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The Conditionals

Conditionals are sentence structures that express scenarios or hypothetical situations. There are zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional uses the present simple tense to express real facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and future tense to express very likely future scenarios. The second conditional uses the past simple tense to express hypothetical imaginary scenarios. The third conditional uses past perfect tense to express past situations that did not happen. 'I wish' and 'if only' can be used to express things we would like to change in the present or past.

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Rebeca Muñoz Oliete
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36 views1 page

The Conditionals

Conditionals are sentence structures that express scenarios or hypothetical situations. There are zero, first, second, and third conditionals. The zero conditional uses the present simple tense to express real facts. The first conditional uses the present simple and future tense to express very likely future scenarios. The second conditional uses the past simple tense to express hypothetical imaginary scenarios. The third conditional uses past perfect tense to express past situations that did not happen. 'I wish' and 'if only' can be used to express things we would like to change in the present or past.

Uploaded by

Rebeca Muñoz Oliete
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE CONDITIONALS

Conditionals are a very useful type of


sentences to pose scenarios ranging from real
to imaginary ones.

Zero conditional
Real facts.
Option 1: If + Condition (present simple) + Result (present simple)
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
Option 2: Result (present simple) + if + Condition (present simple).
An ice cube melts if you put in the sun.

First conditional
Scenarios in the future which are very likely to happen.
Option 1: If + Condition (present simple) + will / won't + Result
(infinitive without to).
If everyone agrees, we will go to Spain next year.
Option 2: Will / Won't + Result (infinitive without to) + if + Condition
(present simple)
We will rent it if we like the apartment.

Second conditional
Hypothetical imaginary scenarios.
Option 1: If + Condition (past simple) + would / wouldn't + Result
(infinitive without to).
If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
Option 2: Would / Wouldn't + Result (infinitive without to) + if +
Condition (past simple).
You would speak Japanese if you lived in Japan.

Third conditional
Situations in the past that did not happen.
Option 1: If + Condition (past perfect) + would / wouldn't + have +
Result (past participle).
If I had studied medicine, I would have been a surgeon today.
Option 2: Would / wouldn't + have + Result (past participle) + if +
Condition (past perfect).
I would not have been happy today if I had not studied music.

'I wish' and 'if only'


Things we would like to be different in the present or in the past.
In the present: We can use wish/if only + a past form to talk about a
present situation we would like to be different.
In the past: We can use wish/if only + a past perfect form to talk
about something we would like to change about the past.
Expressing annoyance: We can use wish + would(n't) to show that
we are annoyed with what someone or something does or doesn't do.

Rebeca Muñoz Oliete

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