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Flowcharts use geometric shapes and arrows to visually represent the logical steps and data flow of a computer program or problem-solving process. There are standard symbols like terminals, processes, decisions, and connectors. General rules include flowing from top to bottom with arrows connecting boxes, decision symbols having multiple exit points, and connectors joining breaks in flow. Flowcharts help with problem analysis, documentation, maintenance, and coding by clearly communicating the program or problem logic.

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Laris Peter
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26 views10 pages

5

Flowcharts use geometric shapes and arrows to visually represent the logical steps and data flow of a computer program or problem-solving process. There are standard symbols like terminals, processes, decisions, and connectors. General rules include flowing from top to bottom with arrows connecting boxes, decision symbols having multiple exit points, and connectors joining breaks in flow. Flowcharts help with problem analysis, documentation, maintenance, and coding by clearly communicating the program or problem logic.

Uploaded by

Laris Peter
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Flowchart

Definition

Flowchart is a diagrammatic representation of the sequence of logical steps of a program. Flowcharts


use simple geometric shapes to process the data and arrows to show relationships and process/data flow.
For example suppose you are going for a picnic with your friends then you plan for the activities you will
do there. If you have a plan of activities then you know clearly when you will do what activity. Similarly when
you have a problem to solve using a computer or in other words you need to write a computer program for a
problem then it will be good to draw a flowchart prior to writing a computer program. Flowchart is drawn
according to defined rules.
Flowchart Symbols
There are 6 basic symbols commonly used in flowcharting of assembly language Programs: Terminal,
Process, input/output, Decision, Connector and Predefined Process. This is not a complete list of all the possible
flowcharting symbols, it is the ones used most often in the structure of Assembly language programming.
General Rules for flowchart

1. All boxes of the flowchart are connected with Arrows. (Not lines)

2. Flowchart symbols have an entry point on the top of the symbol with no other entry points. The
exit point for all flowchart symbols is on the bottom except for the Decision symbol.

3. The Decision symbol has two exit points; these can be on the sides or the bottom and one side.

4. Generally a flowchart will flow from top to bottom.

5. Connectors are used to connect breaks in the flowchart. Examples are:

• From one page to another page.

• From the bottom of the page to the top of the same page.

• An upward flow of more than 3 symbols

6. All flow charts start with a Terminal or Predefined Process (for interrupt
programs or subroutines) symbol.

7. All flowcharts end with a terminal or a contentious loop.

Flowchart control structure


Control structures are used to alter the flow of execution of the program.
There are three types of control structures available in C
1) Sequence structure (straight line paths)

2) Selection structure (one or many branches)


3)Loop structure (repetition of a set of activities)
Examples of Flowcharts

Problem1: Find the area of a circle of radius r.

Problem 2: Convert temperature Fahrenheit to Celsius.

Problem3: Flowchart for an algorithm which gets two numbers and prints sum of their value
Problem4: Algorithm for finding the greater number between two numbers.

Problem5: Flowchart for calculating the average from 25 exam scores.


Advantages of using Flowcharts

These advantages are as follows:

1) Communication: A Flowchart can be used as a better way of communication of the logic of a system and
steps involved in the solution, to all concerned particularly to the client of the system.

2) Effective analysis: A flowchart of a problem can be used for effective analysis of the problem.

3) Documentation of Program/System: Program flowcharts are a vital part of a good program


documentation. Program documents are used for various purposes like knowing the components in the
program, complexity of the program etc.

4) Efficient Program Maintenance: Once a program is developed and becomes operational it needs time to
time maintenance. With help of flowchart maintenance becomes easier.

5) Coding of the Program: Any design of solution of a problem is finally converted into a computer
program. Writing code referring to the flowchart of the solution become easy.

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