl her colonies, that the Rite of Misraim was never heard of
before 1817, an epoch in ivhich the Grand Orient proscribed and prohibited it.
It no longer exists in Venice, in the Ionian Isles, ancl in the kingdom of Italy.
The Ionian Islands, before their restoration to the King of the Hellenes, or
to the kingdom of Greece, by England, professed only the English ancl Scotch
rites ; nnder French rule they only practised the prinvovdiai and the Scotch
Rites. Venice, in practising the Egyptian observance, has only since
acknoAvledged that introduced by Cagliostro, seconded by the zeal of Brother
Zuliaui—the 36th degree of. the rite of Memphis. If , from the ori gin of the
Rite of Misraim ive pass to its acts, we find that , unable, from its first steps, to
go alone, it requested the Grand Orient to recognise it in 1816.
It was on the 14th day of the month, A .M . 5816, that the Grand Orient
issued a commission to inquire into this demand ; and upon the report of this
commission the Grand Orient proscribed this rite on the 27th day of the tenth
month, 5817, supporting the decision upon the "basis that MM. Bedarride "had
not a single regular ritual, and had not been even able to justif y their Masonic
qualifications. "
Struck with the inconvenience, graver still than Masonic irregularity,
which the practice of this rite presented, the Grand Orient sent forth another
circular , dated 10th of the eighth month, 5821. This circular refers to and
confirms the tenour of thatof the tenth month, 5817. It likewise ordered , under
the heaviest Masonic penalties, all the lod ges under its jurisdictio n to interdict
entrance to the Temple to all members of that rite.
But let us abandon these sad discussions , at the source of which every
spring may not be equally honourable, and let us only take care that so noble a
 dispensation as Masonry be not tainted by the passions which conceal them-
selves under its august mantle. One fact—a fact of immense importance—
results from this expose , ancl that is, that the unit y of Masonry is lost.
Therein lies the great misfortune , for the strength of an institution consists in
its unity. But what can avail against fact? It would be foll y to attempt to
deny or contest it. There is, however, one way of counterbalancing the per-
nicious influence of these disjointments ; and that is, to call the attention of
all Masons of the different rites to the moral and scientific genius of Masonry,
ancl to reconstitute the unity of views and thoughts, if we cannot restore
unity of action and of power. This is the chief purpose of the Rite of
Memp his. Depository of the entire collection of tradition , the oldest of all
existing rites, it will gii'e them an example of personal abnegation , of Masonic
charity, ancl of disinterested devotion to the prosperit y of Masonry. Happy
shall it esteem itself if such an examp le shall have many imitators 1
ORIGIN OF ALL THE KNOWN MASONIC RITES.
The Masonic Rite of Memphis, or the Oriental , was broug ht into Europe
by Ormus, a priest of Set-ap is (prelre serap hupw) , of Alexandria , a sage of
Egypt, converted by Saint Mark, A .D . 46, AVIIO purified the doctrines of the
Egyp tians according to the princi ples of Christianity. The Ancient , or
Scottish Rite, was established in Paris in the year 1725. A manuscrip t of
the Edinburgh Rite, Avritten in the following- century, ancl translated into
English, alleges that Scottish Masonry was instituted h y the -celebrated
heresiarch Manes in the year of Christ 304.
The modern or French rite, in which some follow the legend of Hiram ,
others that of Adouhiram,* whence it is sometimes called "Hiramite Masonry, "
ancl sometimes " Aclouhiramite Masonry," ivas founded by Bro. Lacorne,
delegated by the Count de Clermont, who established , on the 24th December,
1772, a Grand Lodge, which constituted itself under the title of the Grand
Orient. On the 5th of March , 1773, the first assembl y of the Grand Orient
took place, and proclaimed its institution on the 9th of the same month . The
rite of the Strict Observance AVUS created in the year 1734 by Baron Hund ,
that of Philalethes (from p hilos and aleihef), or lovers and seekers after truth ,
in 1773, by Savalette cle Loges ancl Court cle Gebelin. This rite had for object
the perfection of man and his approach to wards that from which he had
emanated, following the princi ples of Martiiiism, the regeneration of humanity
and its restoration to primitive innocence as Avell as its reintegration in the
rights which it had forfeited by ori ginal sin 1 The rite of the Elect of Truth
was instituted at Rennes in 1748, ancl arranged by Mangourit in 1776. The
Rite of the Perfect Initiated of Egyp t, comprising- seven grades , was formed
at Lyons, according to a copy of the Grata Bepon, of which Bro, Bailleul lvrote a
translation in 1821 from the ori ginal German . The Rite of the Architects of
Africa was instituted in 1767. The Rite of Swedenborg, or the Illuminati of
Stockholm (a theosophic Masonry, the sevent y-second degree of the Masonic
Rite of Memphis), founded in 1621. The Rite of Penertt y, or the Illuminati
of Avignon , established in 1779, and transferred in 1787 to Montpellier under
the title of the Academy of True Masons (Maconnerie hermetique,). The Rite
of Universal Harmony, instituted in 1782 by Mesnier. The Rite of the
Xerophagists , founded in Ital y in 1746. The Rite of the Phatonic Academy,
founded in 1482, under Lorenzo de Medicis, by Marsilius Ficint. The Rite of
the Sublime Masters of the Luminous Ring, founded in France in 1780 by
Bro. Grant ; this rite caused the revival of the School of Pythagoras. The
Rite of the Palladium , attributed to Fenelon. The Mesmerican Masonry,
founded by Mesmer according to magnetic science, Avhich many manuscri p ts
assure us to have been known to the ancient initiated. The Primitive Rite or

* This name is composed of two Hebre w words : Adou, master ; and Hiram , life, elevation.
that of the Philadel phoi (Friendl y Brothers) of Narbonne , established in that
city 19th April, 1780, and united to the Grand Orient of France in 1786. The
programme of the members who composed it was printed in 1790 , under the
title of the " First Lodge of the Primitive Rite in France." In perusing it
we find a curious fragment upon the character and object of the rite, which
appears to us to have a great resemblance to that ef Memp his, or the Oriental.
According to this document the process is performed by three classes of Masons,
who receive ten degrees of instruction. These degrees or classes are not the
designations of such or such grades , but of denominations , or selections, or
combinations, which it only requires us to unravel in order to elicit an almost
infinite number of grades. The special object of the programme seemed to be
the rehabilitation or reintegration of intellectual man in his station and his
primitive ri ghts. In our days this opinion, however eccentric it may be, has
been adopted by profound thinkers like Fabre d'Oliver , Ballanche, etc.
The Rite of Misraim was founded in Paris in 1813 by the brothers
Bedarride. We have also the Persian or Philosophic, the H. D. M. Kilwinning
(Scottish ori gin) ; Scotch Philosophic, of Yorck (English ori gin) ; Des
Escossais fideles ou de la Viellebru (the Faithful Scotch , or of the Old Daughter-
in-law—a reference in the latter designation to which ive have no key, except
that the French dispensation came from Scotland) ; of Zinnendort ; Egyptian ,
or of Cagliostro ; Martinist, or the chosen Coens ; the Eons (Easterns), of
Zoroaster ; Brothers of the Red Cross, of the Royal Ark , of Palestine, of the
Scandinavian Knights, of the Knights of the Desert , of the Knights of the
Holy City, Order of Christ, Eclectic Rite, Rite of Adoption for Women, the
same according to Cagliostro ; Masonic Order of Cucchiora (Trowel) Order
of Liberty, attributed to Moses ; Templars ; Tribu nal of Heaven.
With these varied rites on hand , no marvel Bro. E. J. Marconis de Negro
should yearn for unity.
NOTE ON THE ORDER OF THE TEMPLE.
The Templars were an Order of Christian Knights, instituted in 1118 by
nine notables, amongst whom are named Hugues (Hugh) de Payans and
Geoffroi de St. Omer , for the purpose of reconquering and defending Palestine
against the assaults and insults of the Mahometans or Saracens. Baldwin ,
King of Jerusalem, granted them an establishment near the site ivheron had
stood the Temple of Solomon ; thence derived the name of " Templars." Ten
years after their institution the Council of Troyes approved of this nascent
Order, and St. Bernard drew up its statutes. The Order of the Temple
made rapid progress, and counted ivithin its circle members of the most
illustrious families of Europe. Its riches proportionatel y increased so as to
excite the avidity of many sovereigns. Philip the Fair was the first who
executed, the project of laying hands upon the immense wealth of the Temple
by inciting Pope Clement V., his creature, to pronounce the abolition of the
Order. " The proceeding was atrocious ," writes Michelet. "The ecclesiastical
ju dges wrenched, by torture, avowals from its members, and burned, as
relapsed 'malignants,' those who afterwards dared to retract those torture-
wrung ' confessions.' The Grand Master, Jaques Molay, burnt at Paris with
more than sixty Knights, protested his innocence to the last, ancl summoned
the King and the Pope to appear before God before a year should pass away. The
prediction was accomplished (1314). "
Some wrecks of the Order , escaping from the axe and the butchers, con-
tinued the Order of the Temple after the martyrdom of Jacques de Molay and
his companions , and by an uninterrup ted tradition the Order of the Temple
has been perpetuated up to the present clay, has preserved the depository of the
traditions entrusted to the ori ginal Templars ; and for the exploits of a
chivalrous gallantry which so gloriously signalised its public career it has
substituted the noble works which honour, in our days , its philosophic and
esoteric life.
 Although, correctly speaking, the Order of the Temple is not a Masonic
rite, it has at all times fraternised with the Freemasons, and given an example
of enlightened literature which we should be happy to see imitated by certain
Masonic brotherhoods.
INSTRUCTION OP THE KAD0SCH TEMPLAR
(RUE OK MEMPHIS, KNIGHT OT THE TEMr-LE, 34TH DEGEEE) .

The Word : Habamah (the High Sanctuary) .

Password : Eliel (Might of God). Answer : Menahem (Consolation from
God), Nekam-magghah (vengeance for murder).
Word with Touching : Kyrie (lord).
Words of the " Crossed : " Evar gar eth Adonai bechol ngeth, thamid
thehillatho bephi (I will bless God at all times ; his praise shall be ever in
my month).
Other Words : Bahabah alihalek im heani (I shall share with the poor
with loving kindness).
The reader perceives there is but one Greek word above amongst the
Hebrew, which manifests in a way the natal soil of the institution. The
fraternal banquets are named agapes (Gallicised Greek, meaning love or friend-
ship) ; and those fraternal gatherings are of the hi ghest antiquit y, their object
being to draw closer the ties of brotherly love amongst the initiated.
As to signs, etc., the folloAving is quoted from the notice of the 13th degree
—the Royal Arch, of which we now and again read reports in the dail y
papers :—" The Royal Arch is a purely English denomination , and should
rather be called the Royal Vault. Signs of admiration (Rite of Memphis) :
one knee on the ground, the head bent towards the left, and the hands raised
towards heaven ; of adoration , to fall on the two knees. Touch (Rite of
Memphis) : to place the hands under the arms of the tyler, as if to assist him
to rise, saying the HebreAv words , ' Toub baani amal hab ' (meaning, ' It is
truly good to recompense labour ') ; in answer, the tyler makes the same sign,
and says, ' Jabulnm ' (that is, 'A good Mason '). The Scottish Rite is the same.
Knocking (Rite of Memphis) : five knocks by two and three. Scottish Rite
the same.

THE HEATHER-CLAD MOOR.

LONG to be off—to be going away

I From the smoke of the town (for a long summer's day)
With its close atmosphere and its care-haggard poor—
I long to be off to the heather-clad moor.

For the noise and the hubbub of town I would hear

The sound of the health-giving breeze in my ear ;
The cries of the curleAV and moor-game with me
Than those of the city would better agree.
I long to be off.
The purple-crowned heather, the sweet-scented thyme,
The birchen-clothed valley untainted by crime,
The clear winding burn as it flows down the glen,
Are sights better far than the dwellings of men.
I long to be off.
AV. COEBETT
 A VISIT TO THE ENGLISH LAKES.
(Continued f rom p ag e 178.)

TT7YTHBURN now comes in sight, with its

"modest house of prayer,
As lowly as the lowliest dwelling."

and, as we get nearer to it, we see how appropriate the description—

" Humble it is, and meek, and very low,
And speaks its purpose by a single bell."
From here the ascent is often made of
"Blue Helvellyn ! hill of hills !
Giant amongst the giants .'"
Passing Wy thburn " drear Helvellyn," as Hartley Colerid ge st y les it, is
"seen
AJairlyascending amitlst crags anil hills
The mightiest one—associate of the sky!"
Thirlmere, the proposed Manchester reservoir, is next reached , and its banks
skirted ; we are in
"The narrow valley of St. John,
Down sloping to the western sky; "
and Castle Rock is seen in the distance,
" with airy turrets crown'd,
Buttress and rampires' circling bound,
And mighty keep and tower ;
Scem'd some primeval giant' s hand
The castle's massive walls had plann'd
A pondrous bulwark to withstand
Ambitious Nimrod' s power."
As Ave draw nearer Ave find its extraordinary appearance somewhat warrants
Sir Walter Scott's exaggeration. We pass
"Beneath the castle's gloomy pride,"
and over " the nestling stream " that crosses the road. In front rise " stern
Blencathara 's perilous hei ght," and " dim Skiddaiv," who
" shrouds
His double front among Atlantic clouds,
" And pours forth streams more sweet than Castaly."

"Lovel y Derwent AVater"lays on our left, Avith its beautifully wooded hei ghts
and islets, and Keswick in a snug little corner. We still rattle along up and
down hill , with the pleasantest of company : the coachman has just taken the
horn and blows a blast to announce our approach, children run after us for
coppers to be thrown to them, and with a few more tugs and jolts we roll into
the " metropolis of the lakes ." AVe succeed in finding the house to which we
are directed , and enjoy a comfortable tea. This OA'er, we ramble about
Keswick, and visit the new ordnance model of the lakes, which certainly gives
us as good an idea as possibl e of the mountains and valleys ; the scale is six
inches to the mile. Some of the houses near Keswick are very picturesque, being
covered with ivy and moss, and look like "things of nature." Our survey
 finished , we return to our lodgings and retire to rest. The night gives place
to a most lovely morning, the sun shining bri ghtly, and the birds chirping
merrily. AVe saunter by the lake beneath the trees, ancl amid the ferns ,
intoxicated with the balmy atmosphere.
" Deep stillness lies upon, this lovely lake :
The air is calm, the forest trees are still."
A glorious walk brings us at last to the famous Loclore Fall, immortalised by
Southey, and from his poem most people expect to see a much more magnificent
fall than the one that exists. It is very broken ancl crowded with huge stones
rolled from the mountain side ; there is not much water, and we climbed and
scrambled to the head. It is a Avild but beautiful scene , the " water clashing
and splashing " between two preci p itous crags covered with vegetation . A
deep draug ht of its pure iee-eohl Avater and ive are off back again. In the
afternoon ive walk along the Denven b, " the fairest of all rivers, winding
among gi\issyholms," and watch the fish sporting in its dappled ivaters till
ive come to Orosthwa ite, with a pretty little church, containing a monument
of the poet Southey and a poetical inscri p tion by Wordswor th . In the
churchyard is a neat slab to the memory of Southey, ancl many ancient grave-
stones, among the number that of Hogarth's family. After tea ive take a
silent row on the placid lake, ancl touch at St. Herbert's Island.
I ins island, guarded from profane approach
By mountains high and ivaters widely spread ,
Is tho recess to ivhich St. Herbert came
In life's decline ."
" Here stood his threshold ; here was spread the roof ,
That sheltered him—a self-secluded man."
AVe row round the lake till the stars shine and the li ghts appear ; the moun-
tains and islands around us, the beautiful reflection of the glowing sky in the
water, and the rapid motion of the boat on the calm surface of the lake , make
the situation one of the most delightful. But to descend from the sublime to
the commonplace , blisters are the result of our tAvo hours ' row. AVe seem to
like Keswick better than any place ive have been to yet, and imagine that
nothing can supersede it. The morning brings another fine day, and we again
attemp t the ascent of Sea Fell; a A'iew of the ordnance model gives us a distinc
idea of ivhafc Ave are going to clo. We take the Bnttermere coach as far as
Seatoller so as to lessen the labour. On the road we stop at BarroAV Fall , a poor
artificial one, and scarcely Avorth seeing. AVe also-stop at the BoAvder Stone ;
' Upon a semi-cirqne of turf -clad ground ,
A mass of rock, resembling- as it lays
Eight at the foot of that moist precipice
A stranded ship with keel upturned , that rests
Careless of wind and waves."
This is a true descri ption of this huge stone , estimated to weigh nearly two
thousand tons. We climb to the top^ of it, and shake hands through the hole
underneath it , and give the old woman at the little cottage her expected fee.
The coach is resumed again , which leaves a lad y ancl gentlemen at Rosthwaite
to Avalk over Stake Pass. AVe leave it at Seatoller to go on to Butter-
mere, while we take the road to Sea Fell. We are graduall y getting to the
head of the valley, ancl the dark-green yeiv trees mentioned, by AVordsworth
are the next objects that meet our notice.
" those fraternal four of Borrowdalo,
Joined in one solemn, and capacious grove ;
Huge trunks, and each particular trunk a growth
Of intertwisted fibres serpentine,
Upcoiling, and iiiveterately convolved
Nor uuinformed with phantasy, and looks
That threaten tho profane."
Immediatel y after, on the same side, is the ivoi-ld-renowned .Borroivchilo lead
mine, with the charming Sour Milk Gill Fall a few yards oil',—
" the mountain (lood
Murmuring from C-rlni-amai-a's inmost caves."
We pass Seathwaite, noted as the ivcltcst place in Eng land, but are not
favoured with a shower ; the sky and all aboi'o is bri ght and snnny. We IIOAV
seem to have launched fairl y into the " drear deserts of Boi-roivdale."
" Here vague and barren grandeur spreads abroad ,
And darkness and dismay and dann-er dwell.
No grassy sward of green is nourished here .
" Here a wilful , riotous torrent conies
Mad from the mountains, and when July drought
Scorches tho hills , here all subdued yet wild
The muttering river drags its lazy course,
And makes hoarse discord with the rocks and stones. "
Ladies ancl gentlemen are very plentiful, and we meet two or three parties
coming from the mountains. ~ We seem almost hemmed in by the hei ghts, and
begin to think ive are in a ml de sac ; but the infallible "Jenkinson " points a
way out of the difficulty. AAf e go over Stockley Brid ge, ancl scramble up
Taylor 's Gill Falls, with a siveltering hot sun above us and " Excelsior " for
our motto. Sty Head tarn is the next landmark, or, rather, watermark ; it
looks A'ery small, but takes some time to walk round. A good many more
parties seem to be making the ascent, with the aid of guides. Branching to
the left ive reach Sprinkling tarn. Suddenly, Derivent Water, ivith its lovely
wooded islands , bursts upon our deli ghted sight between two crags. It seems
a long, long way off , with its blue Avater. and deep CIOAVII in the beautiful green
valley. Another turn to the ri ght brings us to a rough stony part Avhi ch has
to be traversed ; it is very hard , tiring work, and ive almost despair eAr er
reaching the topmost hei ght. A streamlet furnishes us with a little Avater
which we carry with us, ancl it is most refreshing when Ave clo at last reach the
summit. Landmarks in the sh ape of p iles of stones mark the ivay, ancl the
extreme peak is capped with a well-built cairn , twelve feet hi gh. Climbing
this Ave have now reached the hei ght of our ambition , and look around arid
beneath on the bleak mountains. AAr e can onl y see about twent y miles around,
as there is a slight mist on the horizon ; but still the view is very fine ancl
extensive. Five or six gentlemen ancl two families are our companions on this
skyey solitude. The whole lake district is mapped out before us. Black
Combe (" dread name derived from storms and clouds "), " Glaramara , home of
thunder. "
" Wryuoso, set amidst the south ,
A hideous child that was deserted
By its mother Cockermouth. "
Helvellyn , and Skiddaiv stand out consp icuousl y, and a host of peaks, too
bewildering to specif y, surround us. On one side we have the famou s Mickle-
dore chasm, separating the peak from Sea Fell , once considere d impracticable,
ancl now onl y passed with great difficul ty and danger by experienced
mountaineers. On the other side , in the distance, ive can see the Pillar
mountain , with its rock, one of the most delicate and hazardous pieces of
mountaineering in England.
" it almost looks
Like some vast building made of many crags ;
And in the midst is one particular rock
That rises like a column from the vaie."
We sit down amid the vast scenery, and eat our well-earned lunch , and then
start for Keswick again. My friend foolishl y is determined to descend by
Pier's Gill, direct for Sty Head tarn , a difficult and dangerous way ; but I
 prefer the old roundabout route by Sprinkling tarn as the safest and best
known. He will wait for me at Sty Head. I get there in about an hour, and my
friend is not there, and after ivaiting some time I imagine that he must have
gone on. The way back is very rough, and I have a few tumbles over the
jagg ed stones ancl break my flask. The old scenes are passed in quick suc-
cession, ancl ni ght is fast drawing on. I enquire of every person if he has
seen anybody resembling my friend , but the answer is always in the negative.
Three hours stiff walking and I am once more on the banks of Derwent
Water, and haA'e the pleasure of Avitnessing, through the nearly autumn-tinted
leaves of the trees, a most gorgeous sunset. The mountain tops are ti pped
with gold, the lake ripples the reflection into crimson ringlets, ancl the silent
gliding boats leave a silver trail behind them. The islands, with their dark
trees breaking the reflection , lend more beauty to the scene, and in the distance
the colour fades into a glorious purple. Nothing is heard but the cawing of
crows, the lowing of cattle, ancl the tiny babble of the water ; all -wears the
aspect of a most delightful fairy scene. Another hour along the shore of this
loA'ely lake, and I arrive at KeSAi'ick ; ancl my friend has not turned up ! I
am most anxious, and make all sorts of surmise, hardly knowing what to do.
However, I get my tea, and in an hour-and-a-half he arrives, to my extreme
satisfaction and relief , he having found the short cut much the harder and
longer way, and losing his umbrella in a gully. " All's well that ends Avell ."
AVe go to the model again, and talk over the routes. Our long and' tirino-
walk inclines us for sleep. Another glance at the town in the morning, and
we take the train for Troutbeck, noticing a few Hull faces. There the coach
takes us on the road to Patterdale. The weather is dull ancl damp, but after-
wards turns out fine. GoAvbarroAV Park is very prettily Avooded , and ive skirt
the lake, " where flow'rets W OAV ancl whispering naiads dwell," catching a
deli ghtful glimpse as we pass by Lyulph's Tower," with its ivy-clad Avails.
Ullswater looks almost like a sea ivith its -waves flashi ng in the sun, and
"Heli'ellyn crowned with clouds " at its head.
" Abrupt and sbeer the mountains sink
At once upon the level brink."
Arriving at Patterdale, we find good accommodation at the AVhite Lion , and
make a hearty dinner. AVe do not "climb the dark broiv of the mi ghty
Helvellyn," as my friend is too tired, but take a boat on the lake. The scenery
here is very fine, ancl has a character of its own ; but is not so plea .sin°' as
Derwent AVater. We visit all the islands, about which there is nothing re-
markable, and row to the other end of the lake in four hours. The steamer
being here, we get some biscuits and start back again ; but row as we will ,
the great boat , intended to hold about a dozen people, will not go three miles an
hour , ancl it is beginning to get dark. AVhen we get half way home we can see
nothing, arLCl do not know which side of the lake we are on , nor where the
islands and rocks are. All we can do is to row doggedly on, ancl trust to °'ood
luck to keep us away from them. No li ghts or landmarks, ancl it is drizzling,
uncertain flickering flashes of li ghtning being our only guide. Our position
is not very enviable—in the middle of a dangerous lake in a strange place,
nothing to be seen, and a storm coming on. On , on we row, with mechanical
perseA'erance, yet never appear to be any nearer ; an interminable time it
seems suddenly swish ! ancl we are stuck fast in the reeds. AAre back out
^
Avith difficult y, ancl try over ancl over again in different directions , but always
Avith the same result ; so we land the boat in a fiel d, and lock it to a fence.
¦Terra f irma at last ! What a relief ; now, to find where we are. A thick planta-
tion bars our further progress. This we scramble throu gh at the expense of
our clothes ancl skins, and, after some further trouble, find the hi gh road
about a mile from the inn . Leaving the key, and explaining the case to the
anxious boat-owner , we get to the AVhite Lion at about eleven o'clock, ancl
02
relieA'e the good landlad y 's fears for our safety. I have rowed about twenty-
two miles, my friend not being . an oarsman, and in consequence have no less
than thirteen blisters . A hearty supper is very acceptable, and so is bed. We
get up earl y to release the boat , and Avhen in it cannot refrain from having
another TOW . We meet three OY four acquaintauces Ave had made at Stake
Pass ancl Keswick. The ivind is rather fresh as Ave go with them to see the
" Avild stream of Aira." A comel y damsel leads the way for Lyulph's Tower
(which is covered with ivy, aud looks very romantic in the sun), by winding
walks, to
"the torrent hoarse
Fit music for a solemn vale !
The spirit of a mournful tale
Embodied in the sound."
At last we reach the grotto, and gaze on the pretty fall ,—
" Whore clouds that spread in solemn shade
Are edged with golden rays !"
AVe return with our genteel guide Avell satisfied , and as there is no fixed fee
we hardl y know IIOAV to repay such a person for her trouble. However , Ave get
over the delicate difficult y, and finding the boats once more embark on the
bosom of the lake. T ying the two boats together we make a novel steering
apparatus of one of them for the other, and thus end our morning 's excursion.
Our friends accompany us to Ambleside after dinner on the coach. The
AVhite Lion is a A'ery reasonable place, and ivell attended. Clergymen abound
in the lake district , ancl many of them have rubbed off the pride of office , and
are communicatiA'e with their felloAV-travellers. On the way we pass the
beautiful little lake termed Brothers ' Water, from two brothers haA'ing been
drowned there. Now we are ascending the steep pass of " noble " Kirkstone,
" guardian of the mountain Avay," ancl here dismount while the horses slowly
drag the cumbersome conveyance up between the " fraternal hills." On the
left is the peculiar stone,
•"whose church-like fram e
Gives to the savage pass its name,"
ancl from this side seems very much like a Church , " cognizabl y shaped. " The
scenery is grand ancl rugged. AAr hen ive gain the top of the " aspiring road !"
we hai'e excellent views, both retrospective and prospective. A little house is
erected here, called " The Travellers ' Rest, " said to be the hi ghest inhabited
dwelling in England , being 1,475 feet above the level of the sea. Here a book is
kept, in which visitors inscribe their names. We mount the coach again,
leaving "Helvellyn over all things mountai n lord , " and slide down the oth er
side of the pass ivith the " shoe " on the wheel, seeming in imminent danger
of toppling over. Before us
" the gl orious sun
Makes AVinander one wide wave of gold,

and we rapidl y descend on the familiar charming scenery. Doivn, down we

go, one continual descent, till the coach clatters through the narrow archway
behind the " Salutation." The driver, as usual , requires to be fee-cl. Our old
lod ging-house is able once more to accommodate us. Tea over , we stroll
through "the " rustling swing of old R y dal AVood" on to "R y dalmere's white
flashing flood ," ancl enjoy a dolce far niente on its banks. A lovely sunset
flickers on tho ri pples, the dreamy islands seem to float in a sea of jewels, and
the gauzy reflection of the fertile mountains in the water is most inviting. A
lame attemp t to transfe r this scene to paper utterly fails ; here, indeed , is
scope for the painter to ply his pleasant profession. A boat partly disturbs
the reverie, and arrives loaded with small perch, cau ght by a gay part y of
ladies. In the stream ive find another follower of the gentle craft fishing for
 trout. Another ni ght in Ambleside, and then adieu to the lovel y land of the
poets. Wo steam away on the bosom of Windermere—
"this majestic lake, that like an arm
Of ocean, or some Indian river vast
In beaut y floats amid its guardian hills."
AVe sadly leai'e the lakes Ave have learned to love, and take a last glance at
"the green banks of j oyful Windermere ! "
" with all her radiant isles
Serenely floating on lier azure breast,
Like stars in heaven."
The steamer arrives at Lake Side, where Ave bid farewell to Windermere Avith
" her green recesses and her islands still," perhaps never to behold them again.
Rain has now set in , which is a sort of selfish comfort to us. We have a long-
weary day 's travel, Avith nothing of interest worth mentioning till we arrive
at Leeds. Here I bid adieu to my friend , and book for Malton via York, where
" erect in the shade
The solemn cathedral stands up like a warning."
Arriving at Malton I have a stiff walk through the rain to a friend's, where I
spend three enjoyable lazy clays, with every luxury a farmhouse can afford ;
. and thus ends our memorable " Visit to the Lakes."
Hr. CALVERT A PPL-EBT

' THE DAY IS DYING.

" Sweet day, so cool, so calm, so bright ,

The bridall of the earth and skie :
The dew shall weep thy fal l to-night;
For thou must die."— George Herherc.

THE sun sinks low, with sudden glow,

Ancl through the beams there comes a sighing—
A wailing moan, like ivarning- tone
That whispers, " Ah ! the day is dying !"

You 'd think there rolled a sea of gold

Beneath the cliff on which we 're ly ing,
AVhich in the surge sings solemn dirge
For that the beauteous clay is dy ing.

Now shadows creep across the deep ;

And, mingling with the sea-mews ' cry ing,
Along the shore the echo 's roar
Repeats, " Alas ! the day is dy ing !"

What hopes, what fears, what sighs, what tears,

Has this clay seen whioh now is fl y ing !
Its light is gone, ancl now alone—
With dews ive weep—the day is dying.
Kelso. W. F UEL A~I :;;.N OX .
 MASONIC CRAM,

BV THE EDITOR.

THERE is a great danger rising up like a rock ahead before the good ship
Freemasonry in this country : parrot-like repetition—Masonic cram. We
live at a time when " cribs " in all studies , more or less, are all but normal,
and the evil has touched our Order, so reverential in its traditions ancl usages
of the past, in that unauthorized exposition ancl unlicensed "aide-memoires "
seem to be rapidly coining into fashion. Hence you are often struck with a
volubility Avhich betokens nervousness, ancl a glib repetition of ceremonial
which betrays "cram," and any little incident , or "contretemps, " or inter-
rup tion, puts the anxious " Mystagogos " out. He has often to hark back , and
great is the stuttering, mournful the stumbling. Our beautiful ritual is
marred and mangled in an awful manner , ancl the onl y feeling of the brethren
present is a sense of relief ivhen the ceremonial is over ancl the "seance "
is closed. In my opinion, all this arises from two great ancl predominant
evils : an unhealthy desire to get into office, (which I propose to deal with in
another paper), ancl a very undesirable habitude of private " cram," instead
of public instruction. Ancl ivbat is the remedy ? What is the cure for a
growing evil, for a now open Avouncl, Avhieh may open out into a great sore ?
I feel sure there is but one reply: attend a Lodge of Instruction , ancl ' clo not
depend on " manuals " or printed aid.
Of late years, inmy opinion, far too much has been openly written and publicly
explained about Masonic ceremonies and the like, ancl there seems to be an idea
that it is lawful eA'en to discuss before the profane, and in the columns of a
Masonic paper, the most abstruse questions of Masonic, (oursecret), ritual. From
this point of view the Freemason has , happily, long dissented , ancl has for
some time tried to emerge entirely, setting in this respect a good example to the
Masonic press throughout the Avorld. But still the evil lingers , as anyone
acquainted Avith contemporaneous Masonic literature must honestl y confess, and
the result has been what the result was sure to be, an eager recourse to unau-
thorised authorities and doubtfu l and deficient pages. I think I trace every now
aud then a growing yielding to this most unsatisfactory state of affairs , in a
someAvhat stereotyped and unintelligent rendering of our beautiful ritual , which
one has to listen to in silent regret. The presiding officer of the good lodge
" Jonathan," 4960, has clearly bad recourse to some assistance not recognized
by the habits ancl traditions of her order. He clearl y has not been near the
Emulation Lodge of Improvement, or the Stabilit y Lodge, or any of those good
Lodges of Instruction which abound in the Metropolis , but has worked up
his Avork without reference to Masonic authority, or a Masonic teacher ; ancl
yet such teachers are to be found. I can speak , alas, IIOAV, of many years
ago personall y, but I believe my assertion is correct they are not wanting yet
to the Masonic enquirer, to the young ancl earnest Craftsman . It was my lot
to be taught my Masonic lore, (which I have never forgotten, though time
and conflicting systems may have shaken its symmetry), by two of the kindest
ancl ablest preceptors I ever kneAv. They are long since gone to their rest,
good Masons, kind, genial souls, and peace be to them. But belieA'ing that
such preceptors may still be found, friendl y, zealous, intelligent , ancl educated,
I thin k Avell in the Masonic Magazine to deprecate a vicious system growing
up amongst us, and to hold up to the avoidance of the loyal aud faithful
Mason this evil of evils, and to protest against idle and irreverent treatment
of our goodl y ritual, and, above all , MASONIC CRAM .
 TRYIN G TO CHANGE A SOVEREIGN .
BY BEO. S. rOVNTEE , P..A1. AND TEGAS. BURGOTNJ3 , NO. 902 ; P.M. ATHEJTJEUM , NO. 1491

ESSAY THE SECOND.

[Ann BBSS BY THE A UTHOR TO THIS H EADER .—The Kev. Baronet , who appears to hare
succeeded tho lato Earl of Aldboroug h as a giver of testimonials, -writes, not unequivocally,
of a certain lvinc, " I have tried your sherry, and I never tasted anything like it!" Whatever
the merits or demerits of the following contribution to the history of my country, I am
confident , dear reader, that when yon have perused it yon will unhesitatingly pronounce that
yon. never read anything like it.]
PART I.

*' Another way."—Mrs. Gtasse 's Cookery Book.

T RANSACTIONS AVITH TILE " L ONG " EIBM OF CATUSBY & Co. (LIMITED )
N.S.— AU anachronistic ri g hts strictly reserved.
" I sing a doleful tragedy ; Gny Eawkes that prince of sinisters,.
Who once blow up the House of Lords, the King, and all his Ministers :
That is, he would have blown them up, and they'd have all been cindered , ••
Or seriously scorched, at least, if he had not been hindered.
(Chorus) " Bow, wow, wow ! Eol de roll de iddy doll ; bow, wow, wow!"
" He straightway came from Lambeth side, and wished the State was undone ;
And crossing over Vauxhall Brid ge by that way entered London -.
That is, he would have come that way to perpetrate his guilt, sirs ;
But a little thing prevented him , tho bridge it wasn't built, sirs."
(Chorus) " Bow, AVOW , WOW ! Eol /le roll de iddy doll ; bow, wow, wow ! "
— —Old Ba llad.
" Please to remember,
Tho fifth of November,.
Gnnpoivder treason and plot ;
I see no reason
AVhy Gunpowder treason
Should ever be forgot."
—Popular ioggrel.

, C H A P T E R I.
fZS THE JUDKBACK BANK.
IsST Avas a dull , gloomy, foggy No-
j ^| vember-like morning in London,
|&F altbougb it was in reality tbe
S/jg§!$» beginning of March, in the
tip* year 1604-5, when the Avidow
| | Critehett stood in Legality Lane
j
f f i awaiting the opening of the
*^ doors of the Jerkback Bank; for
she held a cheque drawn upon that
establishment for the sum of seven
pounds ten shillings, ancl she sorely
needed the coin .
Now, it was tbe custom of bank-
ing officials in those days to receive
the negociable instrument from the
payee and give a written acknow-
ledgment in return. The bearer
then j oined a long queue of expec
tantSj like the wed ge-shaped line you may see outside the door of a Parisian
theatre , and presentl y, when his or her turn arrived , a stern-faced cashier would
compare the order for iiaymeiit with the presented voucher, at the same time
searchingly, through his p ince-nez , examining the features of the presenter.
In the interval the books of the bank had been consulted to ascertain whether
the customer had standing to his credit sufficient funds to meet the demand.
When the widow 's turn arrived , the official gravel y addressed her in these
ominous words :—" We will honour this cheque, madam, for the credit of the
concern , but we have long since ceased to haA'e dealings with the drawers. "
Those individuals constituted, in point of fact,
A "LONG" F I R M ! ! !
The cheque purported to be given in ]5ayment for coals ancl firewood sup
plied, and ivas signed
" CATESEY & Co. (Limited.) "
How came the widow Critchett by that cheque ?
That is the question.
The sequel must disclose.
If you come to that, AA-1LO was the widoAV Critchett ?
The following chapter shall inform you.

C H A P T E l l II.
PETTY 11UNCE.
IN that part of the ancient city of Westminster which, in the beginning of
the reign of King James the First , was knoAvn as Pett y France, the widow
Critchett kept a small coal, potato, and fire-wood store. The lady was some-
thing more than a AVICIOAV . The circumstance th at had made her a relict had
eA'en a romantic interest. She Avas wont to say that her dear departed was
killed h y a fall from a, tree. The fact that a rope round his neck prevented the
gravitating bod y from reaching the earth was an insignificant detail with which
she did not consider it necessary to encumber the narrative. In plain truth,
however, Mrs. Critchett was what was, in those days, known in thieves ' slang-
as a "hempen widow,"* her late husband having, in an evil hour for himself ,
experimented in endeavouring to appropri ate by manual dexterity Avhat he had
theretofore been content to acquire by craft or purchase.
About two years before Mrs. Critchett presented the cheque at the counter
of the Jerkback Bank , Mr. Critchett had been seduced into listening to the
Great Northern Railway Company 's attractive proffer of cheap excursion
tickets to behold the entry of his Majesty King James the Sixth of Scotland
into his newly-acquired English dominions. At Newark-on-Trcnt the thrifty
excursionist from London , Avith a laudable desire to defray the expenses of his
trip without encroaching on the domestic funds , mingling in the croAvd , saw
what he conceive d to be a profitable opening a la Autolycus, and being taken
red , or rather silver, handed with a fat Northu mbrian grazier 's well-stuffed
pouch between his lissom fingers , was haled before the newly-arrived Solon, then

* Sec in Mr. W. Harrison Amsivorth 's Jack Shoppard , the Xcwgate idyll "±iTix my doll y."
"In a box of the stone jug I was born ;
Of a hempen widow the kid forlorn."
Modern argot adopts a beautifull y poetical euphemism to describe the euthanasia of
Mr Mai-wood's patients. " My poor man passed away in the autumn , at the fall of the leaf,"
says the weeping bereaved one. (Yidc Hotten 's Slang Dictionary.) It would, of course, be
rnde to let her know that you are perfectl y aware that the fatal leaf is constructed of wood,
and is the trap-door flap that, when the bolt is drawn , gives way beneath the feet of the
sufferer. " It is ill talkiu' o' hemp i' th' oose of a mon whaes foy ther has been liangit," as
the illustrious monarch , an episode in whose history I am essaying to narrate, would have
observed.
in an ill-humour, impatiently awaiting dinner in tbe best room of tbe "Mor-
peth Arms " Inn, who, after quoting the Pandects, Duns Scotu s, the book of
Leviticus , Nostradamus , Solomon , Pres t er John , the great Panjandru m, and
Saunders McKelvie, the paivkic baillie of Perth , and muttering something
with a chuckle about " Jeddart justice, hang firs t ancl try afterwards ," ordered
poor Caleb Critchett to .be at once suspended from the branch of an elm tree
which stood too convenientl y near, his Maj esty adding that he proposed attend-
ing the execution in person , and gastronomieall y observing that "siccaii a seet
was braAv, ancl ga' an unco ' appeteete for a haggis, a cockaleekie, or a singg it
rjOAV."*
So Critchett swung and the new royal lawgiver dined.f
And Mrs . Critchett was a widow.
Not "tocherless," hoAvever, as her husband's jud ge ivoitlcl hai'e remarked.
No; the late Mr. Critchett had prospered in the fencej business ; " he
ought nei'er to have tried his hand at the other, he hadn 't got the delicacy
of touch for it, poor man," his bereaved, OAAC observed, and if report spake sooth
Mrs . Critchett was in a position to be a very reliable j udge of the character
of the deceased's touch, especially when the poor man was partiall y overcome
with liquor ; and the establishment in Westminster made a very comfortable
home, with enough capital left to carry on a snug and profitable coa.l and
potato business, to which the enterprising lad y shortly added the purveyance
of " table beer licensed to be consumed on the premises," ancl also the supp ly ing
of the A'ery best of Maryland shag tobacco, from his Majest y 's western planta-
tions, the which mi ght be " drunk " with convenience iu the Avell-li ghtecl cellar.
She ivas a gentl e soul , but she had three pet aversions. Her special object
of denunciation Avas co-operative stores : secondl y, she detested Scotsmen ;
thirdl y, she hated Jesuit priests.
When, on a gloomy evening in March , 1604-5, she was roused froin a p lacid
dream of profits in the little room behind the shop, by the sharp trnldino- of
the door bell , her first thought, as she looked out ancl beheld a stranger enter,
was of a customer with a Civil Service ticket ; her second of a bony north-
countryman with a heaA'y rusty-hilted rapier, six feet long, ancl a foot of that

* " Singgit poiv," a sheep's head dressed in a manner peculiar to Scotland.

f The anecdote , as is well known , is founded upon historical fact. See in Hallam 's Con-
slitutional History, in a. foot note, an account of tho ease- The event produced great con-
sternation among the King's new subjects. "If ," says a correspondent in Howell' s letters
quoted b y Hallani—I write from memory—"his Majesty takes to hanging men before they are
tried , it will not be long ere bo hangs them before they are guilt y." Nor am 1without warrant
for the gustatory illustration. "And wretches hang that jurymen may dine." Those who
remember the "hanging Monday " mornings in "the good (?) old times " at Newgate will recall
the excellent breakfasts provided in the gaol by tho Sheriffs, and consumed in the hour durin"
which the suspended bodies were swinging outside. His Bcvcreuee the Ordinary, just descended
from the seaffold,was generally considered unequalled for the composition of a salad , and indis-
pensable from the wit and jocularity with which ho was expected to enliven the meal. The fun
was at its height—according to Mr. Bailees (see "his diary), who breakfasted with the Sheriffs
at Newgate on the morning of the execution of Thistlewood and his companions for the Cato-
street conspiracy—about half an horn- after the drop had fallen beneath the feofc of the five
culprits, when tho following ghastl y episode occurred. One of the sheriffs gold-bedizened
flunkies entered the chamber, where the meal was being consumed with much jollificat ion ,
and borrowed a carving knife ! The masked medical student , who had been retained by tho
Government to perform that horribl e part of the sentence—the decapitation—had broug ht the
wrong case of instruments with him. He was very nervous over his revol ting task, and the
executioner Soxley—Calcraft's immediate predecessor—and his assistant , no less so. When
the latter essayed to exhibit to the mob the last severed head with the usual formal
announcement " Tin's is the head of a traitor ," the gore caused the ghastl y relic to sli p from
his hand and rebound on the platform . The brutal crowd hailed this accident with a derisive
cry derived from tho cricket-field , " Yah ! butter fingers!! " This incident was narrated to
we by an actual eye-wi tness, who has long ago "joined the majority."
{ Kcceivor of stolen gouds.
projecti ng throug h the feruleless scabbard , " speering " for a " Avee bit
hayring " ancl change of " tAva farthings for a baivbee " ; her third , of a
recusant who would clap a loaded and cocked petronel to her breast and
demand the contents of her till, and ivho, when his steeple-crowned sombrero
should fall off in the inevitable struggle, would display the small Avhite circle
of a tonsure cut in the centre of his tangled looks.
Her first misgiving AAras right.
The stranger, a stern dark-moustachioed man in a slouched hat, ancl
shrouded in an ample cloak, and wearing large buff boots and a tremendous
rapier, demanded " Coals ! "
Several tons !
Ancl firewood !
Many gross of bundles !
From fear, so she afterwards said, and for prompt cash, a motive she never
denied having influenced her at the moment, she agreed to supply him.
She made out the invoice.
The goods ivere to be deliA'ered next morning at a house in Lambeth , the
address of which was furnished.
The invoice was, at the dictation of the cloaked customer, made out in the
name of Mr. Percy. He resided in a tenement adjacent to the Parliament House
at Westminster.
Mr. Percy was a gentleman pensioner in the service of his Majest y.
Consequentl y, he Avas a civil servant.
Therefore her customer produced a co-operative store ticket and demanded
the usual discount.
His name, he said, Avas John Johnson. "Ha t ha!!" (The parenthetical
cachinnation seemed unnecessary, Mrs. Critchett thou ght.) He ivas Mr.
Percy's " own man. " ("Ha ! ha ! ! " again.)
He snatched the pen ivith Avhich the widow Avith trembling fingers had
made out the invoice, ancl filled up a cheque for the price of his purchase (less
the discount) on the Jerkback Bank.
The document—blank as to the amount—when produced by Mr. Johnson
was already signed
" CATESBT & Co. (LIMITED ") !
More parenthesis (in a deep bass) " Ha ! ha ! ! ha !! ! "

CHAPTER III.
THE IAYTS J A; HOA58B IS STATS GATE.

I TRUST I am not wasting my resplendent literary talents on any reader so

beni ghted as never to have beard of Pedlar 's Acre. Is not the illustrious
hawker Avho has giA'en a title to that ]3iece of square measure com memorated
(with his clog) in a stained glass window in the church of St. Mary, Lambeth ?
Go to, then ! And now you knoiv, or at least you ought to know, where
Stangate is, and to Stangate Mrs. Critchett 's customer was bound Avhen he
left her establishment, after having completed the commercial transaction
narrated in the last cha2Dter.
That good lad y herself sat fumbling the document taken by her between
her fingers and thumbs, ancl looking at it ivith an expression that by no means
implied confidence.
" I'm like my poor clear man that's gone," she reflected ; " I don't care for
this paper rubbish ; I'd rather have the read y gilt a-chinking. in the till.
Hows 'ever, I'll be at this here blessed bank tbe first thing to-morrow morning,
as soon as ever they ojiens their doors ; ancl if I touch the rhino, why I'll
trot off to Cockerill's, or Riokett Smiths', or Booth Brothers', and see as
Mr. Percy has bis Wallscnd afore you can say Jack Robinson. "
 Yon see the fair merchant was not in a sufficientl y large ivay of business
to execute a big order Avithout a wholesale house at her back.
Ancl tho present chronicler, having enumerated three eminent firms, con-
fidentl y expects that, in return for this puff direct, not only himself , but
his sisters, his cousins, and his aunts, will be gratuitously provided with
sufficient store of "nubbly ones " to carry them all comfortabl y through the
impending winter.
As for Guido F ; but ha 1 I er— must er— dis—er—semble. I had
very nearly enfranchised pussy from her prison of textile fabric * As for
Mr. John Johnson, he took his, the nearest, vay from the vidoAv's emporium
direct over Vauxhall Bridge to Lambeth .
The observant reader Avill haA'e remarked the studied gradation of the
parenthetical Ha 's. Mr. Johnson 's last ejaculation was triple; as he left the
coal shed his Ha 's Avere quadrupled ; ancl Avhen he paused at the last lamp
over the arch nearest the Surrey side, and CII-BAV from beneath his ample cloak
a Chubb latch key ancl a paper, ivhich he proceeded to peruse by the aid of the
electric light ,f he quintupled his Ha's ivith such vehemence that a passing
policeman turned his bulls-eye upon him , Avhen, being convinced that the
instrument the suspected one flourished was a genuine Chubb and not a
blind or skeleton key, he covered his glowing orb, whistled, and walked on.
That document was an executed agreement between landlord and tenant ,
printed ivith blanks, purchased for sixpence at a stationer 's slum in Fleet
Street, and then filled up in writing ancl duly stamped at Somerset Hoiise.
It purported to assign a right to occupy a little house in Stangate, and the
name of the assignee was Robert Keyes.
To this tenement the Chubb admitted Mr. Johnson. In an apartment on
the lower floor he found the tenant and another person. The room ivas
feebly illuminated by rays from a candle enclosed in a cylindrical p iece of
ironwork, and standing on a box in the centre, which appeared to serve the
purpose of a table. The dim light just rendered visible a terrible inscription
on the coffer— " Dynamite.—With care.—This side up." What became of the
chest you will learn presently. The lamp may be beheld at this clay in the
museum of the Bodleian Library in the city of Oxford.
All three individuals were cloaked , and wore long rapiers, tall slouched
hats, and jack boots. All three had moustaches that went up under their
noses, and noses that came CIOAVII OA'er their moustaches. As Fawkes—p ish !
I mean Mr. Johnson—entered , the tAvo others elevated thei r index fingers ,
and each glided to a closed window, assuming the Avhile the attitude in ivhich
a cautious Spaniard is said to ivalk—with his beard over his shoulder. The
last comer imitated the gesture as he bolted and doubly locked the door by
which, he had entered. Then all three came back with slow , and measured ,
and noiseless footfalls to the coif er in tbe centre of the apartment. Around
this they formed a triangle with clasped hands. Then one solemnly ejaculated
the word " Bryant ! " Mr. Keyes responded ivith the conjunction '" And !"
Mrs. Critchett 's customer then completed the mystic formula by uttering the
syllable " May ! " Then all three shouted together the terrible incantation
" Bryant and May !" ancl struck , each with his disengaged hand, a fierce blow
on the improvised table, and simultaneously the trio uttered , as ivith one A'oiee,
the fear ful assertion " They strike only on the box ! " % Then they disengaged

* Is this D.T. leading-article or fine writing- for the familiar idiom " to let the cat out of
the bag ? "—Pit. DEV .
_ t What does this mean ? Vauxhall Bridge aud the electric light in the early years of tho
rei gn of James the First ?—E D . M.M. All ri ght. Befer to the song quoted in the heading-
poetical license.—A UTIIOH .
+ After this gratuitous advertisement shall I be expected to disburse coin for the harm-
less necessary " match , or even the more aristocratic vesta , for tho rest of my life ?—A"UTHO B.
I am sure I dent know.—En. M.M'.
their hands, threw themselves into each other 's arms , and in the tri ple embrace
convulsively Avept and sobbed ivith much emotion.
" Take this," in broken accents murmured the utterer of the ivord " Bryant,"
as he lifted the lanthorn and placed it in tbe bands of Johnson . " Take this,
and DO TOUR DUTT ! " Then , opening the front of the machine , lie
solemnly blew out the flame burning within.
The group were at once plunged in total gloom.
A darkness that could be felt.
The silence—the solemn silence—Avas only slightl y broken by the voice
that had. before been heard. This time the Avords Avere uttered in the loAvest
of whispers. The sentence uttered conveyed an aivfnl injunction—•
" Keep it dark !"

C H A P T E R IV.
UJ'DEE THE CLOCK.
I HAVE been given to understand that those distinguished State prisoners who
involuntarily accept the hospitality of Mr. Speaker not unfrequentl y find their
rest disturbed by the booming of Bi g Ben immediatel y over their heads , or
the constant ivhizzing ancl ivhirring ancl other indefinable noises and vibra-
tions incidental to the campanological arrangem ents of the mi ght y horologe
of which the great bell is an accessory. To digress for one moment, I would
point out that this apparently trivial subject has found a limner in the artist
who has adorned ivith his able pencil one of the panels in the Peers' avenue.
Ton will remember Lord Macaulay 's touching descri p tion of the last sleep of
Argyll. His Tory persecutor , with anguish distorting his features, gazes
upon the peaceful countenance of the sleeping patriot so soon to slumber
in that repose which onl y knows one waking.* " And he can sleep tranquill y
like this, who in an hour will be a corpse, ivhile I-—alas ! I—shall never know
refreshing slumber again !" be apostrophises. I have a shrewd idea wh y the
MacCallum Mohr so thoroughly enjoyed his "forty." Depend upon it he
had only shortly before been removed from the guardianshi p of the Ri ght
Honourable Mr. Brand , and from beneath the never-ceasing tick tick ; tick
tick ; whiz, whorrle ancl whin- ; bing, bom, boom, of the lunacy-engendering
clock- tower.
The firm of Catesbj- ancl Company (Limited) carried on business on the
premises of one of the members of that commercial establishment , Mr. Thomas
Percy, who, as a gentleman pensioner , had an official resi dence adjoining the Houses
of Parliament. So far from being anxious to announce " rTo connection with the
business next door," these enterprising partners sought to be enabled to resort
to the untradesmanlike device of asserting " It 's all the same concern ," and
ivith this end in view they busil y engaged themselves in tunnelling throuo-h
the wall that divided the tenements at the basement. They worked chiefly
at ni ght, subsisting on cold viands brought secretl y into their cellar.
Indeed, every day was " cold mutton " clay with them, and , from the character
of their diet ancl the nature of their operations , consisting, as they chiefl y did ,
in the active use of the pick, their occupation mi ght be said to constitute a
perpetual p ic-nic.
They were, one midni ght, hacking away at the brickwork as usual, but

* The sturd y Republican , Algernon Sidney, promised the executioner to give a certain
signal when he sboul d inflict the fatal blow. Absorbed in his reflections , the dying man
omitted to do so. Ketch bent over him as he knelt , face downwa rds, at the block, and
courteousl y whispered in his ear , " Are yon ready, sir ? Will you rise again?" "Not till
the general resurrection!" roared the undaunted patriot. " Strike on! "— " Life of Algernon
Sydney," by A. C. Kivald, vol . ii., p. SIS.
 making little progress, when a sturdy member of the firm , by name Christopher
Wright, enquired of the head partner—
" But ivhen shall Ave come to the coals ? "
" Wait till you reach the AA'all's end ," Catesby sternly replied, making his
tool ring again as it detached an inch and a quarter of mortar. Something
else rang, too, for at that moment ding ding, dong dong, bing bing, bom bom.
Clang !
It went on clanging.
The conspirators—I beg pardon—the limited liability company, threw down
their picks ancl spades, crossed themselves ancl counted the strokes.
It went on clanging.
They shrieked up the stairs for the member of the firm who kept watch
above.
John Johnson stalked into the cellar, and his nose came clown over his
moustache, and his moustache went up under his nose, as he joined the
counters. -
" Pish ! 'tis but the clock, " said he.
" Did you ever hear a clock strike thirteen before ? " the others enquired
Avith one breath.
" In Harry Ei ght's time Paul 's struck thirteen one ni ght," growled
Johnson. "A sentry heard it on guard on the terrace at Windsor, and , marry,
it saved his life, for it proved that he had not slept at ward. "
"That was an accident, gossip, " responded Catesby.
"May-be," replied the other, "but when I served under the Archduke
in Italy and Spain , I marked how the clocks struck from one up to twenty-
four , and I have even heard of English time-keepers that do the like. What
saith the ballad ?
" ' It struck twenty-four
As he entered at the door,
AVith his charming and beautiful bride ;
But it stopped—short—never to go again,
AVhen the old man died.'"

And, humming the refrain, "tick ! tick ! " of a street song then popular in the
shilling ordinaries of Alsatia and the boozing kens of the Clink, the ci-devant
warrior clanked up the steps and resumed his guard.*
I believe it is not uncommon for " Long " firms to have branch establishments
open at the same time in various quarters of the metropolis or parts of the country,
each one apparentl y having no connection with the parent concern. Catesby &
Co. (Limited) had at about this period opened a shop at a little house in Stangate
in the oil and candle line, under tbe charge of one Robert Keyes, Avho lent
his name as ostensible prop rietor, and this industrious tallow-chandler was ever
especiall y busy with the tarry skippers ancl pert supercargoes ivho affected
the tumble-down old wooden waterside taverns of Shadwell and Redriff ancl
Limehouse , ancl even carried on his maritime operations down so low as far-
away Purfleet and Greenhithe. From the holds of swift sloops and capacious
ketches many heavy rotund barrels were conveyed into the cellars of the little
house in Stangate, and thence at ni ght ferried across in the darkness , stored

'' I hey were one day surprised by the sound of the tolling of a bell, ivhich seemed to
proceed from the middle of the wall under the Parl iament House ; all suspended their labour
and listened with alarm and uneasiness to the mysterious sound. Fawkes was sent for from
his station above; the tolling still continued, and was distinctl y heard by him as well as the
othoiu Much wondering at this prodigy, they sprinkled the wall with holy water, when the
sound instantl y ceased. Upon this they resumed their labour , and after a short time tho
tolling commenced again, and again was silenced by the application of holy water. This
process was repeated frequentl y for several days, tiii at length the unearthl y sound was heard
no more."—Jardine's Criminal Trials, vol. ii. (The Gunpowder Plot.) (Charles Kni
ght.)
P- '15. See also the Examinations of the Consp irators ; State Paper Office.
 in lumbering barges , to Westminster stairs, ivhence they were rolled into
the cellars of Mr. Percy 's dwelling next to the Parliament House. What the
police were about that they didn 't observe these very suspicious transactions ,
I am sure I don 't know , but I dare say Mr. Catesby did know how judiciousl y
to sow a few acceptable half-crowns, and Scotland Yard being so near at hand,
it is possible that in that quarter the watch was then less vigilant than else-
where, on the well-known principle that shoemakers' wii'es are ahvays the
worst shod.
By Candlemas Day, 1604-5, no less than twenty of these mysterious
barrels were stored in Mr. Percy 's cellar. At Lady Day, considerably added to,
they were hidden from view by the coals and faggots supplied by unsuspicious
Mrs. Critchett.
Shortly after this concealment had been effected, however, came another
alarm. Sturdy Kit Wright, early one morning, exhorted , as Gregory Avasenjoined ,
to " remember his SAvashing blow," struck such a vigorous whack at the wall with
his pick, Avhich Avas followed by such a crashing uproar over head , that all the
members of the firm concluded some important part of the foundations had
given way, and they, as usual, fell to crossing themselves, and calling lustily
for the trusty Johnson, their sentinel and factotum.
That vi gilant warder strode clown as unconcerned as ever, and heard of the
neiv alarm with his usual composure.
" It 's only Mr. Bri ght next door having his kitchen chimney swept," he
contemptuously observed , and re-ascended the steps.
But he returned almost immediately. His former equanimity had given
place to jubilant excitement. His usually composed, though somewhat
saturnine, countenance was now irradiated by a broad grin.
"He 's sellin ' off all his Derby Bri ghts!" he triumphantl y ejaculated ,
je rking his thumb upwards as he spoke.
"Who 's sellin ' ? " " Sellin ' what ? " " What are Derb y Brights ? " the
others, ivho by this time had recovered from their fri ght, interrogated con-
fusedly.
" 'Who 's sellin'? ' " Mr. Johnson sneered. " Why, Mr. Bri ght's sellin' ; the
genelman who rents the cellar over there, the other side of that wall youVe all
been breakin ' your blessed teeth ancl pickaxes against this six months past. I
tell you—honour bri ght !—Mr. Bright is a sellin' his Derby Bri ghts—His
kitchen coals, stoopids ! " Mr. Johnson added , with ill disguised contempt for
the obtuseness of his audience.
Mr. Catesby posed in a dignified attitude. He Avaved his hand to command
silence and attention , and then solemnly announced—
" The firm will purchase the lot !—at market price ! on Civil Service
co-operative terms, that is to say, discount for cash."
The limited liability co-partners were awed. This was an enterprise so •
stupendous that—they were musing upon it when—
"And the cellar's to let, " Johnson interpolated.
"The firm will become Mr. Bri ght 's tenant, ancl add that apartment to its
alread y capacious storage,'-' continued the head partner. " We'll pay a year's
rent in advance. "
So they asked Mr. Bri ght in, ancl concluded the transaction over glasses of
" old and bitter, " ancl that is how that worth y tenant of Government propert y
sold his fuel ancl sub-let his holding.
But the price of the one ancl the rent of the other were included in one
cheque, and that cheque teas drawn ON THE JERKBACK BANK !!!
That cheque was never honoured !
For wh y ?
We knoiv that the account of Catesby & Co. (Limited) with that eminent
financial establishment had long before been closed.
When Mr. Bri ght 's back was turned ancl the " mild Burton " ancl " old
 and bitter " had been quaffed to the last dregs, the partners, all ivith one
accord , began to wink and to app ly their index fingers to the sides of their
noses, and contemptuously pitched their picks and spades anywhere amongst
the fuel. " We shan't want them any more," the}' joyously shouted. " Don't
throw them away," remonstrated Mr. Johnson grimly, "they'll clo to place on
tbe tops of the barrels,* so that when " " Hush ! " interposed the head
partner softly. " Say it will do good for trade—for the business of the firm ,
you know ; " ancl they all laughed, and fell to dancing in the dark. They
capered in a wild carmagnole to an air then extensively warbled by the com-
monalty. They sang to it also, avee effusion , as the French say. It has
survived to our own time, and is known as
" DOWN AMONG THE COALS!!!

(To be concluded in our next.

MASONIC HYMN

BY BRO . JAMES CONWAY , AUSTRALIA.

SACRED Tie, from Heaven descended ,

Bind us all as breth ren here ;
Bond of Truth and Virtue blended,
Let our union be sincere.
Holy Light, illume our spirit,
With thy sin-dispelling rays ;
Shine upon us till we merit
All Th y full refulgent blaze.
God of gods, be our Protector
While to Thee we venture near ;
Guard, Creator ancl Director,
Be with us assembled here.
May our mystic rites be moulded
Ever by thy guiding power ;
May their secrets still be folded
In our soul s till life's last hour.
May the types we see before us
Guide us through life's thorny way ;
Grief perhaps may then come o'er us ,
Sin can never lead astray.
Peace with gentle wings will hover ,
Holiest, as ive lvait on Thee;
Then well part, our gathering over,
With the word— " Fidelity."
—Australian Freemason
¦
"Large stones and the iron bars and other tools used by them in mining Avere thrown
mto the barrel s amongst the powder , the object of which , Fawkes afterwards declared to be,
to make the breach the greater ;" and the whole was covered over with a few faggots and
billets of wood."—Fawkes's examination, 5th November , 1605.—State Paper Office : Jardine,
page 46.
 JOTTINGS AT HIGH XII. IN THE HOLY LAND .

BY BRO. ROB. MORRIS , LL.D.

AM spending a brief hour under a ivide-spreading oak east of Bethlehem.

I Here before me is the field of Boaz. This way came that noble specimen
of manhood, spreading " God speed ye's " ri g ht and. left among bis workmen
as he came. The same harvest is yellow here to-day. The barley blades,
yellow under this meridian sun, are tinged here and there with the scarlet
adonis and the blue pimpernel and the rich corn-cockle. Reapers are at work
to-day ancl the gleaners follow after them. But there is no Boaz to wish them
" God speed ye," or to distribute the noon-tide refreshments , or to scatter
heads of barley " of purpose," that the poorer gathere rs may secure it. Need
I say there is Ruth here among these gleaners, old, jaded , covetous ancl shame-
less as the}-are ? No Ruth in the barley fields of Boaz ; for while all nature
remained unchanged, humanity has changed to its worse aspect.
And here in this quarter of the suburbs of Bethlehem , if tradition err not,
ivas the pasture where shepherds were watching their flocks by night, when
the angelic messenger announced an event not less glorious than that ivhich
excited the morning stars to sing together, ancl all the sons of God to shout
for joy. Come out, read y note book ! Fall into position, facile pencil !
Bestir your laden memories, ancl let me not leave here until I have made
" jottings " enough to recal l the time, the place, and the occasion.
" When the building Avas erected, its several parts fitted with such exactness
that it had more the appearance of being the handiwork of the Supreme
Architect of the UniA'erse . than that of human hands." This thought will
occur to tbe Masonic traveller at all points where great ruins abound. The
Kubbet es-Sakhrah or Dome of the Rock, standing where Solomon's Temple
did, has been styled by an experienced teweller the most magnificent p iece of
architecture in the Turkish Emp ire. Superior outside to the Mosque St. Sophia
at Constantinople, it is characterised by a loft y, Saracenic pomp in the sty le,
by its capacious dome, its numerous arcades, its extensive p laza paved with
varigated marble, and the extreme neatness of the avenues which lead to it.
It is funny to hear the criticisms upon a monstrous work like this. Jealousy,
ignorance , the desire to become notorious by suggesting a new theory, all
appear in the descri ptions of great architectural remains the world oi'er.
Even the traveller Bruce, Avhose honest fame Avas not OA'ershadowed by any
others, was so jealous of the discoveries made in his time at the Great Pyramid
as to suggest that the whole structure was but a native hill, hewn cloivn
artificall y and cased in by Egyptian builders ! So with writers upon the
Kubbet es-Sakhrah. The Phoenician builder begau at the bottom, deep, in the
earth. He built for all time. It was onl y in the defiles of Petra , where the
rocky conformation compelled such an inversion of rules, that the ivorkman
building his temple began at the top, firs t finishing the capitals and architraves
of columns, then the columns themselves, lastly the pediments.
I haA'e seen a statement, but cannot verif y it, that all the steam eng ines in
England in 1848 would require ei ghteen hours' use to lift from the quarries
the stones that compose the great platform on which Solomon 's Temp le stood.
So natural ivas it for King Solomon , situated as he ivas, to send to Lebanon
for timber, that we imagine him uttering literall y the words in Isaiah lx., 13,
" The glory of Lebanon shall come unto me, the fir tree, the pine tree , and the
box together, to beautif y the place of the Lord's sanctuary ; aud I ivill make
the place of His feet glorious."
The ancient tool s were rude, and of materials no harder than bronze.
 Although the numerous references to iron prove that it was a well-known
metal in the days of the Hebrew nation, yet the art of hardening it into steel
was unknown.
In all the varied professions of which the architect Hiram was the expert,
therefore, the metal bronze was essential. It is difficult to conceive any great
erections in those distant ages, before the discoA'ery of steel, without the aid of
this alloy of copper ancl tin. Nature herself had suggested it in the tin pyrites,
which is—copper, 29; tin , 27. • Copper was one of the six primitive metals
first found in the islan d of Cyprus, from whence its name (cupressus , copper).
At present one-seventeenth of all the copper mined annually is procured in
the United States. The ancients contrived to get great uses out of bronze.
With a sort of pick-axe (for chisels ivere not and are not knoAvn in the East ,
therefore the Mark Master 's Tracing Board is in error on that subject ,) all
these wonderful Avorks were wrought. The marvellous polish of porphyry ancl
Syenite granite, Avhich can scarcel y be imitated with modern tools , was
probabl y executed by driving jets of fine desert sand against it from air
machines. It was an imitation of nature ; the winds of the desert in this way
polished the hardest of stone. Recentl y Mr. Tilgham, of Philadel phia, Pa.,
has restored this Egyptian process, ancl applied it to the cutting of glass ancl
stone surfaces with marked success.
The lime of this country is an excellent article, and makes an adhesive and
durable cement. The Bible expression "as the burnings of lime " (Isaiah
xxxiii., 12) needs no comment to any one who has seen a lime kiln here. • I
observed one on my way from Damascus to Beyrout , and was struck with the
fact that in the scarcity of wood the kiln was supplied by bundles of thorn
bushes, cuttings of A'ines, and (as some writers say) even dried weeds ancl grass.
In Smith's "History of Greece " are some interesting details of the statue
of the Olympian Zeus, which was reckoned as the masterp iece of Phidias.
The idea lie embodied in it was that of the supreme duty (sic) of the Hellenic
nation , enthroned as a conqueror, in perfect maj esty and repose, ancl ruling the
subject world with a nod. The statue was forty feet hi gh , and stood on a
pedestal of twelve feet. The throne ivas of cedar wood, profusely adorned
Avith ii'ory, ebony, gold , gems, ancl colours. The statue held in his ri ght hand
the small ivory and gold image of I'ietory, and in his lef t a sceptre, ornamented
ivith all sorts of metals and surmounted Avith an eagle. The robe and sandals
Avere of gold. It was finished about B.C. 457.
As to the almost total destruction of so much of the ancient buildings in
this country, it is remarked that the site of a great city in ruins in Palestine
may he distinguished from a small toAvn or village by the quantity of hewn
stone lying about the open pits, the deeps wells, and vast cisterns. The native
stone is friable ancl easily turns to earth, which explains the accumulation of
debris from thirty to one hundred feet deep around the base of Mount Moriah.
The ornamentation of ancient buildings is beautiful. At Gebal I observed an
elegant specimen of the zigzag, a decoration characteristic of the Norman
style of architecture, consisting of one or more mouldings running in zigzao-
hues. It will repay a visitor there to look it up and copy it.
The walls of ancient cities were immensely thick aud strong. A reliable
traveller was told by an Arab Sheik that he had galloped his horse on the top
of the walls of Nineveh, made of sun-dried bricks 2,000 years exposed to time
and human spoilers . The wall is yet forty feet high and forty feet at base,
J-he present Avail of Jerusalem rises to the average height of fort feet,
y and is
massive and strong.
Ths perfection ivith which the great stones at Baalbec and other places
were laid so closely, end for end in the walls, is wonderful. It is so of the
niasonvy in the citadel of Pergamos , Asia Minor ; the stones are so admirabl
y
.j oined together that a needle can scarcely be inserted between them. Of the
°niple of Cy bcle , near Sardis , Asia Minor , two great columns of marble
p
remain, five feet in diameter and sixt y foet high. The Jews at Hebron believe
that the large rabbeted stones in the old mosque over Abraham 's grave came
originally from the walls of Solomon 's Temple.
In considering the difficul ty of cutting out great blocks from the quarry,
it naturally occurs to us what a saving of human life has been the use of nitro-
o-lycerine, or even common gunpowder, to these workmen. A single blast of
powder in the quarry of Mount Sorrel, England, has been made to throw clown
twenty thousand tons of granite. Three hundred such blasts would have
sufficed for the suppl y of materials for the Pyramid of Cheops or the Temple
of Solomon.
Observing the accumulation of these costly materials, porphyry, syenite ,
marble, etc., broug ht in such enormous quantities from distant localities, we
beo-in to see both how rich and how luxurious the ancient inhabitants must
have been, and to what a degree the loA'e of elegant architecture had affected
them. As Isaiah says (xi., 7), " Their land was full of silver and gold, and
there was no end of their treasures ."
The remains of ancient roads in Palestine are mostly Roman , built so
solidly and engineered so wisely for the speed y and easy transportation of her
soldiers, the glory of her arms, and the perpetuation of her power. Many
remains of this road abound here. Could we trace up every fragment of
Roman road in the world, we should find its commencement at Rome. Lepsius
informs us that the finer materials used in Solomon 's Temple all abound in or
near Egyp t ; alabaster at Elosra opposite Suit , sandstone at Selseleh, chalk at
Turah , granite at Assuen, Verd antique at Hammamat, red granite at Jebel,
Fatireh, and Dochan. As to the localit y of porphyry quarries , a feiv isolated
facts suggest that possibl y they may be nearer than Sinai . For instance, Dr.
Robinson foun d large fragments of porphyry brought down from the hill s by
torrents near the south-end of the Dead Sea, and he alludes briefl y (in ATO1. 2,
p. 123, " Biblical Researches,") to a cliff of porphyry.

THE CARBONARI.

[We take this interesting- article from the Freemason 's Monthly, Sept., 1879.—E D .]
THE one objection which the Church of Rome popularly makes against
Freemasonry is that it has given rise to political and anarchial associa-
tions. This theory was not broached until after Romanism had formed secret
societies, notably among them the Jesuits, for the occult aggrandisement of
the Church.
It is a fact that the Jesuits attemp ted the appropriation of Masonry—their
agents became members of the society ancl intermingled with the Fraternity,
vitiating the ancient landmarks and. corru p ting symbolism ; but , wearied with
their task, they resorted to terrorism to extirpate an institution beyond their
power to control .
The Illuminati, accredited as a primary cause for the revolutionary sp irit
of Europe, were claimed to have been of Masonic ori gin. Some Masons were
undoubtedly Illuminati. Some Masons are Sons of Temperance, but Free-
masons and the symbolic or secret Temperance Societ y are yet not one and
the same organisation.
So, in the War of the Liberation of the German people. True, the Tug-end-
Bun d (Union of Virtues), may be considered by some the off-shoot of Masonic
morality ; yet none pretended that the murder of Kotzebu e could be sanctioned
by those of its members adhering to the restored temples of Freemasonry. The
execution of his fanatical assassin , Charles Louis Sand , was productive of
benefit in the searching inquiries as to the Masonic societ y.
 Among other presumptuousl y affiliated bodies, it is especiall y charged that
the Carbonari are the direct emanation of Masonry. Against the Carbonari
have the thunders of the Vatican been particularly levelled. The Vatican
feared the Carbonari, as they threatened the loss of the temporal authority.
The Italian Carbonari avowedl y advocated the union of Italy and the reforma-
tion of the Church , but they were in no wise of Masonic ori gin. They have
heeu the modern advocates of a religio-political principle, conserved for
centuries in the forests of. France, was transplanted to Ital y in 1515, in the
train of the army of Francis I., seeking to liberate the oppressed Milanese.
As Gustavus Vasa detected the spirit of libert y and charity amid the moun-
taineers of Dalecartia, so fugitives from regal ancl ecclesiastical persecution
found refuge and hospitality among the wood-choppers ancl charcoal-burners
of the forests of Roussillou and'Bourbon. The dense forests of Middle Europe
ever afforded a welcome asylum for the political outlaw adopting as a disguise
the habits and employment of the honest people. The woodlands of England
provided sanctuary for the oppressed fleeing from the persecution of the
invader. Nursery ballads narrate the semi-fabulous freaks of Robin Hood
ancl his band of foresters.
The Carbonari , otherwise styled Eendeurs (wood-cutters), originated from
the protective societies of the working men following this exposed and
dangerous business. These peasants, dwelling apart from each other, liable
to A'iolence ancl robbery, invented signs for their mutual recognition , and
assembled in bodies for amusement ancl protection . The disastrous rei gns of
Charles VI. ancl VII. peopled the Avoods with refugees fleeing before a con- ¦
quering army. Nobles and ecclesiastics , women ancl children , sought the
hospitality of the timber-hewers, and became members of their common
family. Knights, learned men , noble ladies and gentle youths, affiliated with
the existing fraternity of peasantry, ancl assumed " the emblems of an ancient
plebeian calling. Hence dates the rise of Franc-Carbonari , or forest Masonry,
existen t to the present among the nobi lity.
The oppressions in Naples, until recentl y, kept alii'e the political organisa-
' tion of the Carbonari in Italy, AA'hich in France was simply a charitable and
. hospitable institution. Since 1814 they have maintained their fundamental
doctrines of a United Italy and a Reformed National Church. They have
accomp lished one half of their work—a United Italy. As Masons , we have
nothing to say as to the other moiety ; as individuals we mi ght not object to a
reformed Church.
The societ y is in no wise Masonic. Freemasonry seeks to bestow virtues
and benefits upon no solitary peop le or nation. She teaches the sanctity of a
universal faith. She has no political or sectarian aims ; reaching forward , not
for poiver, but exerting a secret, quiet, but ivholesome influence among all
men . The following explains a foregoing reference :—
'Augustus Frederick Ferdinand de Kotzebne, a celebrated German writer, historian critic
and dramatic author , was born in Saxony in 1761. At the age of twenty
where he enjoyed diplomatic di gnities; afterwards he resided he went to Russia'
'
at Berlin for a number of years. His position and the tenour, asof Consul General of Russia
his writings, which were
opposed to liberal ideas that he had ori ginally ad vocated, excited against him
Ming a spy as well as a traitor to German libert y. His assassination the suspicion of
was determined npon
»y the students of the University, Jena, who, in a Lod ge of the Tugend-Bnnd
Who should punish the recreant author. It fell upon Charles Louis Sand, , drew lots as to
wttled m tbe war of the Liberation , but had resumed his studies after the who had previously
battle of Waterloo
un the next morning, Sand, clad in ancient German dress,
started on his mission , and mur.
"ra-ed Kotzobuo on the 23rd of March, 1819, with a
i.imous secret societies of Westphalia in the Middle Apoi gnard such as were used by the
ges. After proclaiming himsel f the
yenge,. of Qe,,man r i g Ua , Sand attempted suicide, but subsequentl
°un( s. He died beneath the axe of the headsman , in tho twenty-third y recovered from his
otzooue is known to Americans as the author of the play called • Tho year of his age
ve''y popular on our stage." Stranger
a >' formerlvy
M.McM.
P 2
 AUTUMN.

A UTUMN ! chill Autumn ! why take all the flowers

-£i- We've cherished ancl tended the whole summer long ?
Like the herald of Death thou art come, ancl our boAvers
Ave robbed of their beauty, their blossom, and song !

Mournful the strain of the last Avanclering swallow,

Vainly it yearns for a home 'neath the sun ;
Autumn's chill blasts over hill oi'er holloiv
Tell him winter is coming—summer has gone.

For his once gay companions and sunshine departed ,

With laments for time frittered in folly away,
He sobs out a dirge ; and then , quite broken-hearted ,
His A'oice is for ever hushed—ended his day.

Cold though the winds blow, ancl rayless the clay dawn,
Heai7)' the rainclouds, dull, cheerless noon 's li ght,
A robin is perched on a branch of the haAvthorn,
O'erlooking his nest with both pride and deli ght.

Blithely he whistles his bold song, and cheery

His mate chirps response to the notes of her love ;
Ancl winds pass unheeded, their moaning so dreary
His bri ght eyes ne 'er dim, his glad heart do not move.

The SAvallow lost strength in his useless repining,

His life of inaction warped energies given ; •
Whilst the redbreast , in faith and on duty reclining,
Learnt in storms, as in sunshine, to y ield thanks to Heaven .

" Nay ! He Avho has promised both seedtime and reaping,

Who gathers His Avheat , ivhich must die ere it live,
Sends me to remind thee , in Nature thus preaching,
Of a ' death unto life ; ' thou , this warning receive.

" And then , if thou reapest the grain He has planted ,

Binding sheaves ivith contentm ent, whate'er may betide ;
Thy notes will ring out in glad tones Heaven granted ,
And life be renewed by a soul satisfied. "

Chilton. ETOILE .
 BEAT R I C E .

BV THE AUTHOR Ol' THE " OLD , 01,0 STOKV ," " ADVEXITI.'KS OF DOS
PASQUALE , " ETC.

CHAPTER XIY .
PERIOD of peace ancl calm succeeded the eventful scenes 1haA'e recentl y
A recorded in the truthful pages of this magazine, and the "Idle Club "
seemed to gather force and recruits, whether from the reaction of lassitude, or
the anticipation of coining events . Even Mr. Miller condescended to join
that agreeable " symposium "; and there it Avas that the waggish TAvamley con-
trived to extract from the somewhat taciturn Scotchman the history of his
dealings with the male and female Grogwitz , which I haA'e already recorded
in, let us trust, " imperishable records. "
As Mr. Miller liked a glass of grog, or whisky todd y, it was not difficult , in
that genial circle, to unloose his tongue ancl obtain his confessions. Little by
little, however, whether yielding to the sage philosophic advice of Brumme'r
or the . airy nothings of Twamley, Mr. Miller came to think he had better
" leaA'o well alone "; ancl he soon relapsed (taking more snuff than ordinaril y)
into a contented frame of mind, ancl learned to laugh heartily at Brummer's
experience, as he termed it, of "the state of affairs, matrimonially speaking."
A memorable conversation which ensued at one of these pleasant gatherings
( IIOAV also things of the past for ever) deseiwes to be mentioned here , as it not
only throws some light on the action of the various " dramatis jj ersonte," but
seems replete ivith wisdom and warnings suitable for all ages and appropriate
to all conditions. Indeed , as one remembers and realises it now, we almost
think that Ave are listening to the didactic exhortations of Socrates , the sunny
temperament of Plato, and the proverbial senteutiousuess of Confucius ail
concentrated into one focus.
They were talking of what some disciple of Darwin or Huxley has termed
the "female unit " when dealing with the principles especially of natural or
unnatural selection , when the conversation took the following striking turn.
Much allowance must be made for the amiable weakness of the " Idle Club "
in those eventful days". A large portion Avere actually on the very brink of the
plunge of matrimony, and naturally, poor foolish moth s, they would keep
encircling the flames which ivere, ere long, to scorch ancl consume them ! It
may be safel y asserted. I think, that human nature is always the same, under
given circumstances ancl distinct conditions , at all periods of the world's
history ; and men in loi'e haA'e ahvays been held , by the wisest of teachers to
be "pro tern " in an abnormal "status," AA'hether of feeling, thought , or action ,
and rather to be regarded with compassion than reprehension , with sympathy
rather than ridicule. No doubt at that period they say many words and do
many things equally unreasonable ancl unaccountable on any known principle
of the truest philosophy. Nothing but the "old, old story " seems to have any
interest or fascination for them , and they believe—yes, actually believe,—in
constancy which is often fickleness , in affection which too often wearies, in
devotion which is, too often , short-lived ; in truth which is, alas , too often , too
often , indeed , a hollow and a shallow lie. However , a truce to disquisitions ,
AA-hich are depressing, and platitudes, which are profitless.
One evening they were all assembled together in full conclave and in high
force, and much was the noise, thick the smoke, and great the laughter.
" Ah !" Mr. Miller said sententiously, all of a sudden, taking a huge pinch
ot: sirtiff , "it is a very singular thing, gentlemen , hoiv little wo do know of
women here. They have often appeared to me like the Sp hinx of E gypt,
buried in tbe sand and the mystery of ages, or like the oracle at Del phi, which ,
as you know, ahvays said one thing and meant another. "
" All!" replied Brummer , "vat is tbe use of complaining about de womans.
She is just vat she is and vat she ever will be—-the most curious of dis earth's
creatures. Whether you take her in youth or middle age or old age, it is
always the same. She is still , as de French so elegan tl y and wittil y put it ,
' unpayable,' both in what she says and Ai'hat she thinks, ivhat she does ancl AA'hat
she does not do. What a warning, my dear Mr. Miller," added Brummer slily,
ancl laughing heartily, " is clere against hast y, unadvised, ancl ill-assorted
marriages."
Old Mr. Miller responded nothing to this tirade, but Avent on smoking
calmly, ancl onl y put doAvn his ci gar in an amber tube to take another p inch of
snuff. But Twamley, AV IIO saw an opportunity, here burst in in full cry and
great geniality.
" By-the-way, Brummer," he said, " you promised us a dissertation on
matrimony in general and on happy marriages in particular. Let us have it,
old boy. There are a great many sentimental goslings here " (think of the
cheek of this young man, kind reader) " by whom your philosophy is greatl y
needed and to ivhom your sage advice will be very acceptable. For no one
can talk like you, Brummer, when once ' the tap is turned on , ' ancl no one has
more experience in human affairs or the condition of happiness and unhappi-
ness in this sublunary scene."
My readers will again notice the full force , in these simple Avords , of sar-
casm ancl flattery combined .
" Veil," replied Brummer , " I will give you all a little bit of my mind, and
I hope, Master Twamley, it will do yon ancl the rest of the company present,
to whom I looks most pleasantly, much good."
" So mote it be \ " said Twamley, who ii'as a distinguished member of the
Masonic fraternit y, and had a great regard for that old ancl poetic and sympa-
thetic response.
" It is a very serious thing," hegan Brummer, in solemn tones, " to con-
template the married state." (Here all the young men laughed out.) "Yes,
you may laugh, but you may find out before long, as they say in my Vaterland ,
' Meiue hen-en,' dat matrimony, like a good many other things in this world,
is ' much cry ancl little wool.' You Morley, you Lacey, you Tivahiley, ancl
yon young men all, are like young bears with your sorroivs before you. Yes,
yes ; eA'en in matrimony, as in all Avorlclly things , you will find dat clere are
more 'bitters than siveets', that there are more 'kicks than half-pence,' ancl
dat you will all have to ' eat a peck of dirt before you die.' "
The company grew here more reserved and gloomy, the smoke got clearer,
ancl the consumption of mystic compounds more decided.
" It is indeed , " continued Brummer , "l'ery alarming to contemplate matri-
mony "per se " in its normal state and absolute condition among men. Let us
take this illustration of marriage just IIOAV. What clo you see ? A coup le of
people fancy they are in love, from motives of self delusion , passion, or interest,
ancl they are a nuisance to their friends , ancl a bore to one another. Indeed ,
such an affliction and infliction are they, that de clay of marriage is hurried on
by mutual consent, to put an end to a period of nonsense , and weakness , and
spooning, which betrays the irresistible tendencies of a hopeless mortalit y, ancl
loAver man himself to a position incompatible ivith p hilosophy and wisdom."
Ancl here Brummer looked round for applause, aud put on a most sagacious
look, but no applause came, and , amid a mute and listening assembly, the
great orator thus j iroceeded..
"Well, these two geese are duly married , as my friend Trollope says in one
of his best works, with a ' cloud of curates ,' ancl then vat next ? Do you
think dat I wish to disclose the ' aporrohi ' of the honeymoon ? Certainl y not,
You ahvays give to criminals and lunatics in dis Avorl d every indulgence
compatible with dere safe custody; at least you ought to do. But ' revenons
a nos moutons.' Dese tivo silly people have now to face one another for life,
mark dat, gentlemen. For life—all dis life . Dere is no ' locu s pcenitentia '
for them ; no ' animus revertendi ; ' dere domicile is fixed in cle great street
of matrimony, and dere they must stay whether they will or no, ivhether they
like it or not. All of a sudden dese two congenial companions and sympathetic
souls find, dat dej' agree in noting. De man likes his club and Newmarket ,
de Avife likes dress ancl dancing. Dey have nothing to bind or cement them
together ; dey go their own Avays, ancl before A'ery long, clere friends are again
bored Avith their quarrels and their complaints, as they used to be with their
spooning ancl their tomfooleries. Ah, my friends, think Avell before you marry,
whom you marry, and how you marry. If you can find a true and honest girl
who really cares for you , it is well, you Avill be a happy man ; but if you
marry for caprice, or p ique, or money, or rank , or ' couvenance,' you will be
unhappy, belieA'e me. A good marriage, a fitting marriage, is a A'ery blessed
thing before God and man, but a foolish marriage, a heartless marriage, a
senseless marriage, is—is—de very devil."
There was a deep silence ivheu Brummer ceased from his pathetic oration,
broken only by Twamley, ivho said, " Before this lodge adjourns and this child
skedaddles, let me tell you a story, ladies and gentlemen, illustrative of the
depth of woman 's love, and woman's something else." There ivas a profound
silence "Onceupon a tinie, " said Tivamley, "there was a gentleman full Avell-to-
do in this Avorld's goods, who gave out that he would only marry a thoroughly
good-tempered woman. Many gentle beings were much admired , but found
wanting in this absolutely needful characteristic of a suitable helpmate. One
young lady, of great good looks, intimated, however, to her friends, that she
would 'fix ' the recalcitrant hero ; and this is IIOAV she did it. One evening at
a ball she asked him to take her clown to supper , and he, nothing loth, joyousl y
complied. As they were sitting side by side, she turned the conversation on
good temper. ' O h ! ' she said (though she was very bad tempered herself ,
you ought to know), 'I think nothing of a woman who can't keep her temper.
Good temper in a woman is absolutely a duty.' Taking up a dish of straw-
berry cream, she asked her ' young man ' to have some, and by some means
(still unknown or unexplained) contrived to sp ill a portion of it over her new
gown. ' Ah,' she said, IIOAV .stup id of that clumsy Ai'aiter ; but it is not worth
a thought.' So impressed was the gentleman with her angelic disposition ,
that he proposed the next clay and was accepted. Of course, they got married,
and a feiv months after matrimony the fact ivas too patent to the poor husband
that he had actuall y married the ' worst tempered woman in the world.'
So struck was he with the fact and the change that had come OA'er the
'spirit of his dream,' that in one of their dail y skirmishes he taxed her with
the alteration in her temper , and contrasted Avhat she now hourly ii'as with
what she once appeared to be, an 'angel of light. ' ' Oh,' said she, ' I simply
did you. I put on that sweet amiability. I made you marry me. And as
you have taken me for better or for worse, you will have to see me as I really
am. I ahA'ays meant to punish you for your impertinence to my sex, aud I
Avill.' Pleasant look out , was -it not," said Twamley, " for that confiding
husband ? "
"Ah , " said Brummer " dat is vat I' ve always said ; de lvomaus is A'ery
cunning."
"Well," remarked Mr. Miller , for the first time, " a woman, you see, is a
woman, and neA'er thi-OAvs aAvay a chance."
" Rather ," chimes in Twamley, " what I think we shall all agree on is, ' that
Avomen are queer critters,' and that all the world over the woman is the same,
actually the same, whether on the Boulevarts or among the Andes, Avhether in
London or Vienna , Constantinople or New York ; she is still the same. Yes,
 the same in her ideas ancl ways, her p lans ancl her pursuits, her giddy sayings
and her dark deeds, her pleasant grace, and , if you like, her golden heart. "
" Una est injusti ccerula forma maris," sang. Ovid of old, which my young-
friend Pottleton has recently translated so well, if paraphrastically, rather—
" Wherever you go, whatever you see,
A woman's the same, and will always be. "
I believe it was the great Moliere who also said—
" La femmo est toujom-s fomme
Et jamais no sera,
Autre chose que femmo
Taut cpie le monde dnrei-a."
" Good night, gentlemen," here said Morley, " you have given us a good
lecture to-night. I hope it will clo us all good ; but, faith , I doubt it. Like one
or two more ' green ' goslings, as yon call them, I am j ust now a firm believer
in the virtue, and truth, and. excellence of woman, anclmy sentiments are those
of a nameless poet, ivhose words I will try to read to you :—
"TO MY LADY-LOVE IN CHURCH.
"A sunbeam laughs into her face— .
The face that knows no stain ,
And laughs to see from out their place
Within the window's pane
The olden saints, iii quaint army,
Come sliding, gliding down,
To hover o'er hor winsome face
And weave for her a crown
" Saint Matthew gleams about her lips,
For all his mien so staid ;
And see, upon her finger tips
Saint James's palms are laid;
The loved apostle calmly floats
O'er one so purely fair,
And hoar Saint Peter, with his keys,
Lies tangled iu her hair.
"Aline eyes arc dazzled with the blaze,
For oh! she is so fair ;
Yet do I nought but gaze and gaze,
For glories have no glare.
And th en I murmer to myself,
All ivond'i-ing, ' How can she—
This being—in her radiancy,
My own betrothed be.'
"Anon tbe organ's minstrel sy
Aud all the choir join in ,
But she, albeit her siloncy,
Is holier than a hymn.
Her Jubilate Domino ,
Her every look doth show—
And Gloria is writ upon
The brightness of her brow."
As Morley concluded these touching lines with due emphasis, the company
incontinently made for the door , and the smoke all at once seemed to mingle
with the " circumambient air."
"Oh," said Mr. Miller , as he took up his hat , " such is life."
" Yes," replied Brummer, " it mostly ends in smoke, ivhich soon vanishes
into empty space, ancl leaves us nothing behind but dust and hashes,"
. (To be conl-inuutl.)
 NOTES ON LITERATURE , SCIENCE, AND ART.

BY BRO. GEORGE MAKKHAM TAVEDDELL ,

Author of " Shakspere , his Times and Contemporaries ," " The Sar ds ancl Authors of
Clevelan d and South Durham ," " The People 's History of Cleveland and its
Vicinage," " The Visitor's Handbook to Bedcar, Goatham , aud Saltburu-by-the-
Sea," " The History of the Stockton and Darlington llailway," &v., &'c.

DRS. Wolfe, dimming, and Pickering, have discovered that three per
cent, of the people of Glasgow are subject to colour blindness.
The operations of Captain Eacls, for the deepening of the lower portion of
the river Mississippi, have been so successful that the largest vessels can now
pass safely between New Orleans and the Gulf.
Dr. Spencer T. Hall , " the Sherwood Forester," ivhose genial and graphic
delineations of English sceneryhave for many years been the deli ght of a large
circle of readers, has now in the press a new work on " The Trent and its
Tributaries." Amongst the scenery depicted is not onl y that of the Paver
Trent through its whole course , but of Dovedale, the Derwent, Wye, ancl
Lathkil, in Derbyshire; the Erewash, Leen, and the streams ancl lakes of
Sherwood Forest, in Nottinghamshire ; the Sowe, Penk , ancl Blythe, from
Staffordshire ; the Tame, from Warwickshire ; the Soar and Devon , from
Leicestershire ; ancl every other tributary of consequence; with many touches
of history, life, and character. The book will be a welcome companion to the
tourist and the angler, as Avell as for reading by the domestic hearth , in the
long, cold ni ghts of winter, when one loves to visit in imagination familiar
sylvan scenes, none of Avhich are more loA'ely than on the bosky banks of our
rivers ancl rivulets.
Bro. William Stonehonse, a respected Past Master of the old Lion Lodge
at Whitby, established in 1797, and an actiA'e worker in all that concerns the
welfare of that romantic borough , has just published an interesting little book,
entitled " Tom Keld's Hole,." the scene of which is laid in Goathland , ancl
which is a graphic picture of the manners ancl conversation of the dalesfolk.
Besides its undeniable merit as a temperance tale, it will be A'alued .by all who
care to study the folklore and dialects of Yorkshire.
Under the title of "The Derbyshire Gatherer ," Mr. William Andrews ,
F.R.H.S., has read y for publication a volume of archceological, historical, ancl
biographical facts, collections of folklore, etc. Among his contributors are
the well-knOAA'n names of W-. E. A. Axon, F.R.S.L. ; J. Charles Cox (tivo of
whose able volumes on the churches of Derbyshire I haA'e noticed in these
"Notes," the others I have not seen) ; Dr. Spencer T. Hall ; LleAvellinn Jewitt ,
F.S.A.; Frederick Ross, E.R.H.S. ; Edward Walford , M.A.; and many others.
That certainly fine county seems-having full justice clone to it; and I hope it
Ari.ll have the effect of causing those who. travel in search of health and
recreation to spend their money at home, instead of rushing to see other
countries whilst their own is little known to them. Those wild ramblers
remind me of certain brother Masons AVIIO are anxious to climb, as they sup-
pose, to the top of the Masonic tree, by hurry ing through ninety-three
(so-called) Masonic degrees, Avhilst they are reall y ignorant of those of the
Craft !
The Town Council of Antwerp have recently purchased , for the sum of
£480,000, the art treasures ancl printing establishment of the celebrated
 Christop her Plantin and his descendants. Plantiu 's biography is a romance
of real life. He ivas born at Mont Louis, near Tours , in 1514, the year
after the battle of the Spurs was fou ght in France, and that of Flodden
Field in Scotland. His father, Charles dc Tierc elin Signeur, of La
Roche du Maine, was of noble birth , and a captain iu the Duke
¦ d'Aleneon 's regiment, and ivas taken prisoner both at the battle of Pavia
and at that of St. Queutin , and died in deep povert y, at the age of
eighty-fiA'e. Two of the old warrior 's sons emigrated to Caen , and
changed their names, adopting those of two plants they noticed in passing
through a field : one taking the name of Porret, from the porret or leek, and
becoming a "leech " and apothecary ; the other assuming that of Plantin ,
from the plaintain or weybred, and apprenticing himself to Richard Mace,
the King 's printer. At Caen, Plantin married Joanne Riveire, ancl then ivent
to Antwerp, where the Town Clerk employed him to bind his books, and lent
him money with which to hire a larger shop, known by the sign of the Rose,
near tbe Augustine Church -. for houses not then being numbered, tradesmen,
like innkeepers at the p resent day, made their places of business conspicuous
by some sign; the booksellers often affixing woodcuts of theirs to their p ubli-
cations, to make their shops better knoivn. Thus one of the early Bolognese
printers, Benedict Hector, says :—" Purchaser,- be aware when you AA'ish to
buy books issued from my printing office. Look at my sign, Avhich is repre-
sented on the title page, and you can never be mistaken. For some evil-
disposed printers have affixed my name to their uncorrected ancl faulty works,
in order to secure a better sale for them. Jodocus Badius, of Paris ; Aldus,
of Venice ; aud others, make similar complaints ; proving that there were in
the earliest ages of printing, as UOAV, scoundrels fitter for the hulks than a
printer's " chapel." Even the Steivs upon the Bankside, as we learn from
good old Stow, bore such signs as the Cross Keys, the Cardinal's Hat , etc.
Our earliest English printer after the immortal Caxton, Wynken de Worde,
a native of Lorraine, printed aud published at the sign of the Sun in Fleet
Street ; his pupil, Richard Pynson, at the sign of St. George , in ,the same
street, close to St. Dunstan 's Church, and consequently Avithin a stone-throAV
of the 'Masonic Magazine office ; Julian Notary, " ivithout Temple Bar, iu St.
Clement parish, at the sign of the Three Kings,"—that is, Melchior , Balthazar,
and Jaspar, the three so-called Kings of Cologne ; John Butler (said to have
been also a Judge of the Common Pleas), at the sign of St. John the
Evangelist, in Fleet Street ; Laurence Andrew, at the Golden Cross, Fleet
Street ; Thom as Berthelet , the King 's printer, at the sign of the Lucretia
Romana, Fleet Street ; John Haukins, at the Mermaid , " at Pollis Gate next
to Cheapside ;" and so on, many subsequent printers adopting the signs and
monogram s of their predecessors,—as, for instance , Richard Fawkes, the St.
John the Evangelist ; John Rastell , the Mermaid ; ancl John Day, the famous
printer of the Reformation, partly adopted the Sun of Wynken de Worde,
rising above the horizon , whilst a boy wakens up his sleeping companion with
the exclamation—" Arise, for it is Day !"—one of those puns on their own
names for ivhich our earl y printers had so much liking : Richard Grafton 's
rebus of a grafted fruit-tree growing through a tun or cask being one of
many examples.* Plantin soon acquired a fame, not only for the neatness of

* May not Richard Grafton 's rebus have been suggested by the earlier oue of Robert
Thornton , Abbot of Jervaulx , as shown upon a monumental slab uow affixed to the interior
of the wall of the south aisle of Middl eham Church ? Within the legend , along with the
mitre and pastoral staff of the Abbot, the sacred monogram, and the initials R. T., are a tun
or cask, with the branches of a thorn. Although the proper etymology of ton in all surnames
is evidently from the town in ivhich the family had formerl y resided , a cask, or occasionally
more than one, was a common, symbol for the syllable in the middle ages. Thus at Wihnslow,
in Cheshire, we find in the monumental effi gy of Humphrey Newton, the head supported by
three casks or tuns.
 his workmanshi p, but also for its accuracy ; an examp le ivhich printers of the
present day would do well to imitate. " I am well aware that many illustrious
men have flourished as printers," Avrote Scribanius ; " I have known the Alduses
from Italy—the Frobens from Germany—and the Stephenses from France ;
but these are all eclipsed in the single name of PLANTIN ! If they were the
stars of their own hemispheres , yon, Plantin , are the sun—not of Antwerp,
nor of Belgium only—but of the world." High praise this, and like all true
praise, well deserved. I11 earl y life he was stabbed by mistake one ni ght by
some masqueraders at the Carnival , ancl after his recovering, on going one
Friday to the market, he recognised in a shop the very costumes ivorn by the
masqueraders ; found out who had hired them on the day he ivas stabbed , and
wisely compounded with them for money Avith which to buy his first printing-
press. Afterwards , like Robert Step hens, he had some of his type cast in
solid silver, to secure line impressions. In 1576—when our Shakspere was a
boy of ten years—the celebrated De Thou paid him a visit, when he found
that the wages of his workmen amounted to one hundred golden crowns (£17
Is. 8d. sterling) a day. Besides the famous establishment at Antwerp,
Christopher Plantin had also printing offices at Leyden and at Paris. He
died in 1589, just after the birth of Hobbes , the philosopher ; of George
Wither, the poet ; and of Spagnoletfco , the painter ; when the Marprelate con-
troversy was at its height, ancl Shakspere ancl his fellows were protesting that
their stage-plays had never brought in " matters of State and reli gion, unfit to
be handled by them , or to be presented before lewd spectators."

Bose Cottage , Stokesley.

TWO PICTURES.

A N old farmhouse with meadows ivide,

-£*- Ancl sweet Avith clover on each side :
A bri ght-eyed boy, who looks from out
The door ivith Avoodb ine wreathed about,
And wishes this one thought all day t
" Oh ! if I could but fly aAvay
From this dull spot the world to see,
How happy, happy, happy,
HOAV happy should I be !"

Amid the city 's constant din,

A man AVIIO round the world has been ,
Who 'mid the tumult and the throng-
Is thinking, thinking all day long :
" Oh ! could I only tread once more
The field-path to the farm-house door,
The old green meadow could I see,
How happy, happy, happy,
H OAV happy should I be !"
 MASONIC READING.

BV li, EA1ISAY OBTLLA , OXT.

THE great necessity for Masonic stud y amongst the Fraternity is so well
understood , that it appears almost unnecessary to allude to it here ; but,
after all, it is advisable to urge it again and again upon brethren and Masters
of lodges in particular. H OAV pitiful it is to discover the lack of interest that
a majority of the Craft take in the literature of Freemasonry. I am not afraid
to say that not one Mason out of ten has a single Masonic A'olume in his book-
shelves, unless perchance it be a copy of the Book of Coiisfcitutions of the
Grand Lod ge of his own jurisdiction. From this he studies, ancl if he acquires
a rudimentary knowledge of this vade mecum of the Craft, he fancies himself
able to argue upon any Masonic subject , and express his A'iews upon any of
the abstruse technicalities that have puzzled some of our best Masonic juris-
consults. But even this kuoivledge is greater than thousands ever acquire.
Such being the case, it is not surprising that we so often see emp t y lodge-
rooms.
Is there no remedy then for this lamentable state of affairs r Yes. And,
although at first it may be difficult to attain to the hi gh position that so
many have acquired , still much might be clone. The neophyte is the one to
be taught. He should be instructed that it is his duty to subscribe for at
least one Masonic journal, and there should be a clause in the bye-laws of
lodges to the effect that a certain proportion of every initiation fee should
be placed to the credit of the Lodge Literary Fund. The amount would be
small at first, but it Avould be a nucleus and one that necessarily must increase.
The young Mason is, as a rule, eager to acquire knowled ge, but he is too
often left to grope alone in darkness. He thirsts for information , but there
are none to give it to him ; and after receiving the degrees, ancl too often not
even having been informed that there is any thing in Masonry beyond the
Third Degree, he drops off , and final ly, taking his climit, is lost to the Craft,
for an unaffiliated Mason is literall y rotten, timber in the Temp le of the Lord. The
fault lies not so much with this class of unaffiliates as with those who should
have taught them. Freemasonry has a history that can be traced in a myriad
Avays, in different paths ancl connections , till it is lost in the dim vista of the
ancient mysteries of dark ages, Avhen men studied the theory of a Godhead
and a hereafter through secrets and symbolism, iu order the better to free
themselves from the ignorance ancl bi gotry with which they were surrounded.
Masters of Lodges should teach these; but in order to clo so, they must
study themselves and acquire a thorough knowled ge of Freemasonry as it was
ancl as it is. Ritualism is excellent , but it is of very secondary importance
to many other branches of Masonic knowled ge. Look at our glorious
symbolism as taught by Pike and Morris; onr wondrous jurisprudence as
expounded by Mackey aud Simmons ; our mysterious history as developed by
Finclel and Fort. Years ancl years of constant reading are required to master
these subjects, and yet we meet brethren every day who have never heard of
any of these Masonic ivriters. It is lamentable to think of the ignorance
which is actually encouraged in many lodge-rooms. Are our lodges merel y
club rooms in which certain men go to see a pretty seance , whilst others attend
" to be made Masons ? " Surel y the Freemasonry of the nineteenth century
has a hi gher and loftier mission than this !
I maintain that Ave can only change this state of things by impressing
upon the candidate the necessity of Masonic reading. Have a' 1ibrary con-
 nected with the lodge-room , and encourage Masonic reading. HOY/ often , when
there has been no work on hand , have I heard the W.M. "run the lectures
round the room," ancl thus enforce ei'ery brother to keep up his ritual. The
system is a good one, but it ivoulcl be much better if that were alternated by
the Master giving a subject for discussion aud appointing certain brethren to
give their views upon it, and this universal knowledge would soon be acquired.
I Avant Brethren to get beyond their own lodge-room, to step over narro w
restrictions, ancl breathe the free atmosphere of Masonry unii'ersal ; and , to clo
so, Masonic reading must be encouraged. The lodge-room is a school-room ,
the Master ancl officers are teachers , and the brethren pupils. As a rule, the
pupils, especiall y the younger ones , are eager to learn ; but, in many cases, the
teachers are laggards, and, as long as they give the routine lessons (the ritual),
they care for nought else. Here is ivhere the damage is clone. Brethren , I
appeal to you to change these things. Elect no brother to the east, west, or
south, unless he knows something of Masonry beyond the ritual of the first
three degrees , and is capable of expressing his own views intelligentl y on
Masonic topics. Ignorance amongst the teachers produces apathy amongst the
pup ils, ancl such pup ils soon leave school in disgust.
Grand Masters ancl others in authority should more constantly bring this
subject before the notice of Masters of lod ges, and they to the brethren . It is
a disgrace to the Fraternity that Masonic journals barel y exist ; the brains ancl
intellect of the Craft are given with liberality and generosit y in order to
spread " more light , " ancl yet the veterans in the brotherhood , who have
devoted their lives to the diffusion of Masonic knowledge, are allowed to drift
doAvn the stream iu poA'erty ancl want * The Grand Lodge of Ohio actuall y
A'oted one hundred dollars to " the old man eloquent," who, by means of the
Masonic Bevieiu, had clone more for a quarter of a century in the aid of Ohio
Masonry than its Grand Lod ge had ever clone ; yet the beloved veteran ,
Cornelius Moore, was voted one hundred dollars ! Comment is unnecessary.
This is the Avay Masons encourage those who furnish the Fraternity with
Masonic reading. Eie upon such a comment for the profane and the sceptic
to jeer at!
If Brethren would only strive to grasp the lessons taught by our
mystic symbolism, the Fraternit y would rise with tenfold strength and
accomplish tenfold the good that it now does. The great ancl good , the
philanthrop ic ancl benevolent , would take an active part in its welfare. It
would become not onl y a great benevolent association , but a gigantic emporium
of science, ivhere men of letters and erudition ivoulcl lay bare their discoveries
and display their talents. Masonic reading is, as a rule, such as develops the
intellect of man by producing solemn, serious thought, leading his mind from
frivolous matters to those of a theo-philosop hic character. A reading Mason
cannot but be a man of deep thought and liberal ideas. The very character of
our mysteries is such as to induce him to contemp late those higher, grander,
and nobler mysteries, which have absorbed the attention of the human race
from the earliest ages. Should we not, then , by every means in our poiver
encourage Masonic reading ? H OAV much better it is for a brother to spend
his leisure in " the search of truth , " as symbolised by a more eager desire to
know God in his wondrous mystery, than to devote it to the frivolou s literature ,
of the day—trash in many instances ; aye, not only useless, but often per-
nicious ? Masters, I appeal to you to guide the neophy te through the flowery
paths of Masonic erudition , and then our noble institution will have few
ashlars in its holy temple that will not " stand the test of the Great Overseer 's
Square."

* As lately was done in tho case of an illustrious brother , who not only died in want , but
ivas buried without that honour which he had gained by his worth , talent! ancl character .
 CONDITION OF FREEMASONRY IN SPAIN.

THE following communication is taken from the proceedings of the Grand

Lodge of Connecticut for 1879 , and will give a partial insight of what
Masonry has to contend with , and of its present condition in Spain :—
TO THE GTJ OUY OF THE GREAT ARCHITECT OF THE UNIVERSE.
The Most Serene Gran d Orient of Spain, Supreme Power of Spanish Masonry.
Order from Chaos.
The Grand Commander and Grand Master of Spanish Masonry, to the
M.W. Grand Symbolic Lodge of :
We wish you thrice greeting.
Illustrious and M.W. Brother:—This Most Serene Grand Orient feels the
greatest satisfaction in having the honour to address your venerable Masonic
Centre. The Grand Orient of Spain , which has passed through so many
vicissitudes, being a victim for many years to unjustifiabl e persecutions—to
errors ancl bad faith on the part of the clergy and the civil government , which
had almost brought our institution to the border of the abyss, and reduced the
mi ghty sous of li ght to wretched pariahs—to-day, by a supreme effort , arises
in its mi gh t ; ancl, after a prolonged silence , has the happiness to announce to
you that iu the short space of two years since its reorganisation it has suc-
ceeded in creating, regulating, and installing the following Masonic bodies,
viz.:—136 Symbolic Lodges ; 12 sei'eral Chapters of the Royal Arch ; 11
several Chapters of the Rose Croix ; a M.W. Grand Symbolic Lod ge; 6
Mother Lodges in the provinces ; a General Grand Chapter of the Royal Arch ;
a Sovereign General Grand Chapter of the Rose Croix ; Areopagus of
Cavaliers Kadosh, gr. 30 ; a Soverei gn Grand Consistory of Sublime Princes
of the Royal Secret, 32; a Grand Lod ge of Administration ancl Revision of
Documents ; and, finall y, a Supreme Council of SoA'erei gn Grand Inspectors
General of the 33rd ; ancl last, of the Ancient and Accep ted Scottish Rite,
which we profess.
Under these circumstances , illustrious and M.W. Brother, the Gran d Orient
of Spain is able to lift up its head and offer itself to the consideration of its
beloved brethren, showing them that, if for a long time it has suffered from
internal dissensions, it now has a regular and perfect ri ght to occupy a position
amona' the Masonic nations of the world.
You will observe that, having passed through a long series of misfortunes,
without being able to rely upon the support of the civil government , this
Grand Orient has found itself obliged to struggle against an ambitious ancl
despotic theocracy, which has occasioned countless mart ydrons iu the annals of
Spanish Masonry.
With these claims we present ourselves before you , illustrious ancl might y
brothers. Upon learning our ri ght and perfection in our Masonic labours , we
believe that you ivill have to crown our constancy, ancl suffer the truth to pre-
vail amid the shadows of error aud iniquity.
We hope that the noble Masonic body which you so worthily control will
form with the Grand Orient of Spain the fraternal bond which unites us all ;
ancl we pray that the Great Architect of the Universe may protect your labours
for the greater glory and prosperit y of our Order.
Given at this Grand Orient aud District of Madrid , March 20th , 1878.
(Signed) JUAN A. PEREZ ,
Grand Commander and, Gran d Master.
PEDRO P. CASTANERA ,
Grand Secretary General.
 MUSIC.

WITHOUT music Avhat heart could be happy on earth ?

Without music Avhat soul could be happy above ?
T'was from angels we learnt it—they sang at our birth ,
And they taught us by music to live ancl to love.

How oft when the mind is depressed e'en to sadness,

Ancl misery 's tear from its fountain must flow,
Will a touch of thy chords disperse clouds into gladness
Ancl warm up the heart with a heavenl y glow.

So, when in devotion our voices are blending

With music 's sweet chorus, we praise Him who above
Gave to angels the mission, with mercy descending,
To teach us by music to live and to love.
E.D.R.C.

===== iTj AKo

ANNIVERSARY OF ST. JOHN.
— . ^§on&y
r HHE superstitions of the Dark Ages have furnished us with some interesting
-L- tales in connection with the 24th of June (St. John's Day). These old
traditions of the earlier centuries have some foundation to rest upon, but just
how much I cannot ascertain. They are interesting stories , and appear like the
revelations of buried centuries, when two worlds seemed to be nei ghbours, and
" the old camp-ground " was the border land, where flesh and spirit met in
ancient fellowship. As an illustration or example of this, I copy the following
from an English work :—
" There is a quaint old tradition which comes down to us from ancient
times, tottering under its load of age and replete with superstitions of the
past. On the borders of Alsatia there lies a great city, dating its foundation far
back to the old Roman days, and rich in those architectural relics of the
olden time which are ever so dear to the antiquary.
" ' Quaint offspring of eenturial years, the town of Strasburg stands;
Rich in the love of a mighty past, in legend and in story ;
Rich in high-hearted , honest sons, a country's truest glory ;
Rich in its old Cathedral Church , with clustering ivy spread,
The Santa Croce of the land, where sleep her noble dead.'
" The story runs that once in every twelve mouths, on the eve of St. John ,
when the quiet burghers of that ancient city are Avrapt in slumber, and when
the hour of midni ght clangs out from the loud-tongued bell ivhich hangs
in the old cathedral tower , the spirits of the stonemasons by whose hands
the sacred pile was erected arise from the tomb ancl once more re-visit the
scene of their former labours. Up from the dark ancl gloomy crypt, along the
columned aisles, and vast, dim n ave, across the white, gleaming marble floor ,
chequered with ghostly shadows that stream fro m pictured oriels, past the
stone-carved statues that keep watch ancl ward with their swords ancl sceptres ,
comes the long train of death-like, ni ght-wandering shadows. Clad in their
quaint old mediaAval costume, the Masters with their compasses ancl rules , the
 Craftsmen with their plumbs, and squares, and lei'els, the apprentice lads with
their heavy gavels, all silentl y greeting their companions, old and dear, with
time-honoured salute ancl token as of yore.
" While the last note of the deep-mouthed bell is still trembling in the air,
reA'erberating from arch to arch and dy ing away amid the frozen music of the
traceried roof ; forth from the western portal stream the shadowy throng.
Thrice round the sacred edifice winds the ivaving, floating train , brave old
Erwin himself leading the ivay ; Avhile far above—up above the sculptured
saints AVIIO look down upon the sleeping city—up ivhere, at the very summit
of feathery, fairy-like spire, the image of the Queen of Heaven stands, there
floats a cold, white-robed female form , the. fair Sabiua, old Erwin 's well-beloved
child, ivliose fair hands aided him in his work. In her ri ght hand a mallet, in
her left a chisel , she flits among the sculptured lace-Avork of the noble spire
like the genius of Masonry.
" With the firs t faint blush of dawn the A'ision fades , the jshantom shapes
dissolve, ancl the old Masons return to their sepulchres , there to rest until the
next St. John 's eve shall summon them to ear th."
There, reader, I have given you a legend of the olden time. I will not
vouch for the truthfulness of the story, but it awakens neiv thoughts and
furnishes fresh topics for reflection. There were certainl y some master
workmen at the building of that gran d old cathedral ivho deserve more than
a shadowy immortality. The name of St. John was reverenced in that group
of Avorkmen, as it still is wherever Freemasons Avander or work.—Bro. Cornelius
Moore, in the Voice.

THE EMIGRANT.

SHE clasped her hand on my arms,

She laid her cheek on my shoulder,
The tide of her tears fell warm
On hands that trembled to hold her.
I whispered a pitying word
As the ships moved slowty apart,
And the grief of the friendless poured
Its choking weight on my heart.
For graves in the evening shade
Were green on a far off hill ,
Where the j oys of her life were laid
With loA'e that had known no chill.
But howeA'er her heart might yearn,
We were facing the freshening breeze ,
Ancl the white wake lengthened astern
On the rolling floor of the seas.
She quenched the fire of her tears ;
Uplifting her meek, brave head—¦
" Or dark or bri ght be the years ,
I will take courage," she said ;
Smoothing back her loose-blowing hair,
And her shaivl drawing closer the while,
So she drank in the strong sea air ,
And left the old shore ivith a smile.