NDA Previous Year Questions CONTINUITY

JEE (MAIN & ADV.
), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX

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CONTINUITY ( )
Only one option is correct.
2 x + 3 where − 3 < x < −2

1. Let f ( x ) =  x + 1 where − 2 ≤ x < 0 . Then, the number of points at which f ( x ) is discontinuous
 x + 2 where 0 ≤ x < 1

is :
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 3
1 − cos x
 where x ≠ 0
2. If f ( x ) =  x is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is :
 k where x = 0
1 1 1
(a) − (b) 0 (c) (d)
2 4 2
sin 3 x
3. f ( x) = , when x ≠ 0, and f ( x ) = k , when x = 0. For the function to be continuous, k should
sin x
be
(a) −3 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) 3
 3 x + 4 tan x
 when x ≠ 0
4. Let f ( x ) =  x . The value of k , for which f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 is:
 k when x = 0
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) None of these
5. The value of f ( 0 ) so that f ( x ) =

( −e x
+ 2x )
may be continuous at x = 0 is :
x
1
(a) 0 (b) −1 + log 2 (c) log (d) 4
2
 (1 − sin x ) π
 2
when x ≠
If f ( x ) =  (
 π − 2x) 2 π
6. is continuous at x = , then the value of λ is:
 π 2
 λ when x =
2
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
4 2 8
1 − sin x + cos x
7. The function f ( x ) = is not defined at x = π . The value of f (π ) , so that f ( x ) is
1 + sin x + cos x
continuous at x = π , is:
1 1
(a) −1 (b) − (c) (d) 1
2 2
π 
tan  − x 
8. Let f ( x ) = 4  , x ≠ π . The value which should be assigned to f  π  so that it is continuous
 
cot 2 x 4 4
everywhere, is :
th
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2 ( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 2 (d) None of these
2
 sin 5 x
 x 2 + 2 x , where x ≠ 0
9. If f ( x ) =  is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is:
1
k + , where x = 0
 2
1
(a) −2 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2
2 x − 3sin x
10. If f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0, is continuous at x = 0, then f ( 0 ) = ?
3 x + 4 tan x
3 1 2 2
(a) − (b) − (c) (d)
7 7 7 3
( 4 x − 1)
3

 where x ≠ 0
 x  x2 
11. If f ( x ) =  sin   log 1 +  is a continuous function at x = 0, then the value of a is
  a   3 
 3
9 ( log 4 ) where x = 0
:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
 log (1 + 3 x ) − log (1 − 2 x )
 where x ≠ 0
12. If f ( x ) =  x is continuous at x = 0, then the value of a is :
 a where x = 0

(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) −2
1+ x − 3 1+ x
13. The value of f ( 0 ) , so that the function f ( x ) = is continuous at x = 0 is:
x
1 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 3 2 3
1 − sin x π
 π − 2 x where x ≠ 2
14. If f ( x ) =  be continuous at x = π / 2, then the value of λ is:
 π
λ where x =
 2
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
1 − 2 sin x π
 where x ≠
15. If f ( x ) =  π − 4 x 4 is continuous at x = π then a is equal to:
 π 4
a where x =
 4
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
4 2 2 2
2 x − sin −1 x
16. The value of f ( 0 ) so that the function f ( x ) = is continuous at each point in its domain,
2 x + tan −1 x
is equal to:
1 1 2
(a) (b) − (c) (d) 2
3 3 3
th
( ) BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES 3
1/ 3
( 27 − 2 x ) − 3 , x ≠ 0. If f x
17. Let f ( x) = 1/ 5 ( ) is continuous at x = 0, then the value of f ( x ) at x = 0
9 − 3 ( 243 + 5 x )
is :
(a) 2 / 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
1 − sin x π π π 
18. If f ( x ) = , x ≠ , is continuous at x = , then f   is :
sin 2 x 2 2 2
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
2
log e (1 + x 2 tan x )
19. If f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0, is to be continuous at x = 0, then f ( 0 ) must be defined as:
sin x 3
1
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
2
 x3 − 2 x 2 − 15 x + 36
 where x ≠ 3
If f ( x ) = 
2
20. ( x − 3) , is continuous at x = 3, then the value of p is:

 p where x = 3
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
1 − cos λ x
 x sin x where x ≠ 0
21. If φ ( x ) =  is continuous at x = 0 , then the value of λ is:
 1
where x = 0
 2
 1 
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) ± 1 (d) ±  
 2
2 x − 2− x
22. The value of f at x = 0 so that the function f ( x ) = ; x ≠ 0 is continuous at x = 0, is :
x
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) e4 (d) log 4
1 − tan x π  π  π π 
23. Let f ( x ) = , x ≠ , x ∈ 0,  , f ( x ) is continuous in 0, 2  then f  4  is:
4x − π 4  2
1 1
(a) −1 (b) − (c) (d) 1
2 2
1 − cos x
 where x ≠ 0
24. If the function f ( x ) =  x 2 is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is:
1
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) (d) 1
2
3
 ax − ( a + 1) where x ≠ 2
25. If f ( x ) =  2 f is continuous at x = 2, then what is the value of a ?
 1 where x = 2
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
1

26. If f ( x ) =  ( x − 1) 2− x where x ≠ 2 . Then, for f x to be continuous at x = 2, the value of k must be
( )
 k where = 2
x
1
(a) 1 (b) e (c) (d) 1 − 2e
e
th
4 BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( )
 x − ( a + 2) x + a
2
 where x ≠ 2
27. If f ( x ) =  x−2 is continuous at x = 2, then
 2 where x = 2

(a) a = 3 (b) a = 1 (c) a = 0 (d) a = −1
4+ x −2
28. Let f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 . For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have f ( 0 ) equal to :
x
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) 4
4
sin 2 ax
29. The value of a so that f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0, f ( 0 ) = 1 is continuous at x = 0 is :
x2
(a) only −1 (b) ±1 (b) 0 (d) only 1
1/ x
30. If f ( x ) = ( cos x ) , x ≠ 0 be continuous at x = 0, then the value of f ( 0 ) is:
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) e
2
kx where x ≤ 2
31. f ( x) =  . If f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, then the value of k is :
 3 where x > 2
2 3
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 3
3 4
1
32. If f ( x ) = x sin , x ≠ 0 be continuous at x = 0, then the value of f ( 0 ) is:
x
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) None of these
 ax 2 + bx + c
where x ≠ 1
33. If f ( x ) =  x − 1 and f ( x ) is continuous then:
 0 where x = 1

−b 3c
(a) a = b = c (b) a = c = (c) 2a = 2c = b (d) a = −b =
2 2
( 3 x − 4 ) where 0 ≤ x < 2
34. Let f ( x ) =  . If f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, then λ is:
( 2 x + λ ) where 2 ≤ x ≤ 3
(a) −2 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) 2
sin x
35. If f ( x ) = + cos x, when x ≠ 0 and f ( x ) = 2 when x = 0 , then
x
(a) lim f ( x ) ≠ 2 (b) lim f ( x ) = 0 (c) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 (d) None of these
x →0+ x →0−
1
36. If f ( x ) = x x −1
for all positive x ≠ 1 and if f is continuous at x = 1, then f (1) equals:
1
(a) 0 (b) e (c) (d) e2
e
 sin π x
where x ≠ 0
37. Let f ( x ) =  5 x . If f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, the value of k is:
π 5
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) (d)
5 π
 π
 mx + 1 where x ≤ 2 π
38. If f ( x ) =  is continuous at x = , then :
sin x + n where x > π
2
 2
th
π π nπ
(a) m = 1, n = 0 (b) m = n = (c) n = m (d) m = +1
2 2 2
1
2 − ( 256 − 7 x ) 8
39. Let f ( x ) = 1/ 5
, x ≠ 0. Then, for f to be continuous everywhere, f ( 0 ) is equal to :
( 5 x + 32 ) −2
7
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) (d) 64
64
 2 cos x − 1 π
 where x ≠
40. If f ( x ) =  cot x − 1 4 , is continuous at x = π , then the value of m is:
 π 4
m where x =
 4
1 1 π
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
4 2 4
2
x −9
 , when x ≠ 3
41. If f ( x ) =  x − 3 , is continuous at x = 3, then k is equal to:
2 x + k , when x = 3

1
(a) −6 (b) 0 (c) (d) 3
6
 1 + kx − 1 − kx
 where − 1 ≤ x < 0
42. If f ( x ) =  x , is continuous at x = 0, then k is equal to:
 2 x2 + 3x − 2 where 0 ≤ x < 1

(a) −4 (b) −3 (c) −2 (d) −1
1 − cos 4 x
 where x ≠ 0
43. The value of k for which the function f ( x ) =  8 x 2 , is continuous at x = 0, is
(a) k = −1 (b) k = 0 (c) k = 1 (d) None of these
 sin ( cos x ) − cos x π
 2
where x ≠
44.

Let f ( x ) =  (π − 2 x ) 2 π
. If f ( x ) is continuous at x = , then k is equal to:
 π 2
 k where x =
2
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d)
2
 (1 + cos x ) sin 2 x
 . where x ≠ π
Let f ( x ) =  (π − x ) log (1 + π 2 − 2π x + x 2 ) . If f ( x ) is continuous at x = π , then k
2
45.

 k where x = π
is equal to
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
2 2 4 4
2
 sin m x
 2
where x ≠ 0
46. Let f ( x ) =  x . Find the values of m so that f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0.
 3 + 1 where x = 0
 4 4m
th
1 1 1 1
(a) −1, (b) , − 1 (c) 1, − (d) − , − 1
2 4 4 2
[ x ] + [ − x ] when x ≠ 3
47. If f ( x ) =  , where [] is the greatest integer function, then f is continuous at
 k when x = 3
x = 3, if k is equal to :
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
( cos x )1/ sin x where x ≠ 0
48. The function f ( x ) =  is continuous at x = 0. The value of k is :
(a) e1/ 2 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) e
1 2
 − where x ≠ 0
49. Let f ( x ) =  x e 2 x − 1 . If f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) does not exist (d) None of these
{sin ( 2 x )}2
 + e− x where x ≠ 0 is continuous, then the value of k is :
50. If f ( x ) =  x 2
 k where x = 0

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
 e1/ x − 1
 where x ≠ 0
51. For the function f ( x ) =  e1/ x + 1 , which of the following is correct?
 0 where x = 0

(a) lim f ( x ) = 1 (b) lim f ( x ) does not exist (c) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0
x →0 x →0
(d) lim f ( x ) exists but f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0.

x →0
 sin x
 + cos x where x ≠ 0
52. The function f ( x ) =  x is continuous at x = 0 . Then the value of k is
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 1.5
a 2 − ax + x 2 − a 2 + ax + x 2
53. The value of f ( 0 ) , so that the function f ( x) = , x ≠ 0 become
a+x − a−x
continuous for all x , is :
(a) a (b) − a (c) a a (d) − a a
 ( 36 x − 9 x − 4 x + 1)
 where x ≠ 0
54.

(
If f ( x ) =  2 − 1 + cos x ) is continuous at x = 0 , then k equals :
(a) 16 ( log 2 )( log 3) ( )
(b) 16 2 ( log 6 ) ( )
(c) 16 2 ( log 2 )( log 3) (d) None of these
 1
sin where x ≠ 0
55. The value of k which makes f ( x ) =  x continuous at x = 0 is :
th
 ( x − 1)
 where x ≠ 1
56. The function f defined by f ( x ) = 1 + e1/ ( x −1) . At x = 1 , the function f ( x ) is :
 0 where x = 1

(a) Discontinuous since lim f ( x ) does not exist (b)Discontinuous since lim f ( x ) ≠ lim f ( x )
x →1− x →1− x →1+
(c) Discontinuous since lim f ( x ) ≠ f (1) (d) Continuous at x = 1

x →1
 8 x − 4 x − 2 x + 1x
 when x > 0
57. If f ( x ) =  x2 , is continuous at x = 0 , then the value of k is :
e sin x + π x + k log 4 when x ≤ 0
x

e
(a) 2 (b) log 2 (c) (d) π 2
2
sin x
58. Let f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0 . Then f ( x ) can be continuous at x = 0 , if
x
(a) f ( 0 ) = −2 (b) f ( 0 ) = 0 (c) f ( 0 ) = 1 (d) f ( 0 ) = 2
 cos 2 x − sin 2 x − 1
 where x ≠ 0
59. Let f ( x ) =  x2 + 4 − 2 . Then the value of a in order that f ( x ) may be
 where x = 0
 a
continuous at x = 0 is :
(a) −8 (b) −4 (c) 4 (d) 8
 1
 x where x ≠ 0
60. The function f ( x ) =  4 − 1 is continuous :
 0 where x = 0
(a) nowhere (b) everywhere except at x = 0 and x = ∞
(c) everywhere except at x = 0 (d) everywhere
61. If f ( x ) = x + 2 when x ≤ 1 and f ( x ) = 4 x − 1 when x > 1 , then :
(a) lim f ( x ) = 4 (b) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0
x →1
(c) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 (d) None of these

 x − 1 where x < 2
62. The function f ( x ) =  is a continuous function :
2 x − 3 where x ≥ 2
(a) For x = 2 only (b) For all real values of x
(c) For all integral values of x only (d) For all real values of x such that x ≠ 2
1 cos 2 π x 1
63. Find the value of f   so that the function f ( x ) defined by f ( x ) = 2 x , x ≠ is continuous
2 e − 2ex 2
1
at x = .
2
π π2 π π2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2e 2e 2e2 2e2
sin 2 x + A sin x + B cos x
64. If f ( x ) = is continuous at x = 0 , then the values of A, B and f ( 0 ) are
x3
respectively:
(a) A = 1, B = −1, f ( 0 ) = 0 (b) A = 1, B = −2, f ( 0 ) = −2
(c) A = 2, B = −2, f ( 0 ) = 1 (d) A = −2, B = 0, f ( 0 ) = −1
th
 sin [ x ]
 where x > 0
 [ x ] + 1
 π 
 cos  [ x ] 
 2  where x < 0 , where x denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x ,
65. If f ( x ) =  [ ]
 [ x]
 k where x = 0




then in order that f be continuous at x = 0 , the value of k is
(a) Indeterminate (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) 1
 1  1
66. Find all the points of discontinuity of f   if f ( x ) = 2 .
 x −1  x + x−2
1
(a) x = 1, x = −2 (b) x = , x = 2 (c) x = 1, x = 2 (d) None of these
2
1
67. The number of points at which f ( x ) = is not continuous, is :
x2 − 1
log e 2
x +1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
( e x − 1)
4

 where x ≠ 0
  x2  2
68. The function f ( x ) =  sin   log 1 + x  , is continuous everywhere. The value(s) of
2
 a   2
 8 where x = 0

a is/are
(a) 1, 2 (b) −1, − 2 (c) 2, − 2 (d) 1, − 2
 πx 
69. The points of discontinuity of f ( x ) = tan   other than x = −1 are :
 x +1 
2m − 1 2m + 1 2+m
(a) x = 0, π (b) x = , m ∈ Z (c) x = , m ∈ Z (d) x = , m∈Z
2m + 1 1 − 2m 2m − 1
 x+2 where 1 ≤ x < 2

70. The function f ( x ) =  4 where x = 2 is continuous at
3x − 2 where x > 2

(a) x = 2 only (b) x ≤ 2 (c) x > 2 (d) None of these
 x + λ where x < 3

71. If the function f ( x ) =  4 where x = 3 is continuous at x = 3 , then the value of λ is :
3x − 5 where x > 3

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
 x−4
 + a where x < 4
x−4

72. Let f ( x ) =  a+b where x = 4 . Then f ( x ) is continuous at x = 4 , when :
 x−4
 + b where x > 4
 x−4
(a) a = −1, b = 1 (b) a = 1, b = −1 (c) a = 0, b = 0 (d) a = 1, b = 1
th
x− x
 , where x ≠ 0
73. If f ( x ) =  x then :
 2, where x = 0

(a) lim f ( x ) = 2 (b) f ( x ) is continuous everywhere
x →0
(c) f ( x ) is discontinuous at atleast one point (d) None of these

 x (1 + a cos x ) − b sin x
 where x ≠ 0
74. Let f ( x ) =  x3 . If f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 , then the values of a
 1 where x = 0

and b are respectively:
−5 −3 −5 −3 −3 −4 −4 −3
(a) , (b) , (c) , (d) ,
3 2 2 2 2 3 3 2
 4 + ax − 4 − ax
 where − 1 ≤ x < 0
75. If f ( x ) =  x , is continuous in the interval [ −1, 1] , then the value
 3 x +2
where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
 x −8
of a is equal to :
1 1
(a) −1 (b) − (c) (d) 1
2 2
 1 + px − 1 − px
 where − 1 ≤ x < 0
76. If f ( x ) =  x is continuous in the interval [ −1, 1] , then p = ?
 2x +1
where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
 x−2
1 1
(a) −1 (b) 1 (c) − (d)
2 2
77. The value of b for which the function
 5 x − 4, when 0 ≤ x < 1
f ( x) =  2 is continuous at every point of its domain, is :
4 x + 3bx, when 1 < x < 2
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) (13 / 3)

 1 − cos 4 x when x < 0
 x2

78. Let f ( x ) =  k when x = 0 . Then value of k for which f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 , is :

 x
when x > 0
 16 + x − 4

(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 3
 π
 2 cos x where x≤−
2

79. If f : R → R given by f ( x ) = a sin x + b where − π < x < π is a continuous function on R then
 2 2
 2 π
 1 + cos x where x≥
2

( a, b ) is equal to :
th
1 1
(a) ( 0, − 1) (b) ( −1, 0 ) (c) ( 0, 2 ) (d)  , 
2 2
 (1 − sin 3 x ) π
 2
where x <
 3cos x 2
 π π
80. If f ( x ) =  a where x = is continuous at x = , find the values of a and b .
2 2

 b (1 − sin x ) π
 2
where x >
 (π − 2 x ) 2
1 1 1 1
(a) a = 2, b = (b) a = , b = 4 (c) a = , b = 2 (d) a = 4, b =
2 2 4 2
x
81. The function f ( x ) = x + is :
x
(a) continuous at origin
(b) Discontinuous at origin because x is discontinuous there
x
(c) Discontinuous at origin because is discontinuous there
x
x
(d) Discontinuous at origin because both x and are discontinuous there
x
2x2 + 7
82. The function f ( x ) = 3 is discontinuous for :
x + 3x 2 − x − 3
(a) x = 1 only (b) x = 1 and x = −1 only
(c) x = 1, x = −1, x = −3 only (d) x = 1, x = −1, x = −3 and other values of x
 sin ( a + 1) x + sin x
 where x < 0
 x
83. If the function f ( x ) =  c where x = 0 is continuous at x = 0 , then :

 x + bx 2 − x
where x > 0
 bx x
3 1 3 1 3 1
(a) a = − , b = 0, c = (b) a = − , b = 1, c = − (c) a = − , b ∈ R, c = (d) None of these
2 2 2 2 2 2
 π
 x + a 2 sin x where 0 ≤ x < 4

84. If the function f ( x ) =  2 x cot x + b where π ≤ x ≤ π is continuous for 0 ≤ x ≤ π , then
 4 2
 π
a cos 2 x − b sin x where 2 < x ≤ π

π π π π π π
(a) a = ,b= (b) a = ,b= (c) a = ,b=− (d) None of these
6 12 3 6 6 12
 2 π
 x + a 2 sin x where 0 ≤ x <
4

85. If the function f ( x ) =  π π is continuous in the interval [ 0, π ] then
x cot x + b where ≤x<
 4 2
 π
b sin 2 x − a cos 2 x where 2 ≤ x ≤ π

the values of ( a, b ) are
th
(a) ( −1, − 1) , (1, 1) (b) ( −1, 1) , ( 0, 0 ) (c) ( 0, 0 ) , (1, 1) (d) (1, 1) , ( −1, 1)
 x2
 where 0 ≤ x < 1
 p
86. The function f ( x ) 
defined as f ( x ) =  p where 1 ≤ x < 2 is continuous in the interval

 ( 2q − 4 q )
2
where 2≤x<∞
 x2
( 0, ∞ ) . The real values of p and q can be :
(a) p = 1, q = −1 (b) p = 2, q = 2 (c) p = −1, q = 1 (d) p = 2, q = −2
 n x2 − x − 2
 2
when x < 2
 2+ x− x
87. A function f ( x ) 
defined as : f ( x ) =  m when x = 2 , is continuous at x = 2 . Then, the
 x− x
 [ ] when x > 2
 x−2
values of m and n are
1 1 −1 3
(a) m = , n = − (b) m = 1, n = −1 (c) m = n = 1 (d) m = , n=
2 2 2 2
 a
π
( 1 + sin ) where − <x<0
x sin x
 6
88. If the function f ( x ) =  b where x = 0 is continuous at x = 0 , then :
 tan 2 x
 π
e tan 3 x where 0 < x <
 6
2 2 2
(a) a = , b = log e   (b) a = , b = e 2 / 3 (c) a = log 2 3, b = log 3 2 (d)None of these
3 3 3
 −π
 −2sin x where − π ≤ x ≤ 2
 π π
89. If f ( x ) = a + b sin x where −π < x < π , is continuous at both x = − and x = , then ( a, b ) is
2 2 2 2

 π
 cos x where ≤ x≤π
 2
equal to :
(a) ( −1, 1) (b) (1, − 1) (c) ( 0, 1) (d) (1, 0 )
 x4 − 5x2 + 4
 when x ≠ 1, 2
 ( x − 1)( x − 2 )
90. Let f ( x ) =  6 when x = 1 . Then f ( x ) is continuous on the set :
 12 when x = 2


(a) R − {2} (b) R − {1} (c) R − {1, 2} (d) R

 x 4 − 13 x 2 + 36
 where x ≠ 2, 3
 ( x − 2 )( x − 3)

91. The function f ( x ) =  p where x = 2 can be continuous at x = 2 and x = 3 if
 q where x = 3


th
(a) p = −20, q = 45 (b) p = 20, q = 45 (c) p = −20, q = −45 (d) None of these
1
92. The number of points at which the function f ( x ) = is discontinuous, is :
log x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

 1/ x
 (1 + ax ) where x < 0

93. The values of the constants a, b, c for which the function f ( x ) =  b where x = 0 is
 1/ 3
 ( x + c ) − 1 where x > 0
 ( x + 1)1/ 2 − 1

continuous at x = 0 , are
(a) a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = ( 2 / 3) , c = −1 (b) a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = ( 2 / 3) , c = 1
(c) a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = ( −2 / 3) , c = 1 (d) None of these
3
1+ x − 4 1+ x
94. The value of f ( 0 ) so that f ( x ) = becomes continuous at x = 0 , is :
x
1 1 7
(a) 0 (b) (c) (d)
4 12 12
 1 + x2 where x < 3

 3x − 1 where 3 ≤ x < 4
95. Let f ( x ) =  . The number of points of discontinuity of f ( x ) in R is:
 [ x ] where 4 ≤ x < 5
 1− x where x ≥ 5

(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) Infinite
96. The set of points of discontinuity of the function f ( x ) = sin x is
 π 
(a) {n π : n∈ I } (b) ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I  (c) φ (d) None of these
 2 
97. The points of discontinuity of tan x are
π
(a) n π , n ∈ I (b) 2n π , n ∈ I (c) ( 2n + 1) , n∈ I (d) None of these
2
98. f ( x ) = log (1 + x ) is continuous in the interval :
(a) ]0, ∞[ (b) ] − ∞, − 1[ (c) ] − 1, ∞ [ (d) None of these
99. Let f ( x ) = x − x − x 2 , x ∈ [ −1, 1] . Then, the number of points at which f ( x ) is discontinuous is :
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
100. What is the value of k for which the following function f ( x ) is continuous for all x ?
 x3 − 3x + 2
 for x ≠ 1
f ( x ) =  ( x − 1)
2

 k for x = 1
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) −1
101. The function f ( x ) = [ x ] , where [ x ] denotes the greatest integer function, is continuous at
(a) 4 (b) −2 (c) 1 (d) 1.5
th
( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
) 13
 x where x ≥ 0
102. Consider the following function f : R → R such that f ( x ) =  2 ,. Then, which one
− x where x < 0
of the following is correct?
(a) f ( x ) is continuous at every x ∈ R (b) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 only
(c) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 only (d) f ( x ) is discontinuous at every x ∈ R
1
103. The number of points at which the function f ( x ) = is not continuous is
x − [ x]
104. The function given by f ( x ) = tan x is discontinuous at some point in the set
 π   nπ 
(a) {nπ : n ∈ z} (b) {2nπ : n ∈ z} (c) ( 2n + 1) : n ∈ z  (d)  : n ∈ z 
 2   2 
x2 − 4
105. If f ( x ) = then f ( x ) is
x −1
(a) continuous at x = 2 (b) discontinuous at x = 2
(c) discontinuous at x = 0 (d) discontinuous at x = 4
106. f ( x ) = sin x + log e x is continuous
(a) ∀ x (b) ∀ x > 0 (c) ∀ x < 0 (d) ∀ x ∈ ( 0, 1]
107. The function f ( x ) = x is continuous at
(a) x = 0 only (b) x = 1 only (c) all real points (d) for all x except at 0
1/ x
(1 + x ) for x ≠ 0
108. f ( x ) =  , then f ( x ) is
 e for x = 0
(a) continuous at x = 0 (b) discontinuous at x = 0
(c) continuous at x = e (d) continuous, ∀x ∈ R − {0}
51/ x , x < 0
109. Let f ( x ) =  and λ ∈ R, then at x = 0 :
λ x , x ≥ 0
(a) f is discontinuous (b) f is continuous only if λ = 0
(c) f is continuous only, whatever λ be (d) none of these
1
110. The number of points at which the function is discontinuous is
log e x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) infinite
 π
 −2 sin x where x ≤ −
2

 π π
111. Let f ( x ) = a sin x + b where − < x < The values of a and b so that f ( x ) is continuous
 2 2
 π
 cos x where x ≥
2

are
(a) a = 1, b = 1 (b) a = 1, b = −1 (c) a = −1, b = 1 (d) a = −1, b = −1
th
 (1 + px ) − (1 − px )
 where − 1 ≤ x < 0

112. If f ( x ) =  x is continuous in the interval [ −1, 1] , then p is
 2x +1
 where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
x−2
equal to
1 1
(a) −1 (b) − (c) (d) 1
2 2
 1
113. If f ( x ) = [ x ] +  x +  where [ x ] denotes the greatest integer function, then
 2
1 1 1 1
(a) Left hand limit at x = is (b) Right hand limit at x = is
2 2 2 2
1 1
(c) f ( x ) is continuous at x = (d) f ( x ) is not continuous at x =
2 2
−1
 4 x − sin x
 for x ≠ 0
114. If f ( x ) =  2 x + tan −1 x , then the value of k so that f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 is
 k for x = 0
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8
 2x −1 for x ≤ 1

115. If f ( x ) =  ax − b for 1 < x < 2 is continuous at x = 1 and at x = 2 then the value of a and b are
 x+3 for x ≥ 2

(a) a = 3, b = 4 (b) a = 4, b = 4 (c) a = 3, b = −4 (d) a = 4, b = 3
( )
3
 4x −1
 where x ≠ 0
 x  x2 
116. The value of p for which the function f ( x ) =  sin   log e 1 +  may by
  p  3 
 3
 12 ( log e 4 ) where x = 0
continuous at x = 0 is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
 x + a 2 sin x where 0 ≤ x < π / 4

117. The function f ( x ) =  2 x cot x + b where π / 4 ≤ x ≤ π / 2 is continuous for 0 ≤ x ≤ π . Then.
a cos 2 x − b sin x where π / 2 < x ≤ π

a , b are
π π π π π π π π
(a) , (b) , (c) ,− (d) ,
6 12 3 6 6 12 6 2
118. Let f ( x ) = x − x − x 2 for x ∈ [ −1, 1] , then the number of points at which f ( x ) is discontinuous is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 4
 x−3 for x ≥ 1
 2
119. The function defined by f ( x ) =  x 3 x 13 is
 − + for x < 1
4 2 4
(a) Continuous at x = 1 and at x = 3 (b) Continuous at x = 1 and discontinuous at x = 3
(c) Continuous at x = 3 and discontinuous at x = 1
(d) Discontinuous at x = 1, x = 3
th
x− x
 for x ≠ 0
120. If f ( x ) =  x , then at x = 0, the function is
 1 for x = 0

(a) Continuous (b) Not continuous since LHL ≠ RHL
(c) Not continuous since LHL or RHL does not exist
(d) Discontinuous since the function is not defined at x = 1
 kx2
 e − 1 for x ≠ 0
121. If f ( x ) =  x is continuous at x = 0, then k is

 −2 for x = 0
(a) −2 (b) −4 (c) 0 (d) −1

 1 − cos 4 x where x < 0
 x2

122. If f ( x ) =  k where x = 0 is continuous at x = 0 , then k is

 x
where x > 0
 16 + x − 4

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 8

1 − cos 4 x where x < 0
 x2

123. If f ( x ) =  a where x = 0 is continuous at x = 0, then the value of a is

 x
where x > 0
 16 + x − 4

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 16
124. A function f ( x ) = x − 1 + x + x + 1 is defined in ( 0, 2 ) . Then f ( x )
(a) is continuous at x = 1 (b) has a removable discontinuity at x = 1
(c) has jump discontinuity at x = 1 (d) may not be continuous at x = 1
 px 2 − q where 0 < x < 1

125. If f ( x ) =  x + 1 where 1 < x ≤ 2 , then the value of the pair ( p, q ) for which f ( x ) cannot be
 2 where x = 1

(a) ( 2, 0 ) (b) (1, − 1) (c) ( 4, 2 ) (d) (1, 1)
π 
126. The function f ( x ) =  − x  tan x is not continuous at x is equal to
2 
(a) π (b) 0 (c) π / 2 (d) None of these
1 + sin x − cos x
127. The function f ( x ) = is not defined at x = 0. The value of f ( 0 ) so that f ( x ) is
1 − sin x − cos x
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 0 (d) None of these
1
128. The number of points at which the function f ( x ) = is discontinuous is
log x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
th
π 
tan  − x 
129. If f ( x ) = 4  at x ≠ π . Then the value which should be assigned to it at x = π so that
cot 2 x 4 4
function is continuous at the point is
(a) 1/ 2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) None of these
3x − 4
130. The function f ( x ) = is discontinuous when x is equal to
3x − 4
(a) 2 / 3 (b) 4 / 3 (c) −2 / 3 (d) −4 / 3
x 1
131. The function f ( x ) = 2 , x ≠ 0 and f ( 0 ) = is not continuous at x = 0, because
x + 2x 2
(a) lim f ( x ) ≠ f ( 0 ) (b) lim+ f ( x ) does not exist
x →0 x →0
(c) lim− f ( x ) does not exist (d) lim f ( x ) does not exist
x →0 x →0
2 x − 3sin x
132. If the function f ( x ) = , for x ≠ 0, is continuous at x = 0, then f ( 0 ) is equal to
3 x + 4 tan x
(a) 3 (b) 2 / 7 (c) −3 / 7 (d) −1/ 7
3 x − 4 where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
133. Let f ( x ) =  . If f is continuous at x = 2, then what is the value of l ?
2 x + l where 2 < x ≤ 9
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) −2 (d) −1
134. Function f ( x ) = sin x + cos x + x is discontinuous at
π
(a) x = 0 (b) x = (c) x = π (d) No where
2
1  1 + ax 
135. Value of f ( 0 ) so that f ( x ) = In   can be made continuous at x = 0, is equal to :
x  1 − bx 
a
(a) a − b (b) a + b (c) In   (d) In ( ab )
b
136. The function f ( x ) = x + x − 1 is
(a) continuous at x = 0 as well as at x = 1 (b) continuous at x = 1 but not at x = 0
(c) discontinuous at x = 0 as well as at x = 1 (d) continuous at x = 0 but not at x = 1
 1
sin where x ≠ 0
137. The value of k which makes the function f ( x ) defined by f ( x ) =  x continuous
at x = 0 is
ax + 1 where x ≥ 1
138. If f ( x ) =  is continuous, then a should be equal to
 x + 2 where x < 1
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 4
1 − cos 4 x
 where x ≠ 0
139. The value of the constant k so that the function f defined as f ( x ) =  8 x 2 is
continuous is given by
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
140. f ( x ) = cos ( x ) is a continuous function because
th
(BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
) 17
(a) composition of continuous functions is a continuous function
(b) product of continuous functions is a continuous function
(c) cosine is an even function (d) sum of continuous functions is continuous
141. The function f ( x ) = [ x ] , where [ x ] denotes the greatest integer not greater than x, is
(a) continuous for all real values of x (b) continuous only at rational values of x
(c) continuous for all non-integral values of x (d) continuous only at positive integral values of x
 log x
 where x ≠ 1
142. If f ( x ) =  x − 1 is continuous at x = 1, then the value of k is
k where x = 1
(a) e (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) 0
 x2 − ( a + 2) x + a
 where x ≠ 2
143. If f ( x ) =  x−2 is continuous at x = 2, then the value of a is
 2 where x = 2

(a) −1 (b) −6 (c) 0 (d) 1
 π
−2sin x where x ≤ − 2

 π π
144. Let f ( x ) = a sin x + b where − < x < then the values of a and b so that f ( x ) is continuous are
 2 2
 π
 cos x where x ≥
2

(a) a = 1, b = 1 (b) a = 1, b = −1 (c) a = −1, b = 1 (d) a = −1, b = −1
log (1 + ex ) − log (1 − x )
145. Let f ( x ) = , x ≠ 0. then f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 if f ( 0 ) =
x
(a) e − 1 (b) log ( e + 1) (c) log ( e − 1) (d) e + 1
 e3 x − 1
 for x ≠ 0
146. If f ( x ) =  4 x is continuous at x = 0, then k =
 k + x
for x = 0
 4
(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 0
147. If f ( x ) = x − 2 , then
(a) lim+ f ( x ) ≠ 0 (b) lim− f ( x ) ≠ 0 (c) lim+ f ( x ) ≠ lim− f ( x ) (d) f ( x ) is continuous at
x→2 x→2 x→2 x→2
x=2
2− x+4
148. If f ( x ) = , ( x ≠ 0 ) , is continuous function at x = 0, then f ( 0 ) is equal to
sin 2 x
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) − (c) (d) −
4 4 8 8
 sin π x
 where x ≠ 0
149. Let f ( x ) =  5 x . If f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, then k is equal to
π 5
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
5 π
th
( )
3 x − 4 where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
150. If f ( x ) =  is continuous at x = 2, then what is the value of λ ?
2 x + λ where 2 < x ≤ 3
(a) 1 (b) −1 (c) 2 (d) −2
1
2 x − sin x
151. If the function f ( x ) = , ( x ≠ 0 ) is continuous at each point of its domain, then the value of
2 x + tan −1
f ( 0 ) is
(a) 2 (b) 1/ 3 (c) 2 / 3 (d) −1/ 3
5 x − 4 where 0 < x ≤ 1
152. If the function f ( x ) =  2 is continuous at every point of its domain, then the
4 x + 3bx where 1 < x < 2
value of b is
(a) −1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) None of these
2 x + 1 where x > 1

153. If f ( x ) =  k where x = 1 , is continuous at x = 1, then the value of k is
5 x − 2 where x < 1

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
 2 −1 x
 where − 1 ≤ x < ∞ but x ≠ 0

154. If f ( x ) =  1 + x − 1 is continuous everywhere, then k is equal to
 k where x = 0

1
(a) log 2 (b) log 4 (c) log8 (d) log 2
2
4 × 5x where x < 0
155. If the function f ( x ) =  is continuous, then the value of a is
8a + x where ≥ 0
(a) 1/ 2 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
mx + 1 where x ≤ π / 2
156. If f ( x ) =  is continuous at x = π / 2, then which one of the following is
sin x + n where x > π / 2
correct?
nπ
(a) m = 1, n = 0 (b) m = +1 (c) n = m ( π / 2 ) (d) m = n = π / 2
2
157. f ( x ) = [sin x ] , where [⋅] denotes the greatest integer function, is continuous at :
π 3π
(a) x = (b) x = π (c) x = (d) x = 2π
2 2
 3 x + 4 tan x
 where x ≠ 0
158. If f ( x ) =  x is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is
(a) 7 (b) 6 (c) −5 (d) −1
159. tan x is discontinuous at x =
π
(a) π (b) 0 (c) (d) −π
2
2+ x − 2
160. Value of f ( 0 ) so that f ( x ) = is continuous at x = 0 is
x
1
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0
2 2
th
x3 + 8
161. Value of f ( −2 ) , if f ( x ) = is continuous at x = −2 , is
x 5 + 32
3 3 20 20
(a) − (b) (c) (d) −
20 20 3 3
162. Function f ( x ) = 9 − x 2 is continuous in
(a) [ −3, 0] (b) [ 0,3] (c) [3, ∞ ) (d) [ −3,3]
x−2
163. Function f ( x ) = 2
is discontinuous at x =
x − 5x + 6
(a) −2, −3 (b) 2, 3 (c) −2, 3 (d) 2, −3
sin ( 2k − 3) x 
164. Given f ( x ) = , if x < 0
4x
= k + 2, if x = 0
tan ( 3k − 4 ) x 
= , if x > 0
2x
If f ( x ) can be continuous function if k = ...
5 −5 4
(a) (b) (c) (d) none of these
4 4 5
165. Examine the continuity of the given functions at the indicated points in column I and accordingly
match with the options in Column II . choose the correct code from the options given below .
Column 1 Column II
A. f ( x ) = 2 x − 1 at x = 3
2 1. Continuous
2. Discontinuous
B. f ( x ) = x − 5, x ∈ R
1
C. f ( x ) = ,x ≠ 5
x−5
x 2 − 25
D . f ( x) = , x ≠ −5
x+5
E . f ( x) = x − 5
Codes
A B C D E A B C D E
(a) 1 1 1 2 2 (b) 1 2 1 2 1
(C) 1 1 1 1 1 (d) 1 2 2 1 1
 x, if x ≤ 1
166. The function f defined by f ( x ) =  is
5, if x > 1
(i) continuous at x = 0. (ii) discontinuous at x = 1. (iii) continuous at x = 2.
Then , which of the following is/are true ?
(a) Only 1 is true (b) only II is true (c) I and II are true (d) All are true
167. All the points discontinuity of the function f defined by
 3, if 0 ≤ x ≤1

f ( x ) =  4, if 1 < x < 3 are
5, if 3 ≤ x ≤ 10

(a) 1,3 (b) 3,10 (c) 1,3,10 (d) 0,1,3
th
20 ( BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
)
168. If f ( x ) = x − sin x + 5, then
2
(a) f ( x ) is continuous at all points (b) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = π .

π
(c) It is discontinuous at x = (d) None of the above
2
1
169. The number of points at which the function f ( x ) = , [.] denotes the greatest integer function is
x − [ x]
not continuous is
2
x
170. If f ( x ) = 2 x and g ( x ) = + 1, then which of the following can be a discontinuous function ?
2
g ( x)
(a) f ( x ) + g ( x ) (b) f ( x ) .g ( x ) (c) f ( x ) .g ( x ) (d)
f ( x)
171. Consider the following statements :
(1) The function f ( x ) = greatest integer ≤ x, x ∈ R is a continuous function
(II) All trigonometric functions are continuous on R which of the sttements given above is /are correct
?
(A) Only 1 (B)Only II (C) Both I and II (D) Neither I nor II
172. Suppose f and g be two real functions continuous at a real number c then which of the following
statements is / are true ?
(I) f + g is continuous at x = c. (II) f − g is continuous at x = c. (III) f .g is
 f 
discontinuous at x = c. (iv)   is discontinuous at x = c (provided g (c) = 0 )
g
(a) II and III are true (b) III and IV are true (c) I and II are true (d) All are true
 x, if x ≤ 1
173. The function f defined by f ( x ) =  is
5, if x > 1
(I) Continuous at x = 0. (II) discontinuous at x = 1. (III) continuous at x = 2.
Then , which of the following is/ are true ?
(a) Only I is true (b) Only II is true (c) I and II are true (d) All are true
174. Which of the following functions is / are continuous ?
(I) Every rational function in its domain . (II) Sine function .
(III) Cosine function (iv) Tangent function in their domain.
(a) Only I is continuous (b) Only II is continuous
(c) I and II are continuous (d) All are continuous
175.
Column –I Column –II
A f ( x ) = cos x 1. f ( x ) is continuous of all points except x = nπ , n ∈ Z .
B f ( x ) = cos ecx π
2. f ( x ) is continuous at all points except x = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ Z.
2
C . f ( x ) = s ec x
3. f ( x ) is continuous at all points .
(d) f ( x ) = cot x
th
Codes
A B C D
(a) 2 3 1 1
(b) 1 2 3 1
(c) 3 1 2 1
(d) 1 3 1 2
176. The no of points of discontinuity of the function f ( x ) = x − [ x ] in the interval ( 0, 7 ) are
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
1
177. The number of points at which the function f ( x ) = is discontinuous is
log x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d)4
 πx 
178. The point of discontinuity of f ( x ) = tan   other than x = −1 are :
 x +1 
2m + 1 2m − 1
(a) x = 0 (b) x = π (c) x = (d) x =
1 − 2m 2m + 1
th
JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX
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SOLUTION OF CONTINUITY ( )
Only one option is correct.
1. Ans. (b), Every polynomial function is continuous every where.
∴ f ( x ) is continuous in ] − 3, − 2[ , f ( x ) is continuous in ] − 2, 0[
f ( x ) is continuous in ]0, 1[ , ∴ The doubtful points are −2 and 0.
f ( −2 ) = ( −2+ ) = −1 , f ( −2+ ) = lim+ f ( −2 + h ) = lim+ ( −2 + h + 1) = −1
h →0 h→0
f ( −2 ) = lim f ( −2 − h ) = lim {2 ( −2 − h ) + 3} = −1 , ∴ f ( −2 ) = f ( −2 ) = f ( −2 )
− + −
h → 0+ h → 0+
So, f ( x ) is continuous at x = −2 , f ( 0 ) = ( 0 + 2 ) = 2 , f ( 0 ) = lim f ( 0 + h ) = lim ( h + 2 ) = 2

+
h → 0+ h → 0+
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( 0 − h ) = lim ( −h + 1) = 1 , ∴ f ( 0 ) ≠ f ( 0 )
−
+ +
+ −
h →0 h →0
So, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 , Hence, the correct answer is (b).

1 − cos x 0 
2. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  0 form 
x →0 x →0 x
sin x
= lim = sin 0 = 0 ⇒ k = 0.
x →0 1
 sin 3 x
 , when x ≠ 0
3. Ans. (d), We have, f ( x ) =  sin x
k , when x = 0
To be continuous everywhere f ( x ) must be continuous at x = 0 also.

sin 3 x sin 3 x x  sin 3 x  1 1
∴ f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim = lim . .3 = 3  lim . = 3. = 3.
x →0 x →0 sin x x → 0 3 x sin x  x → 0 3x   sin x  1
 lim 
 x →0 x 
Thus, f ( 0 ) = 3 i.e., k = 3.
4. Ans. (c), For continuity at x = 0, we must have lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) = k .
x →0
3 x + 4 tan x  0
lim f ( x ) = lim  Form 0 
x →0 x →0 x
 3 + 4sec2 x 
= lim  =7 [Using L-Hopital’s Rule] ∴ k = 7.
x →0
 1 
5. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have,
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim
( −e x
+ 2x ) 0 
x →0 x →0 x  0 Form 
−e x + 2 x log 2
= lim = −e0 + 20 log 2 = −1 + log 2.
x →0 1
th
( )
6.
π 
Ans. (c), We must have, lim f ( x ) = f   = λ , lim f ( x ) = lim
(1 − sin x ) 
Form
0
x→
π
2 x→
π
x → (π − 2 x )
π 2 
 0 
2 2 2
− cos x
= lim [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x→
π −4 ( π − 2 x )
2
1 cos x  0
= .lim  Form
4 x → π (π − 2 x ) 0 
2
1 − sin x 1
= ⋅ lim =
4 x → π −2 8
2
7. Ans. (a), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = π , we must have

1 − sin x + cos x 0 
f (π ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  0 form 
x →π x →π 1 + sin x + cos x
− cos x − sin x − cos π − sin π 1− 0

= lim = = = −1.
x →π cos x − sin x cos π − sin π −1 − 0
π π 
8. Ans. (b), To be continuous everywhere f ( x ) must be continuous at x = also, ∴ f   = lim f ( x ) .
4  4  x → π4
π 
tan  − x 
4   0
lim f ( x ) = lim  Form 0 
x→
π
x→
π cot 2 x
4 4
π 
− sec 2  − x 
 4 =1 π  1
= lim 2
[Using L-Hopital’s Rule] ∴ f  = .
π −2 cos ec 2 x 2
x→
4
4 2
sin 5 x 0 
9. Ans. (d), For continuity at x = 0, we must have f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  0 form 
x →0 x →0 x2 + 2x
5 cos 5 x 5 1 5
= lim = ., ∴k + = ⇒ k = 2.
x →0 2 x + 2 2 2 2
10. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have,
2 x − 3sin x 0 
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  0 form 
x →0 x →0 3 x + 4 tan x
2 − 3cos x 2 − 3 −1
= lim = =
x →0 3 + 4sec 2 x 3 + 4 7
11. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have,
 x x2
( 4 − 1) ( 4 − 1) ⋅  a  ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3a
x 3 x 3
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim = lim

x →0 x →0
 x  x 2  x →0 x3 x  2

sin   log 1 +  sin   log 1 + x 
a  3  a  3 
  
3    
 4 x − 1  1  1  3 1 1 3
= 3a. lim  .  .  = 3a. ( log 4 ) . . = 3a ( log 4 )
 x →0 x   lim sin ( x / a )   log (1 + x /3) 
2
1 1
lim
 x →0 ( x / a )   x →0
 ( x2 /3) 
th
3 3
⇒ 9 ( log 4 ) = 3a ( log 4 ) ⇒ a = 3.
log (1 + 3 x ) − log (1 − 2 x )  0
12. Ans. (a), We must have, a = f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = lim  Form 0 
x →0 x →0 x →0 x
 3 2 
= lim 
x → 0 (1 + 3 x )
+  = ( 3 + 2 ) = 5. [Using L-Hopital’s Rule] ∴ a = 5.
 (1 − 2 x ) 
13. Ans. (a), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have,
1/ 2 1/ 3
 1+ x − 3 1+ x 
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  = lim
(1 + x ) − (1 + x ) 0 
x →0 x →0 x

 x →0 x  0 form 
 
 1 1  1 1 1
= lim  1/ 2
− 2/3 
= − = .
 2 (1 + x ) 3 (1 + x )  2 3 6
x →0
π
14. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = , we must have,
2
π  1 − sin x 0 
f   = limπ f ( x ) ⇒ λ = lim  0 form 
 2  x→ 2 x→
π π − 2x
2
− cos x 1
= lim = lim cos x = 0 , ∴ λ = 0.
x→
π −2 2 x→π
2 2
π π 
15. Ans. (a), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = , we must have f   = lim f ( x )
4  4  x→ π4
π
cos
1 − 2 sin x 0  − 2 cos x cos x 4 = 1.
⇒ a = lim  0 form  = lim = lim =
x→
π π − 4x x→
π −4 x→ 2 2
π
2 2 4
4 4 4
16. Ans. (a), For f ( x ) to be continuous at each point of its domain, it must be continuous at x = 0 also.
2 x − sin −1 x  0
∴ We must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = lim  Form 0 
x →0 x →0 x → 0 2 x + tan −1 x
 1 
2− 
= lim 
 1 − x2  = 1 . [Using L’ Hopital’s Rule]
1
∴ f ( 0) = .

2 + 1 2  3 3
x →0
 (1 + x ) 
17. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have:
1/ 3
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim
( 27 − 2 x ) − 3 0 
1/ 5  0 form 
x →0 x →0
9 − 3 ( 243 + 5 x )
1 −2 / 3
( 27 − 2 x ) ⋅ ( −2 ) 2 ( 243 + 5 x )4 / 5 2 ( 243)4 / 5 2 81
= lim 2 = lim = ⋅ = ⋅ =2
x →0 3 −4 / 5 9 x →0 ( 27 − 2 x )2 / 3 9 ( 27 ) 2 / 3 9 9
− ( 243 + 5 x ) ⋅ 5
5
π π  1 − sin x 0 
18. Ans. (a), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = , we must have f   = lim  0 form 
2  2  x→ π2 sin 2 x
th
π
− cos
− cos x 2 =0
= lim = [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x→
π 2 cos 2 x 2 cos π
2
log e (1 + x 2 tan x )
19. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0 , we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim
x →0 x →0 sin x3
log (1 + x 2 tan x ) x 2 tan x x3  log (1 + x 2 tan x )   tan x  1 1
= lim 2
⋅ 3
⋅ 3
= lim  2  ⋅ lim   ⋅ = 1 × 1 × =1
x →0 x tan x x sin x x →0 x tan x x →0
 x   sin x 3
 1
  lim  3 
x →0
 x 
20. Ans. (d), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 3 , so we have f ( 3) = lim f ( x )
x →3
⇒ p = lim
x3 − 2 x 2 − 15 x + 36
= lim
( x − 3) ( x + 4 ) = lim ( x + 4 ) = 3 + 4 = 7
2 2
x →3
( x − 3) x →3
( x − 3) x →3
1
21. Ans. (c), We must have, = φ ( 0 ) = lim φ ( x )
2 x →0
1 − cos λ x  0
lim φ ( x ) = lim  Form [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 x →0 x sin x 0 
λ sin λ x  0
= lim  Form 0  [Again using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 x cos x + sin x
 λ 2 cos λ x  λ2 λ2 1
= lim   = , ∴ = ⇒ λ 2 = 1 ⇔ λ = ±1 .
x → 0 − x sin x + 2 cos x
  2 2 2
2 x − 2− x  0 
22. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0 we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  form 
x →0 x →0 x 0 
2 x log 2 + 2 − x log 2
= lim = 20 log 2 + 20 log 2 = log 2 + log 2 = 2 log 2 = log 4 .
x →0 1
π
23. Ans. (b), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = we must have,
4
π  1 − tan x 0 
f   = limπ f ( x ) = limπ  0 form 
 4  x→ 4 x→ 4x − π
4
( )
2
− sec 2 x − 2 −2 −1
= limπ = = =
x→ 4 4 4 2
4
24. Ans. (c), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0 , we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

x →0
2
x  x
2sin 2
 sin 
1 − cos x 2 = 1 lim 2 = 1 × 12 1
⇒ k = lim 2
= lim 2   ⇒k=
x →0 x x →0
 x 2  x →0 x  2 2
4⋅   2 
2
25. Ans. (b), For f to be continuous at x = 2 , we must have, f ( 2 ) = lim f ( x )
x →2
3 
⇒ 1 = lim  ax − ( a + 1)  = {3a − ( a + 1)} ⇒ 1 = ( 2a − 1) ⇒ 2a = 2 ⇒ a =1
x →2 2
 
1
26. Ans. (c), f ( x ) will be continuous at x = 2 , if f ( 2 ) = lim f ( x ) i.e., if k = lim ( x − 1) 2− x …(i)
x →2 x→2
th
BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON
( ) CLASSES 5
1 log ( x − 1) 0 
Let L = lim ( x − 1) 2 − x , Then, log L = lim  0 form 
x→2 x →2 2− x
 1 
  −1 −1 1 1
= lim  x − 1  = lim = = −1 ⇒ L = e − 1 = , ∴ k = [Using (i)]
x → 2 ( −1) x→2 x − 1 2 −1 e e
 
 
27. Ans. (c), We must have, 2 = f ( 2 ) = lim f ( x )
x →2
x − ( a + 2) x + a
2
 0 
lim f ( x ) = lim This must bein the form 0 , as value of limit is 2 
x→2 x→2 x−2
2x − ( a + 2)
= lim = (2 − a) [Using L’Hopital’s Rule]
1
x→2
∴ 2−a = 2 ⇒ a = 0
4 + x − 2 0 
28. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0 , we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  form 
x →0 x →0 x 0 
1 1 1
= lim = = .
x →0 2 4 + x 2⋅ 4 + 0 4
sin 2 ax
29. Ans. (b), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0 we must have f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) ⇒ 1 = lim
x →0 x →0 x2
2
sin 2 ax 2  2 sin ax 
⇒ 1 = lim 2
⋅a ⇒ 1 = a  lim  ⇒ 1 = a 2 ⋅12 ⇒ 1 = a2 ⇒ a = ±1
x →0
( ax )  x→0 ax 
30. Ans. (a), We must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) .

x →0
1/ x log cos x  0
Let y = lim f ( x ) = lim ( cos x ) ⇒ log y = lim  Form
x →0 x →0 x →0 x 0 
− tan x
= lim =0 [L ‘Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 1
⇒ y = e0 = 1 , ∴ f ( 0) = 1
31. Ans. (b), At x = 2 , we have f ( 2 ) = k ⋅ 22 = 4k
f ( 2− ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ k ( 2 − h ) = 4k and f ( 2 + ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ 3 = 3

2
h →0 h →0 h→0 h →0
3
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 , ∴ f ( 2− ) = f ( 2 + ) ⇒ 4k = 3 ⇒k=
4
32. Ans. (a), We must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
1
lim f ( x ) = lim x sin = 0 × ( a finite quantity ) = 0 , ∴ f ( 0 ) = 0 .
x →0 x →0 x
33. Ans. (b), f ( x ) is continuous ⇒ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 ⇒ f (1) = lim f ( x )
x →1
2
ax 2 + bx + c a ( y + 1) + b ( y + 1) + c
⇒ 0 = lim , Put x − 1 = y so that x → 1 ⇒ y → 0 , ∴ 0 = lim
x →1 x −1 y →0 y
ay 2 + ( 2a + b ) y + ( a + b + c ) −b
⇒ 0 = lim ⇒ 2a + b = 0, a + b + c = 0 ⇒ a=c= .
y →0 y 2
th
( )
34. Ans. (a), At x = 2 we have, f ( 2− ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ 3 ( 2 − h ) − 4 = lim+ ( 2 − 3h ) = 2
h →0 h →0 h →0
and f ( 2+ ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ 2 ( 2 + h ) + λ = lim+ ( 4 + 2h + λ ) = 4 + λ .

h→0 h→0 h →0
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, so we have, f ( 2− ) = f ( 2 + ) ⇒ 2 = 4+λ ⇒ λ = −2.
 sin h 
35. Ans. (c), At x = 0, we have, f ( 0 ) = 2, lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+  + cos h 
x →0 h →0 h→0 h→0  h 
sin h
= lim+ + lim+ cos h = 1 + 1 = 2 and lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h )
h →0 h h →0 x →0 h→0 h →0
 sin ( −h )   − sin h  sin h

= lim+  + cos ( − h )  = lim+  + cos h  = lim+ + lim+ cos h = 1 + 1 = 2.
h →0
 − ( h )  h →0  − h  h →0 h h →0
∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0.

x →0 x →0
1
36. Ans. (b) , For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 1, we must have, f (1) = lim f ( x ) = lim x x −1
x →1 x →1
1
1 log x  0 
Now, let y = lim x x −1 , Then, log y = lim log x = lim  form  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →1 x →1 x −1 x →1 x − 1
0 
1
1 1
= lim x = lim = = 1 ⇒ y = e1 = e ∴ f (1) = e.
x →1 1 x →1 x 1
sin π h
37. Ans. (c), At x = 0, we have, f ( 0 ) = k , f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+
h →0 h →0 h →0 5h
sin π h π π sin π h π π sin ( −π h )
= lim+ ⋅ = lim+ = × 1 = , f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h ) = lim+
h →0 πh 5 5 h →0 π h 5 5 h →0 h →0 h →0 − 5h
− sin π h sin π h sin π h π π sin π h π π
= lim+ = lim+ = lim+ ⋅ = lim+ = ×1 = .
h →0 −5h h →0 5h h →0 π h 5 5 h →0 π h 5 5
π
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, we have, f ( 0 + ) = f ( 0− ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒k= .
5
π π  π π +  π   π  
38. Ans. (c), At x = , we have, f   = m + 1 , f   = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ sin  + h  + n 
2 2 2  2  h →0  2  h →0   2  
π −  π   π  
= lim+ cos h + n = cos 0 + n = 1 + n and f   = lim+ f  − h  = lim+ m  − h  + 1
h →0
2  h → 0 2  h → 0
 2  
 π  mπ π
= lim+  m − mh + 1 = + 1 , Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x =
h →0  2  2 2
π +  π −  π  mπ π
⇒ f  = f  = f   ⇒ 1+ n = +1 ⇒ n = m .
2  2  2 2 2
1/ 8
2 − ( 256 − 7 x )  0
39. Ans. (c), We must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = lim  Form
x →0 x →0 x →0
( 5 x + 32 )
1/ 5
−2 0 
1 7
( ) 8 . ( −7 )
−
− 256 − 7 x
= lim 8 [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 1 −
4
( 5 x + 32 ) 5 .5
5
th
4/5 4/5
7
= lim
( 5 x + 32 ) = 7 . ( 32 ) =
 7 24  7
× 7 =
7
, ∴ f (0) = .
7 / 8 7 / 8 
8 x →0 ( 256 − 7 x ) 8 ( 256 )  8 2  64 64
π π 
40. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = , so we have, f   = lim f ( x )
4  4  x→ π4
2 cos x − 1 0 
⇒ m = lim  0 form 
x→
π cot x − 1
4
3
− 2 sin x  1  1
= lim = 2 lim sin 3 x = 2.   = 2.
π − cosec 2 x
x→
4
x→
π
4
 2 
41. Ans. (b), We have, f ( 3) = ( 2 × 3 + k ) = 6 + k
For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 3, we must have, f ( 3) = lim f ( x )
x →3
 x −9 2
( x − 3)( x + 3) = lim x + 3 = 6
⇒ 6 + k = lim   = lim ( ) ⇒ 6+k = 6 ⇒ k = 0.
x →3
 x − 3  x →3 ( x − 3) x →3
42. Ans. (c), At x = 0, we have: f ( 0 ) = 2.02 + 3.0 − 2 = −2

f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ ( 2h 2 + 3h − 2 ) = 0 + 0 − 2 = −2
h →0 h→0 h→0
1 − kh − 1 + kh
and f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h ) = lim+
h →0 h →0 h →0 −h
 1 + kh − 1 − kh 1 + kh + 1 − kh 
= lim+  . = lim+
(1 + kh ) − (1 − kh ) . 1

h →0
 h 1 + kh + 1 − kh  h →0 h 1 + kh + 1 − kh
2kh 2k 2k
lim+ = = = k.
h →0
(
h. 1 + kh + 1 − kh )
1+ 0 + 1− 0 2
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 ⇒ f ( 0+ ) = f ( 0− ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ k = −2.

1 − cos 4h
43. Ans. (c), At x = 0, we have, f ( 0 ) = k , f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+
h →0 h →0 h →0 8h 2
2
2sin 2 2h sin 2 2h  sin 2h 
= lim+ = lim+ 2
=  lim+  = 12 = 1 and f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h )
( 2h )
2
h→ 0 8h h→ 0  h→ 0 2h  h →0 h →0
1 − cos 4 ( − h )
2
1 − cos 4h 2sin 2 2h sin 2 2h  sin 2h  2
= lim+ 2
= lim+ = lim+ = lim+ 2
=  lim+  =1 =1
8 ( −h ) ( 2h ) 
2 2
h →0 h →0 8h h → 0 8h h → 0 h → 0 2h 
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 , ∴ f ( 0 + ) = f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ k = 1.
π 
44. Ans. (a), We must have k = f   = lim f ( x ) .
 2  x →π2
π π π
We put − x = h. Then, x → ⇒ −x→0 ⇒ h→0
2 2 2
 π  π 
sin cos  − h   − cos  − h 
∴ lim f ( x ) = lim  2  2 
π 2
x→ h →0
 π 
2
π − 2  − h  
 2 
th
)
sin ( sin h ) − sin h  0
= lim 2  Form  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
h →0 4h  0
( cos h ) {cos ( sin h ) − 1}  0
lim  Form 0 
h →0 8h
( cos h ) {− sin ( sin h ) .cos h} − {cos ( sin h ) − 1} ( − sin h )
= lim [Again using L-Hopital’s Rule]
h →0 8
0
= = 0 , ∴ k = 0.
8
45. Ans. (a), We must have k = f (π ) = lim f ( x )
x →π
We put π − x = h , Then, x → π ⇒ π −x→0 ⇒ h→0

1 + cos (π − h ) sin 2 (π − h )  (1 − cos h ) . sin 2 h
lim f ( x ) = lim  .  = lim
{π − (π − h )} log (1 + h )  log (1 + h 2 )
2
x →π h→0 2 h→0 h2
2
1  sin ( h / 2 ) 
2
h2  sin h  1  1 1
= lim .   . .  =  × 12 × 1 × 12  = . ∴k = .
 ( h / 2 )  log (1 + h )  h 
h→0 2 2
2  2
2
46. Ans. (c), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

x →0
2 2 2
3 1 sin mx sin mx sin mx
⇒ + = lim 2
= lim m 2
= m lim = m ×1 = m
4 4m x → 0 x x → 0 mx x → 0 mx 2
3m + 1
⇒ = m ⇒ 4m 2 − 3m − 1 = 0 ⇒ 4m 2 − 4m + m − 1 = 0 ⇒ 4m ( m − 1) + 1( m − 1) = 0
4m
−1
⇒ ( m − 1)( 4m + 1) = 0 ⇒ m = 1or m = .
4
47. Ans. (a), At x = 3, we have, f ( 3) = k , f ( 3+ ) = lim+ f ( 3 + h ) = lim+
h →0
{( 3 + h) + ( − ( 3 + h ))}
h →0
= lim+ {( 3 + h ) + ( −3 − h )} = lim+ {3 + ( −4 )} = −1 and f ( 3 ) = lim f ( 3 − h ) = lim {( 3 − h ) + ( − ( 3 − h ) )}

−
h →0 h →0 h → 0+ h → 0+
= lim+ {( 3 − h ) + ( −3 + h )} = lim+ {2 + ( −3)} = −1

h →0 h →0
For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 3, we must have, f ( 3) = f ( 3+ ) = f ( 3− ) ⇒ k = −1.

48. Ans. (c), Since the function is continuous at x = 0, so we have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
1/ sin x 1/ sin x
⇒ k = lim ( cos x ) , Now, let L = lim ( cos x ) …(i)
x →0 x →0
log ( cos x ) 0 
Then, log L = lim  0 form 
x →0 sin x
 ( − sin x / cos x )  sin x 0
= lim   = − lim 2
=− 2 =0 [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0
 cos x  x → 0 cos x 1
∴ L = e0 = 1 [Using (i)] Hence, k = 1.
1 2 
49. Ans. (b), We must have k = f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) ⇒ k = lim f ( x ) = lim  − 2 x 
x →0 x →0

x →0 x e − 1
e2 x − 1 − 2 x  0
= lim  Form
(
x →0 x e 2 x − 1
) 0 
th
2e 2 x − 2
= lim [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
(
x → 0 2 xe 2 x + e 2 x − 1
)
2 ( e 2 x − 1)  0
= lim  Form 0 
x →0 ( 2 x + 1) e 2x
−1
4e 2 x
= lim = 1. [Again using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x → 0 2 ( 2 x + 1) e 2 x + 2e 2 x
∴ k = 1.
50. Ans. (d), We must have, k = f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
{sin ( 2 x )}
2
+ x 2e− x  0
⇒ k = lim f ( x ) = lim 2  Form 0  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 x →0 x
2 sin 4 x − x 2 e− x + 2 xe− x  0
= lim  Form 0  [Again using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 2x
8cos 4 x + ( x 2 − 4 x + 2 ) e − x
= lim = 5, ∴ k = 5
x →0 2
51. Ans. (b), At x = 0 we have, f ( 0 ) = 0
1
1/ h 1−
e −1 e = 1− 0 = 1 1/ h
f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ 1/ h = lim+
h →0 h →0 h →0 e + 1 h →0 1 + 1 1+ 0
1/ h
e
 1 
1/ ( − h )  
 1/ h 
−1 − 1 eh − 1 0 − 1
and f ( 0− ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h ) = lim+
e e
= lim = h = = −1
h →0 h →0 h →0 e1/( − h ) + 1 h →0+  1/1h  e +1 0 +1
e +1
∴ f ( 0 + ) ≠ f ( 0− ) and so lim f ( x ) does not exist, Hence, f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0.
x →0
 sin x 
52. Ans. (b), Since f ( x ) is continuous at ∴ x = 0, lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim  + cos x  = f ( 0 )
x →0 x →0
 x 
sin x
⇒ lim + lim cos x = k ⇒ 1 + 1 = k , ∴ k = 2
x →0 x x →0
53. Ans. (b), We must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = lim

( a 2 − ax + x 2 − a 2 + ax + x 2 )
x →0 x →0 x →0 a+x − a−x
= lim
( a 2 − ax + x 2 − a 2 + ax + x 2 )( a 2 − ax + x 2 + a 2 + ax + x 2 )( a+x + a−x )
x →0
( a+x − a−x )( a+x + a−x )( a 2 − ax + x 2 + a 2 + ax + x 2 )
( −2ax ) ( a+ x + a−x ) ( −a ) ( a+x + a−x )
= lim = lim = − a.
x →0
2x ( 2 2
a − ax + x + a + ax + x 2 2
) x →0
( 2 2
a − ax + x + a + ax + x 2 2
)
54. Ans. (c), We must have, k = f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) ⇒ k = lim f ( x ) = lim
(9 x
− 1)( 4 x − 1)
x →0 x →0 x →0 2 − 2 cos ( x / 2 )
th
= lim
(9 x
− 1)( 4 − 1)
x
= lim 
 9 x − 1  4 x − 1 
.
x2
 
x →0 2 {1 − cos ( x / 2 )} x →0
 x  x  2 2 sin ( x / 4 )
2
1  9 x − 1  4 x − 1   x / 4 2   16 
= .lim    .  × 16  =  × ( log 9 )( log 4 ) × 1
2 2 x → 0
 x  x   sin ( x / 4 )   2 2 
 
( )
= 16 2 ( log 3)( log 2 ) , ∴ k = 16 2 ( log 3)( log 2 ) ( )
1
55. Ans. (d), Since lim sin does not exist, so f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0 , For any value of k .
x →0 x
56. Ans. (d), At x = 1 we have f (1) = 0 .
f (1+ ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+

(1 + h ) − 1 = lim h
= lim+
he −1/ h
=0
1 1
h →0 h →0
(1+ h ) −1
h → 0+ h →0 e −1/ h + 1
1+ e 1+ e h
and f (1− ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+

(1 − h ) − 1 = lim+
−h
=
0
=0
1 1
h →0 h →0
(1− h ) −1
h →0 −  1+ 0
1+ e 1+ e h
∴ f (1 ) = f (1 ) = f (1) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1.

+ −
57. Ans. (b), At x = 0 we have, f ( 0 ) = e0 sin 0 + (π × 0 ) + k log 4 = k log 4.

8h − 4h − 2h + 1h
f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+
h →0 h →0 h2
4h ( 2h − 1) − 1( 2h − 1) (4 h
− 1)( 2h − 1) (4 h
− 1) (2 h
− 1)
= lim+ = lim = lim . lim = log 4.log 2
h →0 h2 h → 0+ h2 h → 0+ h h → 0+ h
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 ⇒ f ( 0 ) = f ( 0+ ) ⇒ k log 4 = log 4.log 2 ⇒ k = log 2.
sin x
58. Ans. (c), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim = 1.
x →0 x →0 x
59. Ans. (a), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
⇒ a = lim
cos 2 x − sin 2 x − 1
= lim
( −2sin x ) ×  2
x2 + 4 + 2 

x →0
x2 + 4 − 2 x →0
x 2 + 4 − 2  x 2 + 4 + 2 
2
= lim
x →0
−2 sin 2 x
x2
× ( 2
)  sin x 
x + 4 + 2 = − 2 lim 
x →0
 x 
 × ( )
x 2 + 4 + 2 = −2 × (1) × 4 = −8
2
60. Ans. (c), Clearly, the function f ( x ) is continuous everywhere the only doubtful point being x = 0.
1 1
At x = 0, we have, f ( 0 ) = 0 , f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ = =∞
h →0 4 − 1 0 h
h →0 h →0
1 1 1 1
and f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( −h ) = lim+ − h = lim+ = = =∞
h →0 4 − 1 h →0 1
−1 1−1 0
h →0 h →0
4 h
∴ f ( 0 ) ≠ f ( 0+ ) and so f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0.

Hence f ( x ) is continuous everywhere expect at x = 0.
 x + 2 when x ≤ 1
61. Ans. (c), We have, f ( x ) = 
4 x − 1 when x > 1
th
BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 11
Clearly, f ( x ) is continuous everywhere, the only doubtful point being x = 1.
At x = 1 we have, f (1) = 1 + 2 = 3, f (1+ ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ 4 (1 + h ) − 1 = lim+ 3 + 4h = 3 + 0 = 3
h →0 h →0 h →0
and f (1 ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ (1 − h ) + 2 = lim+ ( 3 − h ) = 3 − 0 = 3

−
h →0 h →0 h →0
∴ f (1 ) = f (1 ) = f (1) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1

+ −
62. Ans. (b), Since x − 1and 2 x − 3 are both polynomial functions, so they are continuous for all real values
of x.
∴ f ( x ) is continuous for all real values of x, the only doubtful point is x = 2.
At x = 2, we have, f ( 2 ) = ( 2 × 2 − 3) = 1
f ( 2− ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ {( 2 − h ) − 1} = lim+ (1 − h ) = 1 − 0 = 1
h →0 h →0 h →0
and f ( 2+ ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+  2 ( 2 + h ) − 3 = lim+ (1 + 2h ) = 1 + 0 = 1

h→0 h→0 h →0
∴ f ( 2− ) = f ( 2 + ) = f ( 2 ) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2
Hence, f ( x ) is continuous for all real values of x.
1
63. Ans. (b), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = , we must have,
2
1 cos 2 π x 0 
f   = lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x  0 form  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
 2  x → 12 1
x→ e
2
− 2ex
−2π cos π x sin π x 0 
= lim  0 form  [Again using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x→
1 2e 2 x − 2e
2
−π sin 2π x 0 
= lim  0 form  [Further using L-Hopital’s Rule]
1 2e 2 x − 2e
x→
2
−2π 2 cos 2π x −2π 2 cos π 2π 2 π 2

= lim = = =
x→
1 4e 2 x 4e 4e 2e
2
64. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

x →0
sin 2 x + A sin x + B cos x

= lim
x →0 x3
3 5
 ( 2x) ( 2x)   x3 x5   x2 x4 
( 2 x ) − + − ....  + A  x − + − .... + B 1 − + − ....
 3 5   3 5   2 4 
= lim  3
x →0 x
 B 2  −8 A  3 B 4  4 4  5 
 ( 2 + A ) x − 2 x +  6 − 6  x + 24 x +  15 + 120  x + .... 
lim     
x →0 3 
 x 
 
−B
For this limit to be finite, we must have, 2 + A = 0 and = 0 , ∴ A = −2, B = 0.
2
 8 2 3 0 4  4 1  5
 − +  x + × x +  −  x + .....
6 6 24  15 60 
∴ When A = −2, B = 0 then f ( 0 ) = lim  3
x →0 x
th
( )
 1 
= lim  −1 + 0 + x + ....  = −1.
x →0
 4 
65. Ans. (c), At x = 0 we have, f ( 0 ) = k
sin [ h ] sin 0 0
f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ = lim+ = =0
h →0 h →0 h →0 [ h] + 1 h →0 0 +1 1
π  π 
cos [ −h ] cos  ( −1) 
and f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h ) = lim+ 2 = lim 2 
h →0 h →0 h →0 [ −h] +
h →0 −1
 π π 
cos  −  cos  
= lim+  2  = lim 2 = 0 =0
h →0 −1 h → 0 +
−1 −1
Since f is continuous at x = 0, we have, f ( 0 + ) = f ( 0− ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ k = 0.
1 1  1 
66. Ans. (d), f ( x ) = = , Now, f   is defined only when x ≠ 1
x + x − 2 ( x + 2 )( x − 1)
2
 x −1 
 1 
Therefore, x = 1 is a point of discontinuity of f  .
 x −1 
2
 1 
Also, f 
1 ( x − 1)
= 1 =
− 1 (
 x −1    1  2 x − 1)( 2 − x )
 + 2 
 x − 1  x − 1 
 1  1
Clearly, f   is not defined when ( 2 x − 1) = 0 or ( 2 − x ) = 0 i.e., when x = or x = 2.
 x −1  2
 1  1
∴ The points of discontinuity of f   are x = , x = 1 and x = 2.
 x −1  2
1
67. Ans. (d), f ( x ) = is not continuous at points where either
x2 − 1
log e 2
x +1
x2 − 1 x2 − 1 x2 − 1 x2 − 1
log e is not defined or log = 0 i.e., where = 0 or =1
x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x2 + 1 x2 + 1
e
 x2 −1 
i.e. where x 2 − 1 = 0 or  2  = ±1
 x +1
x2 − 1  x2 − 1 
i.e., where x = ±1 or
x2 + 1
= −1 ∵ x 2 + 1 ≠ 1for any real value of x
 
i.e., where x = ± 1 or 2 x 2 = 0
i.e., when x = −1, 0 or 1 . Thus, number of points where f ( x ) is not continuous is 3.
68. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, so we have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
 x2   x2 
(e − 1)  2  
x 4 4
 ex −1  a 2
⇒ 8 = lim 2
= lim  4  .  2 .   2 .2a 2
x →0 x   x2  x →0
 x  sin  x  log  1 + x 
sin  2  log 1 +   2  
a   2  a   2
th
  
  
  
  
4   
 e −1  
x
1  1  2 4 1 1 2
= 2a 2  lim .
  .  = 2a .1 . . = 2a
 x →0 x   2
x   x  2
11
sin  2    log 1 +  
  a    lim  2 
 lim 2   2 

x →0  x    x →∞ x  
  2     
a     2
⇒ 2a 2 = 8 ⇒ a2 = 4 ⇒ a±2 .
 πx 
69. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = tan   is discontinuous at points where
 x +1 
 πx   π πx π
tan   = ±∞ = tan ( 2m + 1)  , where m ∈ Z i.e., = ( 2m + 1) , where m ∈ Z
 x +1   2 x +1 2
⇒
x
=
( 2m + 1) , where m ∈ Z ⇒ 2 x = ( 2m + 1) x + ( 2m + 1) , where m ∈ Z
x +1 2
⇒ {2 − ( 2m + 1)} x = ( 2m + 1) , where m ∈ Z ⇒ (1 − 2m ) x = ( 2m + 1) , where m ∈ Z
2m + 1
⇒ x= , where m ∈ Z
1 − 2m
70. Ans. (c), Clearly, f ( x ) is continuous at each point of its domain except at x = 2.
The only doubtful point is x = 2 , Now, f ( 2− ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ ( 2 − h ) + 2 = lim+ ( 4 − h ) = 4
h →0 h →0 h →0
and f ( 2 ) = lim f ( 2 + h ) = lim {3 ( 2 + h ) − 2} = lim ( 4 + 3h ) = 4

+
h → 0+ h → 0+ h → 0+
∴ f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) and so the function is continuous at

− +
x = 2. But option (a) is incorrect
because the function f ( x ) is continuous everywhere in the interval (1, ∞ ) .
Also, option (b) is incorrect since the function f ( x ) is not defined for x < 1.
71. Ans. (a), For continuity, we must have, f ( 3) = f ( 3− ) = f ( 3+ )
Now, f ( 3) = 4 and f ( 3− ) = lim+ f ( 3 − h ) = lim+ ( 3 − h + λ ) = 3 + λ , ∴ 3 + λ = 4 ⇒ λ = 1.

h →0 h →0
−1 + a where x < 4

 ∵ x < 4 ⇒ x − 4 < 0 ⇒ x − 4 = − ( x − 4 ) 
72. Ans. (b), We have, f ( x ) = a + b where x = 4  
1 + b where x > 4 and x > 4 ⇒ x − 4 > 0 ⇒ x − 4 = ( x − 4 ) 

At x = 4, we have: f ( 4 ) = a + b, f ( 4 − ) = lim+ f ( 4 − h ) = lim+ f ( − h ) = lim+ ( −1 + a ) = ( −1 + a )
h →0 h →0 h→0
and f ( 4 ) = lim f ( 4 + h ) = lim (1 + b ) = (1 + b )

+
h → 0+ h → 0+
For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 4, we have, f ( 4 ) = f ( 4 ) = f ( 4 )

− +
Now, f ( 4 ) = f ( 4 ) ⇒ − 1 + a = a + b ⇒ b = −1 , and f ( 4 ) = f ( 4 )
− +
⇒ 1 + b = a + b ⇒ a = 1.
x− x  x
 , when x ≠ 0 1 − , when x ≠ 0 2, when x ≤ 0
73. Ans. (c), We have, f ( x ) =  x = x =
2, when x = 0 2, when x = 0 0, when x > 0
 
th
( )
Clearly, f ( x ) is continuous everywhere, the only doubtful point being x = 0.
At x = 0, we have, f ( 0 ) = 2 , f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ 0 = 0
h →0 h→0 h→0
and f ( 0 ) = lim f ( 0 − h ) = lim f ( −h ) = lim 2 = 2

−
h → 0+ h → 0+ h →0+
∴ f ( 0 ) ≠ f ( 0 ) and so f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 2.
+ −
74. Ans. (b), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, so we have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

x →0
   x2 x4   x3 x5 
 x 1 + a  1 − + − ...   − b  x − + − ... 
x (1 + a cos x ) − b sin x   2 4   3 5 
⇒ 1 = lim 3
= lim   3 
x →0 x x →0 x
 
 
 
  a b 3  a b  5 
 (1 + a − b ) x +  − 2 + 6  x +  24 − 120  x + ..... 
= lim     
x →0 3 
 x 
 
−a b 5 3
For the limit to exit, 1 + a − b = 0 and + = 1 are required ⇒ a = − , b = − .
2 6 2 2
75. Ans. (b), f ( x ) being continuous in [ −1, 1] , it must be continuous at x = 0.
3× 0 + 2 2 1 4 − ah − 4 + ah
Now, f ( 0 ) = = = − , f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0− ) = lim+ f ( − h ) = lim+
0 −8 −8 4 h →0 h →0 h →0 ( −h )
4 + ah − 4 − ah 0 
= lim+  0 form  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
h →0 h
 a   −a  a a a
= lim+  −  = + =
h →0
 2 4 + ah   2 4 − ah   4 4 2
3h + 2 2 1
and f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f ( h ) = lim+ = =−
h →0 h →0 h →0 h − 8 −8 4
1 −1
Now, f ( x ) being continuous at x = 0 we have, f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0+ )
a
⇒ =− ⇒a= .
2 4 2
76. Ans. (c), f ( x ) being continuous in [ −1, 1] , it must be continuous at x = 0.
 2 × 0 + 1  −1 1+ p (0 − h) − 1− p (0 − h)
∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) =   = , f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+
x →0
 0−2  2 h →0 h →0 (0 − h)
= lim+
( 1 − ph − 1 + ph )×( 1 − ph + 1 + ph ) = lim+
(1 − ph ) − (1 + ph )
h →0 ( −h ) ( 1 − ph + 1 + ph ) h →0
( −h ) ( 1 − ph + 1 + ph )
2p 2 (0 + h) +1 2h + 1 1
= lim+ = p , f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ = lim+ =−
h →0
( 1 − ph + 1 + ph ) h →0 h →0 (0 + h) − 2 h →0 h−2 2
1
∴ p=−
2
77. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = ( 5 x − 4 ) being a polynomial, it is continuous for 0 ≤ x < 1
th
) 15
f ( x ) = 4 x + 3bx being a polynomial, it is continuous for 1 < x < 2.
2
For continuity in the whole domain, it must be continuous at x = 1.

∴ f (1) = f (1− ) = f (1+ ) , f (1− ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ {5 (1 − h ) − 4} = lim+ (1 − 5h ) = 1
h →0 h →0 h →0
h→0 h →0
{ 2
}
f (1+ ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ 4 (1 + h ) + 3b (1 + h ) = ( 4 + 3b ) , ∴ 4 + 3b = 1 ⇒ b = −1
78. Ans. (b), We must have, k = f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0+ ) , f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h )

h →0
1 − cos 4 ( 0 − h ) 1 − cos 4h  0
= lim+ 2
= lim+  Form 0  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
h →0
(0 − h) h →0 h2
4sin 4h sin 4h  0
= lim+ = 2 lim+  Form 0  [Again using L-Hopital’s Rule]
h →0 2h h→0 h
= 2 × lim+
4 cos 4h
= ( 2 × 4 ) = 8 , f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+
h ( 16 + h + 4)
h →0 1 h →0 h →0
( 16 + h − 4 )( 16 + h + 4 )
h ( 16 + h +4 ) = lim
= lim+
h →0
(16 + h − 16 ) h → 0+
( 16 + )
h + 4 = ( 4 + 4 ) = 8 , ∴ k = 8.
π π
79. Ans. (d), Since f ( x ) is continuous on R, so it must be continuous at x = − and also at x = .
2 2
π  π  π π
At x = − , f  −  = 2 cos  −  = 2 cos = 2 × 0 = 0
2  2  2 2
 π−  π   π  π 
f  −  = lim+ f  − − h  = lim+ 2 cos  − − h  = lim+ 2 cos  + h 
 2  h →0  2  h →0  2  h →0 2 
 π+  π   π 
= lim+ − 2sin h = −2 × 0 = 0 and f  −  = hlim f  − + h  = lim+ a sin  − + h  + b
 2   2   2 
+
h →0 → 0 h → 0
π 
= lim+ − a sin  − h  + b = lim+ − a cos h + b = − a cos 0 + b = b − a.
h →0 2  h →0
π  π−  π+  π
Now, f ( x ) being continuous at x = − we have, f  −  = f  −  = f − 
2  2   2   2
π π  π 
⇒ 0=b−a ⇒b=a …(i) At x = , f   = 1 + cos 2   = 1 + 0 = 1
2 2 2
π −  π  π 
f   = lim+ f  − h  = lim+ a sin  − h  + b = lim+ a cos h + b = a + b
2  h → 0 2  h → 0 2  h→0
π +  π  π 
and f   = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ 1 + cos 2  + h 
 2  h →0  2  h →0 2 
2
= lim+ 1 + ( − sin h ) = lim+ 1 + sin 2 h = 1 + 0 = 1.
h →0 h→0
π −  π + 
π π 
Now, f ( x ) being continuous at x = we have, f   = f  = f   ⇒ a + b = 1 …(ii)
2 2  2  2
th
( )
1 1 1 1
Solving (i) and (ii) we get, a = , b = , ∴ ( a, b ) =  , 
2 2 2 2
 3 π 
 −
 1 − sin  − h  
π π  π π  2 
80. Ans. (b), At x = , we have, f   = a , f   = lim+ f  − h  = lim+ 
2 2  2  h →0  2  h →0 3cos 2  π − h 
 
2 
1 − cos3 h 0 
= lim+  0 form  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
h →0 3sin 2 h
 π 
+ b 1 − sin  + h  
2
3cos h.sin h cos h 1 π  π   2 
= lim+ = lim+ = and f   = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ 2
h →0 6sin h cos h h →0 2 2  2  h →0  2  h →0  π 
π − 2  + h  
 2 
−2
h  h
2
2sin  sin 
1 − cos h b 2= b 2 b b π
= b lim+ = lim+  lim  = × 12 = , Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = .
h →0 4 h2 4 h → 0  h  2 8  h → 0+ h  8 8 2
4   2 
2
π  π −  π + 1 b 1
∴ f  = f  = f   ⇒a= = ⇒ a = , b = 4.
2 2  2  2 8 2
x
81. Ans. (c), Let f ( x ) = f1 ( x ) + f 2 ( x ) where f1 ( x ) = x and f 2 ( x ) = .
x
For f1 ( x ) we have, f1 ( 0 ) = 0 = 0 , f1 ( 0− ) = lim+ f1 ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f1 ( − h ) = lim+ − h = lim+ h = 0
h →0 h →0 h →0 h →0
and f1 ( 0) = lim f ( 0 + h ) = lim f ( h ) = lim h = lim h = 0

+
1 1
h → 0+ h → 0+ h →0+ h → 0+
∴ f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 ) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0.
1
−
1
+
1 1
−h
For f 2 ( x ) we have, f 2 ( 0− ) = lim+ f 2 ( 0 − h ) = lim+ f 2 ( − h ) = lim+
h
= lim+ = lim ( −1) = −1
h →0 h →0 h →0 ( −h ) h →0 − h h →0+
h
and f 2 ( 0 + ) = lim+ f 2 ( 0 + h ) = lim+ f 2 ( h ) = lim+
h
= lim+ = lim 1 = 1
h →0 h→0 h →0 h h →0 h h → 0+
∴ f 2 ( 0− ) ≠ f 2 ( 0+ ) and so, f 2 ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0.
x
Thus, f ( x ) is discontinuous at origin because is discontinuous there.
x
82. Ans. (c), f ( x ) is not defined for those values of x for which x3 + 3x 2 − x − 3 = 0
⇒ x 2 ( x + 3) − 1( x + 3) = 0 ⇒ ( x 2 − 1) ( x + 3 ) = 0 ⇒ ( x − 1)( x + 1)( x + 3) = 0 ⇒ x = 1, x = −1or x = −3
Since, a function is discontinuous at points where it is not defined, so f ( x ) is discontinuous at
x = 1, x = −1and x = −3 .
For all other values of x, the functions g ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 7 and h ( x ) = x3 + 3 x 2 − x − 3 both being
g ( x)
polynomial functions, are continuous and so f ( x ) = is continuous.
h ( x)
th
BY R. K. MALIK’S NEWTON CLASSES
( ) 17
sin ( a + 1)( − h ) + sin ( −h )
83. Ans. (c), f ( 0 ) = c , f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+
h →0 h →0 ( −h )
sin ( a + 1) h + sin h  0
= lim+  Form 0  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
h →0 h
lim {( a + 1) cos ( a + 1) h + cos h} = ( a + 2 )
h → 0+
f ( 0 ) = lim f ( 0 + h ) = lim
+
( h + bh 2 − h )⋅( h + bh 2 + h ) = lim+
bh 2
h → 0+ h → 0+ bh h ( h + bh 2 + h) h →0
bh h ( h + bh2 + h )
1 1
= lim+ = , which is independent of b. So, b may have any value.
h →0
( 1 + bh + 1 2 )
1 3 1
For continuity, we must have f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0+ ) ⇒ c = a + 2 = ⇒ a = − , b ∈ R, c = .
2 2 2
π π
84. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous in [ 0, π ] , it must be continuous at x = and at x = .
4 2
π   π π  π 
f   =  2. cot + b  =  + b  .
4  4 4  2 
π −  π  π  π  π 
f   = lim+  − h  = lim+  − h  + lim+ a 2 sin  − h  =  + a 
 4  h →0  4  h →0  4  h→0 4  4 
π +  π   π  π   π 
f   = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ 2  + h  cot  + h  + b  =  + b 
 4  h →0  4  h →0   4  4   2 
π  π −  π +  π π π
∴ f  = f  = f   ⇒ +b = +a ⇒ a −b = …(i)
4 4  4  2 4 4
π   π π 
Again, f   =  2. cot + b  = b.
2  2 2 
π −  π   π  π  
f   = lim+ f  − h  = lim+ 2  − h  cot  − h  + b  = lim+ {(π − 2h ) tan h + b} = b
 2  h →0  2  h→0   2  2   h →0
π +  π   π  π 
f   = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ a cos 2  + h  − b sin  + h  
 2  h →0  2  h →0  2  2 
 π 
= lim+ a cos (π + 2h ) − b sin  + h   = lim+ ( − a cos 2h − b cos h ) = − ( a + b )
h →0
 2   h →0
π  π −  π + 
∴ f  = f  = f   ⇒ b = − (a + b) ⇒ a + 2b = 0 …(ii)
2 2
   2 
π −π
On Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = ,b= .
6 12
π π
85. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous in the interval [ 0, π ] , it must be continuous at x = and x = .
4 2
π π  π π π
At x = , we have, f   = cot + b = + b
4 4 4 4 4
th
−
π  π   π  π  π  1 
f   = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  − h  + a 2 2 sin  = lim+  − h  + a 2 . 2. 
 4  h →0  4  h →0  4  4  h →0  4  2
π π π +  π   π  π  
= lim+ − h + a2 = + a 2 and f   = lim+ f  + h  = lim+  + h  cot  + h  + b 
h →0 4 4 4  h → 0 4  h → 0
 4  4  
π  π  π π π π
=  + 0  cot  + 0  + b = cot + b = .1 + b = + b.
4  4  4 4 4 4
π π −  π +  π 
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = , we have, f   = f  = f  
4 4  4  4
π π
⇒ + a2 = +b ⇒ a2 = b …(i)
4 4
π π   π π 
At x = , We have, f   = b sin  2.  − a cos 2   = b sin π − a cos π = a,
2 2  2 2
π −  π  π  π 
f   = lim+ f  − h  = lim+  − h  cot  − h  + b
 2  h →0  2  h →0  2  2 
π  π  π +  π 
= lim+  − h  tan h + b =  − 0  .0 + b = b and f   = lim+ f  + h 
h →0  2 2
  2  h → 0 2 
 π  π 
= lim+ b sin 2  + h  − a cos 2  + h   = lim+ b sin (π + 2h ) − a cos (π + 2h )
h →0
 2  2   h →0
= lim+ ( −b sin 2h + a cos 2h ) = −b.0 + a.1 = a
h →0
π π −  π +  π 
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = , we have, f   = f  = f   ⇒ a=b …(ii)
2 2  2  2
From (i) and (ii) we gat, ( a, b ) = ( 0, 0 ) or ( a, b ) = (1, 1) .
86. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous in the interval ( 0, ∞ ) , it must be continuous at x = 1and x = 2 .
At x = 1, we have: f (1) = p, f (1+ ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ p = p
h →0 h →0
2 2
and f (1− ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+

(1 − h ) =
(1 − 0 ) =
1
h →0 h →0 p p p
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1, we have, f (1+ ) = f (1− ) = f (1)
2
⇒ p=
1
⇒ p2 = 1 ⇒ p = ±1 , At x = 2, we have, f ( 2 ) = 2 q − 4q = q 2
− 2q
( 2)
2
p
and f ( ) = lim f (
2
−
h → 0+
)
2 − h = lim+ p = p
h →0
…(i)
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, so we have, f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) = f ( 2)

+ −
∴ q 2 − 2q = p ⇒ q 2 − 2 q = ±1 [Using (i)]
⇒ q 2 − 2q + 1 = 0 [Neglecting p = 1 since it does not give any real value of q ]
2
⇒ ( q − 1) = 0 ⇒ q = 1 , ∴ The real values of p and q are p = −1, q = 1.
th
87. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, so we have, f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 + ) = f ( 2− )
Now, f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 + ) ⇒ m = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+

( 2 + h ) − [2 + h]
h→0 h→0 (2 + h) − 2
= lim+
( 2 + h ) − 2 = lim h = lim 1 = 1
h →0 h h → 0+ h h → 0+
2
n (2 − h) − (2 − h) − 2
∴ m = 1 and, f ( 2 ) = f ( 2− ) ⇒ m = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ 2
h→0 h →0 2 + ( 2 − h) − ( 2 − h)
n ( 4 + h 2 − 4h − 2 + h − 2 ) n h 2 − 3h n ( 3h − h 2 )
= lim+ = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ n = n
2 + 2 − h − 4 − h 2 + 4h
h →0 h →0 − h 2 + 3h h →0 − h 2 + 3h h →0
⇒ m = n , ∴ m = n = 1.
a a
88. Ans. (b), f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ 1 + sin ( − h )
h →0 h →0
{ } sin ( − h )
h →0
{
= lim+ 1 + ( − sin h ) } −sin h
a a
= lim+ {1 + sin h } sin h = lim+ (1 + y ) y = e a
h →0 y →0
 tan 2h 
tan 2 h tan 2 h
 2h 
tan 2h 2 2
f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ e = lim 2h
lim
2/3 h
=e =e ∵ lim = × lim = 
tan 3 h h→0 tan 3 h
h → 0 tan 3h h → 0 tan 3h
3h 3 h 3
h →0 h →0 h → 0

 3h 
2
∴ f ( 0 ) = f ( 0− ) = f ( 0 + ) ⇒ b = ea = e2 / 3 ⇒ a = and b = e 2 / 3 .
3
π  π  π
89. Ans. (b), At x = − , we have, f  −  = −2sin  −  = ( −2 ) × ( −1) = 2.
2  2  2
 π+  π    π 
f −  = hlim f  − + h  = lim+ a + b sin  − + h  
 2  →0  2  h→0   2 
+
 π 
= lim+ a − b sin  − h   = lim+ {a − b cos h} = a − b
h →0
 2   h →0
 π−  π    π  π 
and f  −  = lim+ f  − − h  = lim+  −2 sin  − − h   = lim+ 2 sin  + h  = lim+ ( 2 cos h ) = 2
 2  h → 0  2  h → 0
  2  h → 0 2  h →0
 π  π+
π  π−
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = − , so we have, f  −  = f  −  = f  −  ⇒ a − b = 2 …(i)
2  2  2   2 
π π  π
At x = , we have, f   = cos = 0,
2 2 2
π +  π  π 
f   = lim+ f  + h  = lim+ cos  + h  = lim+ ( − sin h ) = 0
 2  h →0  2  h →0 2  h →0
π −  π   π 
and f   = lim+ f  − h  = lim+ a + b sin  − h   = lim+ {a + b cos h} = a + b
2  h → 0 2  h → 0
 2   h →0
π π  π +  π − 
Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = , so we have, f   = f   = f   ⇒ a + b = 0 …(ii)
2 2 2  2 
th
)
Solving (i) and (ii) we get, a = 1, b = −1.
90. Ans. (c), ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) > 0 when x > 2 or x < 1 , ( x − 1)( x − 2 ) < 0 when 1 < x < 2
 ( x 2 − 4 )( x 2 − 1)
 = ( x + 2 )( x + 1) = x 2 + 3 x + 2 when x > 2 or x < 1
 ( x − 1)( x − 2 )
∴ f ( x) = 
 ( x − 4 )( x − 1)
2 2
 = − ( x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) when 1 < x < 2

 (
− x − 1)( x − 2 )
2
 x + 3x + 2 when x > 2 or x < 1
∴ f ( x) = 
− ( x + 3x + 2 ) when 1 < x < 2
2
Each being a polynomial function, is continuous for x > 2, x < 1

and 1 < x < 2. Let us test it at x = 1and x = 2 , f (1) = 6
h→0 h →0
{ 2
}
f (1+ ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = − lim+ (1 + h ) + 3 (1 + h ) + 2 = −6
∴ f (1) ≠ f (1+ ) , ∴ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1
Again, f ( 2 ) = 12 , f ( 2− ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = − lim+

h →0 h →0
{( 2 − h ) 2
}
+ 3 ( 2 − h ) + 2 = −12
∴ f ( 2 ) ≠ f ( 2− ) , So, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 2 , ∴ f ( x ) is continuous on the set R − {1, 2} .
 x 4 − 13 x 2 + 36
 where x ≠ 2, 3
 ( x − 2 )( x − 3 )

91. Ans. (d), We have f ( x ) =  p where x = 2
 q where x = 3


 ( x 2 − 4 )( x 2 − 9 )
 where x < 2 or x > 3
 ( x − 2 )( x − 3) ( x + 2 )( x + 3) where x < 2 or x > 3
 
 p where x = 2  p where x = 2
= =
 ( x − 4 )( x − 9 ) − ( x + 2 )( x + 3) where 2 < x < 3
2 2
 where 2 < x < 3 

 − ( x − 2 )( x − 3)  q where x = 3
 q where x = 3
At x = 2, we have, f ( 2 ) = p, f ( 2+ ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ {− ( 2 + h + 2 )( 2 + h + 3)}
h→0 h →0
= − lim+ ( 4 + h )( 5 + h ) = − ( 4 + 0 )( 5 + 0 ) = −20
h →0
f ( 2− ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ ( 2 − h + 2 )( 2 − h + 3) = lim+ ( 4 − h )( 5 − h ) = ( 4 − 0 )( 5 − 0 ) = 20

h →0 h →0 h →0
Since f ( 2+ ) ≠ f ( 2− ) , so f ( x ) cannot be continuous at x = 2 for any value of p.
Similarly, f ( x ) cannot be continuous at x = 3 for any value of q.

92. Ans. (c), f ( x ) is not defined at x = 0, x = 1and x = −1 , Also, lim f ( x ) = f ( a ) , When a ≠ 0, 1, − 1.
x →a
∴ f ( x ) has 3 points of discontinuity.
th
{ }
1
Ans. (b), f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ (1 − ah )
−1/ ah a
= lim+ (1 − ah )
−
93. h = ea
h →0 h →0 h →0
1/ 3
f ( 0 + ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+
( h + c ) − 1 = c1/ 3 − 1
1/ 2
h →0 h→0
( h + 1) − 1 0
So, f ( 0 + ) exists only when c1/ 3 = 1 i.e., c = 1

1/ 3
Then, f ( 0 + ) = lim+
(1 + h ) − 1  0
[Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
1/ 2  Form 0 
h →0
(1 + h ) − 1
1 −2 / 3
(1 + h ) 2 (1+ h)
1/ 2
2
= lim+ 3 = lim+ =
h →0 1
2/3
−1/ 2 3 h →0 (1 + h ) 3
(1 + h )
2
2 2
∴ f ( 0 ) = f ( 0− ) = f ( 0 + ) ⇒ b = ea = ⇒ a = log ( 2 / 3) , b = and c = 1 .
3 3
94. Ans. (c), For continuity at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
lim f ( x ) = lim
( 3
1+ x − 4 1+ x )  0
x →0 x →0 x  Form 0 
1 −2 / 3 1 −3/ 4 
 3 (1 + x ) − 4 (1 + x ) 
= lim   [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0
 1 
 
 1 1   1 1  1 1
= lim  2/3
− 3/ 4  =  −  = , ∴ f ( 0) = .
 3 (1 + x ) 4 (1 + x )   3 4  12 12
x →0
95. Ans. (a), We know that 1 + x 2 , ( )

3 x − 1 and 1 − x are continuous in their respective domain and [ x ]
is continuous everywhere, except at integers.
∴ Only doubtful points are ( 3 ) = (3 − 1) = 2
3, 4, 5 , ∴ f
f (3 +
) = lim f ( 3 + h ) = lim { 3 ( 3 + h ) −1} = 2
h → 0+ h → 0+
f ( 3 ) = lim f ( ) ( ) = 2 , ∴ f ( x ) is continuous at x =
− 2
3 − h = lim+ 1 + 3−h 3
h → 0+ h →0
f ( 4 ) = [ 4 ] = 4, f ( 4− ) = lim+ f ( 4 − h ) = lim { 3 ( 4 − h ) − 1} = ( 4 3 − 1)
h→0 h → 0+
∴ f ( 4 ) ≠ f ( 4− ) , So, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 4 , f ( 5 ) = 1 − 5 = − 4 = 4
f ( 5+ ) = lim+ f ( 5 + h ) = lim+ 1 − ( 5 + h ) = lim+ − 4 − h = 4

h →0 h →0 h →0
f ( 5− ) = lim+ f ( 5 − h ) = lim+ [5 − h ] = 4 , ∴ f ( 5 ) = f ( 5+ ) = f ( 5− )
h →0 h→0
So, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 5. Thus, f ( x ) has only one point of discontinuity.

96. Ans. (c), sin x is defined for all real x and at each point, the value and limit are same.
So, it is continuous everywhere.
π
97. Ans. (c), Clearly, tan x is not defined at x = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I.
2
th
( )
So, at each such point, it is discontinuous.
98. Ans. (c), We know that log a x is continuous at the points, where x > 0, a > 0 and a ≠ 1
∴ log e (1 + x ) is continuous at those points, where (1 + x ) > 0, i.e., x > −1.
∴ log (1 + x ) is continuous in the interval ]−1, ∞[ .
99. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = x − x , 1 − x , We know that x, x , 1 − x are continuous everywhere.
As the product and difference of continuous functions are continuous, so f ( x ) is continuous
everywhere.
 x3 − 3x + 2
 where x ≠ 1
100. Ans. (a), ∵ f ( x ) =  ( x − 1) and f ( x ) is continuous.
2

 k where x = 1
x3 − 3x + 2 0 
∴ lim 2
=k  0 form  [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →1
( x − 1)
3x 2 − 3 0 
⇒ k = lim  0 form  [Again using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →1 2 ( x − 1)
6x
= lim =3 ⇒ k =3
x →1 2
101. Ans. (d), Since the greatest integer function f ( x ) = [ x ] is discontinuous at all integer points and is
continuous only at non-integral points, given function is continuous at x = 1.5.
 x where x ≥ 0
102. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) =  2
− x where x < 0
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = − lim− x 2 = 0 ,
x →0 x →0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ x = 0 and f ( 0 ) = 0 , ∵ LHL = RHL = f ( 0 ) , ∴ It is continuous at x = 0

x →0 x →0
Also, f ( x ) is continuous in the given interval, Hence, f ( x ) is continuous in every x ∈ R .

1
103. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) =
x − [ x]
Clearly, f ( x ) is discontinuous when x − [ x ] = 0; But x − [ x ] = 0 ∀ x ∈ z
Hence f ( x ) is discontinuous ∀ x ∈ z
π
104. Ans. (c), We know that f ( x ) = tan x is not defined at x = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ z. Hence it is discontinuous
2
there.
x2 − 4
105. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = . It is continuous at all points except at x = 1
x −1
106. Ans. (b), f ( x ) = sin x + log e x , log e x is continuous at all the points x > 0
∵ log (of negative number) is not defined
107. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = x is continuous at x = 0, x = 1 etc. Thus, it is continuous at all real points.
1/ x
108. Ans. (a), lim f ( x ) = lim (1 + x ) = e and f ( 0 ) = e. Thus, the function is continuous at x = 0
x →0 x →0
th
51/ x , x<0
109. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = 
λ x , x ≥ 0
1 1
Continuity at x = 0 : LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ 5−1/ h = lim+ = lim+ ∞ = 0
1/ h
x →0 h→0 h →0 h →0 5 h → 0 5
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ λ h = 0
x →0 h →0 h →0
∵ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) . ∴ f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 .

x →0 x →0
110. Ans. (c), For x = 0, log e 0 is not defined

1
For x = ±1, log e x is zero ∴ is not defined ∴there are three points of discontinuity
log e x
π π
111. Ans. (c), LHL at x = − is 2 and RHL at x = − is − a + b
2 2
π
f ( x ) is continuous at x = − if − a + b = 2 …(i)
2
π π π
LHL at x = is a + b and RHL at x = is 0, f ( x ) is continuous at x = if a + b = 0 …(ii)
2 2 2
From (i) and (ii) a = −1, b = 1
112. Ans. (b), lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = − (1 / 2 ) , f ( 0 ) = − (1 / 2 ) and lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = p ∴ p = − (1 / 2 )
h →0 h →0
1
113. Ans. (d), lim− f ( x ) = 0 + 0 = 0 ; lim+ f ( x ) = 0 + 1 = 1 , ∴ f ( x ) is not continuous at x =
1
x →


1
x →


2
2 2
   
sin −1 x
4−
4 x − sin −1 x x =2=k
114. Ans. (b), lim = lim
x →0 2 x + tan −1 x x →0 tan −1 x
2+
x
115. Ans. (d), As f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1
a − b = 1 and as f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, 2a − b = 5 ∴ a = 4, b = 3
(4 − 1)
x 3
3
116. Ans. (d), Limiting value = 12 ( log e 4 ) (given), for x ≠ 0 , f ( x ) =
x  x2 
sin   log e 1 + 
 p  3
(4 )
3
x
−1
Taking limit on both sides as x → 0 ⇒ lim f ( x ) = lim
x →0 x →0 x  x2 
sin   ⋅ log e 1 + 
 p  3
3
(4 − 1)
3
x
 4x − 1 
lim ⋅ x3 lim  
x →0 x3 x →0
 x   x x2 
= = ∵ x → 0 ∴ p → 0 and 3 → 0 
x  x2   1  1  
sin   log e 1 +  2 1 ⋅   ⋅   ⋅1
lim  p  ⋅  x  ⋅ lim  3 x
⋅  p  3
x →0
 
 x   p  x →0 2
x  3
 p  
   3
th
3 3
 4x −1   4 x ⋅ log e 4 
= lim 3 p ⋅   = 3 p ⋅ lim   [Using L-Hopital Rule]
x →0
 x  x →0
 1 
3 3
= 3 p ⋅ ( log e 4 ) …(i) But given, lim f ( x ) = 12 ( log e 4 )
x →0
3 3
∴ 3 p. ( log e 4 ) = 12. ( log e 4 ) ⇒ 3 p = 12 ⇒ p=4 [Using (i)]
π π
117. Ans. (c), We apply the test of continuity at x = and x = to get the values of a and b
4 2
At x = π / 4, ∴ (π / 2 ) + b = a + (π / 4 ) …(i)
π  π π π −   π  π  
At x = π / 2 , f   = 2. cot + b = b , f   = lim  2  − h  cot  − h  + b  = b
2 2 2 2 
x →0
 2  2  
π +   π  π 
f  = lim  a cos 2  + h  − b sin  + h   = − a − b ∴ b = −a − b ⇒ a + 2b = 0
2  2  2 
→ 0
x

Solving (i) and (ii), we get a = (π / 6 ) , b = ( −π / 12 )
118. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = x − x 1 − x and further x, x and 1 − x are continuous for real x
∴ nowhere it is discontinuous
119. Ans. (a), At x = 3, x − 3 is continuous At x = 1, LHL is 2 and RHL is 2
∴ The function is continuous at x = 1
(0 − h) − 0 − h −h − h
120. Ans. (b), LHL = lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ 2 = 2
x →0 h →0 h →0 (0 − h) h →0 −h h →0
(0 + h) − 0 + h −h − h
RHL = lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ = lim+ = lim+ ( 0 ) = 0
x →0 h→0 h →0 (0 + h) h→0 h h →0
∴ LHL ≠ RHL ⇒ Limit does not exist at x = 0 ⇒ f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0 since

LHL ≠ RHL
 k  kx −1     kx2 −1  
2
  e  e 
2
121. Ans. (b), lim f ( x ) = lim     = lim     = k (1) = k lim f ( x ) = k
k
x →0 x →0  kx  kx
→0 2   kx   2 2 x →0 2
  2
   
 2    2  
k
Now lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ = −2 ⇒ k = −4
x →0 2
122. Ans. (d), Since the function is given to be continuous at x = 0 , LHL = RHL = f ( 0 )
1 − cos ( 4 ( 0 − h ) ) 1 − cos 4h
∴ LHL = lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ 2
= lim+
x →0 h →0 h →0
(0 − h) h →0 h2
2sin 2 ( 2h )
2
 sin 2h 
= 2 × 4 (1) = 8 , LHL = f ( 0 ) ⇒ 8 = k
2
= lim+ = lim+ 2 × 4   ⇒ k =8
h →0 h2 h→0  2h 
123. Ans. (c), Since, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 ⇒ lim_ f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) …(i)
x →0
1 − cos 4 ( 0 − h ) 1 − cos 4h 2sin 2 2h

Now, lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ 2
= lim+ = lim
x →0 h→0 h →0
(0 − h) h →0 h2 h → 0+ h2
th
2
 sin 2h 
= 2 × 4 lim+  = 2 × 4 = 8 , Now, f ( 0 ) = a , From (i), lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ a =8
h → 0  2h   x →0
124. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = x − a is continuous for all real x and a . Again sum of two continuous functions is
again a continuous function.
So, f ( x ) = x − 1 + x + x + 1 is continuous at x = 1.
125. Ans. (d) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 if lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = f (1) = 2
h →0 h →0
⇒ lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ {1 + h + 1} = 2 ⇒ lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ p (1 − h ) − q = p − q

h →0 h →0 h →0 h →0
{ 2
}
∴ f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 1 if p − q ≠ 2. Hence from given options only (d) is correct
π  π
126. Ans. Ans. (c) f ( x ) =  − x  tan x at x = , tan x is not defined,
2  2
∴ f ( x ) is not defined at x = π
2
2 x x x
127. Ans.(b), Given, f ( x ) = lim
(1 − cos x ) + sin x = lim 2sin 2
+ 2sin cos
2 2
x →0 1 − cos x − sin x x →0 x x
2sin 2 − 2 sin cos
x
2 2 2
x x x x x
2 sin  sin + cos  sin + cos
= lim
2 2 2
= lim 2 2 , ∴ f ( 0 ) = lim 0 + 1 = −1
x →0 x x x x → 0 x x x →0 0 − 1
2 sin  sin − cos  sin − cos
2 2 2 2 2
128. Ans. (c), Point of discontinuity are those where f ( x ) is not defined i.e., at x = 0, 1
x = 0, 1, − 1 , Number of points are 3.
π 
tan  − x 
π  4 
129. Ans. (a), For continuous function f   = lim
 4  x→ π cot 2 x
4
π π π
Put = −x=t ⇒ x= − t as x → ; t→0
4 4 4
tan t tan t tan t tan t 2t 1
lim = lim = lim = lim × =
t →0 π  t →0 π  t →0 tan 2t t →0 t tan 2t 2
cot 2  − t  cot  − 2t 
4  2 
3x − 4 4
130. Ans. (b), Given f ( x ) = clearly there is only one critical point x =
3x − 4 3
4 3h  3h 
∴ At x = , f (1+ ) = lim+ = 1 and f (1− ) = lim+   = −1 , since f (1+ ) ≠ f (1− )
3 h → 0 3h h → 0  −3h 
Hence function is discontinuous at x = 4

3
 x
 x 2 + 2 x where x > 0

x  −x
131. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) = 2 = 2 where x < 0
x + 2x  x + 2x
 1
 2 where x = 0

th
)
h 1 −h −1
∴ At x = 0 , f ( 0 + ) = lim+ 2 = and f ( 0 − ) = lim+ 2 = ,
h →0 h + 2h 2 h →0 h − 2h 2
Since f ( 0 + ) ≠ f ( 0 − ) , Hence limit doesn’t exist at x = 0 ,
∴ Function f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0 because it doesn’t exist at x = 0
132. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 , ∴ f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0+ ) = f ( 0 )

sin x
2−3
2 x − 3sin x x = 2 − 3 = −1  sin x tan x 
⇒ f ( 0 ) = lim = lim ∵ lim = 1, lim = 1
x → 0 3 x + 4 tan x x →0 tan x 3 + 4 7 x →0 x x → 0 x 
3+ 4
x
133. Ans. (c), Given, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 , ∴ f ( 2− ) = f ( 2+ ) = f ( 2 )
⇒ f ( 2− ) = f ( 2+ ) ⇒ 3 × 2 − 4 = 2 × 2 + l ⇒ l = −2
134. Ans. (d), Since sin x , cos x and x continuous functions on R , hence their sum is also continuous
on R . [Note : Sum of continuous functions always gives a continuous function.]
1  1 + ax   a In (1 + ax ) b In (1 − bx ) 
135. Ans. (b), lim In   = lim  + 
x →1 x
 1 − bx  x →0  ax −bx 
Thus, f ( 0 ) = a + b
136. Ans. (a), f ( x ) = x is continuous every where, Hence f ( x ) is also continuous at x = 0 and at x = 1.
Similarly f ( x ) = x − 1 is continuous everywhere.
Hence it is continuous at x = 0 and at x = 1. [∵ Sum of two continuous functions is continuous]
∴ f ( x ) = x + x − 1 is continuous ∀ x ∈ R
1
137. Ans. (d), Since lim sin does not exist. Hence function is discontinuous at x = 0.
x →0 x
Hence no value of k can make the function continuous.
138. Ans. (a), Since f ( x ) is continuous, ∴ RHL = LHL ⇒ lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x )
x →1 x →1
⇒ lim+ = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+ {a (1 + h ) + 1} = a + 1

x →1 h →0 h →0
⇒ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ (1 − h + 2 ) = 3 , ∴ a + 1 = 3 ⇒ a=2

x →1 h →0 h →0
139. Ans. (a), Given function f is continuous at x = 0.

2
1 − cos 4 x 2sin 2 2 x  sin 2 x 
∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim =k ⇒ lim =k ⇒ lim   =k ⇒ k =1
x →0 x →0 8x2 x →0 8x2 x →0
 2x 
140. Ans. (a,c), f ( x ) = cos ( x ) , Let φ ( x ) = x and g ( x ) = cos x
Then ( go φ )( x ) = g (φ ( x ) ) = g ( x ) ⇒ ( go φ )( x ) = cos ( x )
Since, φ ( x ) and g ( x ) are continuous functions, so ( go φ ) is also a continuous function.
141. Ans. (c), f ( x ) = [ x ] is a step function which is not continuous at any integral values of x.
If x = n = any integer then, infect lim− f ( x ) = n − 1and lim+ f ( x ) = n , ∴ lim f ( x ) also does not exist.
x→n x→n x→n
th
 log x
 where x ≠ 1
142. Ans. (b), Given, f ( x ) =  x − 1 is continuous at x = 1 , ∴ f (1) = lim f ( x )
x →1
k where x = 1
 log x  0 
⇒ k = lim    0 form  [Using L ' Hopital rule]
x →1
 x −1 
1
 
⇒ k = lim  x  = 1 ⇒ k = 1
x →1 1
 
 
143. Ans. (c) Given, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 , ∴ f ( 2 ) = lim f ( x )
x →2
2x − ( a + 2) 4−a−2
⇒ 2 = lim = ⇒ 2 = 2−a ⇒ a=0
x→2 1 1
 π  −π 
144. Ans. (c), LHL  at x = −  = lim ( −2sin x ) = −2  sin =2
 2  x→ −π
 2 
2
 −π  −π
and RHL  at x =  = limπ ( a sin x + b ) = −a + b , f ( x ) is continuous at x = if − a + b = 2 …(i)
 2  x→ 2
2
 π  π
Again LHL  at x =  = lim ( a sin x + b ) = a + b and RHL  at x =  = limπ ( cos x ) = 0
 2  x → −π  2  x→
2 2
x
Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = if a + b = 0 …(ii)
2
Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get, a = −1 , b = 1
145. Ans. (d), Given f ( x ) is continuous f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )
x →0
 log (1 + ex ) − log (1 − x )  0 
⇒ f ( 0 ) = lim    0 form 
x →0 x
 
e 1
+
⇒ f ( 0 ) = lim 1 + ex 1 − x [Using L-Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 1
∴ f ( 0) = e + 1
146. Ans. (b), Given f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0
k +0 e3 x − 1 k e3 x − 1 3 k 3
∴ f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) ⇒ = lim ⇒ = lim × ⇒ = ⇒ k =3
x →0 4 x →0 4x 4 x →0 3 x 4 4 4
147. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) = x − 2 , ∴ f ( 2 ) = 2 − 2 = 0
LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ 2 − h − 2 = 0
x→2 h →0 h→0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ 2 + h − 2 = 0 , Since LHL = RHL at x = 2 .

x→2 h →0 h→0
Hence, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 .
148. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 , then we must have, f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0+ ) = f ( 0 )
2− x+4 0 
Taking f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 + ) , ∴ f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim  0 form 
x →0 x →0 sin 2 x
th
( )
 1 
− 
2 x+4 
⇒ f ( 0 ) = lim  [Using L’ Hopital’s Rule.]
x →0 2 cos 2 x
1
−
−1/ 4 1
= 2 0+4 = =−
2 cos 0 2 8
149. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 , therefore f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0+ ) = f ( 0 )
sin π x  sin π x  π
Taking f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0 ) , ∴ lim+ f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim+ =k ⇒ lim+   =k
x →0 x →0 5x x →0  π x  5
π π  sin x 
⇒ 1⋅ =k ⇒k= ∵ lim = 1
5 5 x →0 x 
150. Ans. (d), Given, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2 .
∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 2 ) ⇒ lim ( 2 x + λ ) = 6 − 4 , lim 2 ( 2 − h ) + λ = 2 ⇒ 4+λ = 2 ⇒ λ = −2
x→2 x →2 x→2
2 x − sin −1 x
151. Ans. (b), Given, f ( x ) = is continuous at every point
2 x + tan −1 x
 2 x − sin −1 x  0 
∴ f ( x ) = lim   = f ( 0)  0 form 
x → 0 2 x + tan −1 x
 
 1   1 
2− 2
 2− 
1− x   1
f ( 0 ) = lim  = [Applying L’Hopital’s Rule]
x →0  1   1
2+ 2  2+ 
 1+ x   1
2 −1 1
= =
2 +1 3
152. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) is continuous at every point, hence it must be continuous at x = 1
∴ lim− f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f (1) ⇒ 5 × 1 − 4 = 4 ×1 + 3 × b × 1 ⇒ 1 = 4 + 3b ⇒ 3b = −3 ⇒ b = −1
x →1 x →1
 2 x + 1 when x >1
153. Ans. (c), Given that, f ( x ) =  k when x = 1 is continuous at x = 1 , then
5 x − 2 when x <1

lim f ( x ) = lim+ f ( x ) = f (1) ⇒ lim+ {5 (1 − h ) − 2} = lim+ {2 (1 + h ) + 1} = k ⇒ 1+ 2 = k ⇒ k =3
x →1− x →1 h →0 h →0
154. Ans. (b), Given, f ( x ) is continuous everywhere , so it must be continuous at x = 0

2x − 1 2 x log e 2
∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim = k ⇒ k = lim [Using L- Hopital’s Rule]
x →0 x →0
1 + x −1 x →0 1
2 1+ x
⇒ k = 2 log e 2 = log e 4
4 × 5x where x < 0
155. Ans. (a), We have, f ( x ) =  , LHL = lim+ f ( 0 − h ) = lim+ 4 × 5− h = 4
8a + x where x ≥ 0 h →0 h →0
and RHL = lim+ f ( 0 + h ) = lim+ ( 8a + h ) = 8a

h →0 h →0
4 1
Since, if f ( x ) continuous function, ∴ LHL = RHL ⇒ 8a = 4 ⇒a= =
8 2
th
π π +  π −  π 
156. Ans. (c), Since, f ( x ) is continuous at x = , ∴ f   = f   = f  
2 2  2  2
π  π  π   π    π   mπ
⇒ lim+  + h  = lim+  − h  = f   ⇒ lim+ sin  + h  + n  = lim+ m  − h  + 1 = +1
h →0  2  h →0  2  2 h →0
 2   h →0   2   2
 mπ  mπ mπ mπ π 
⇒ lim+ ( cos h + n ) = lim+  − mh + 1 = +1 ⇒ 1+ n = +1 = +1 ⇒ n = m  
h →0 h →0  2  2 2 2 2
3π
157. Ans. (c) Clearly, f ( x ) is continuous at x =
2
For checking choice (a) 3π
Lt − [ sin x ] = 0 ∵ sin x will be slightly less than 1 π 2 2π
π x
x→
2 0
π
one −1
2
Lt + [sin x ] = 0 ∵ sin x will be slightly less than
π
x→
1
one
π 
f   =1
2
π
Hence function is discontinuous at x =
2
For checking choice (b)
Lt [sin x ] = 0 ∵ sin x will be slightly more than zero
x →π −
Lt [sin x ] = −1 ∵ sin x will be slightly less than zero

x →π −
f (π ) = [sin π ] = 0
Hence function is discontinuous at x = π
For checking choice (c)
Lt − [sin x ] = −1 ∵ sin x will be slightly more than −1
3π
x→
2
Lt + = [sin x ] = −1 ∵ sin x will be slightly more than −1

3π
x→
2
 3π   3π 
And f   = sin  = −1
 2   2 
3π
Hence the function is continuums at x =
2
For checking choice (d)
Lt [sin x ] = −1 ∵ sin x is slightly less than zero
x → 2π −
Lt [sin x ] = 0 ∵ sin x is slightly more than zero

x → 2π +
f ( 2π ) = [sin 2π ] = 0 ∴ function is discontinues it x = 2π

158. Ans. (a), Given, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 ,
3 x + 4 tan x  4 tan x 
∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ lim = k ⇒ lim 3 + =k
x →0 x →0 x x →0
 x 
th
tan x
⇒ k = 3 + 4 lim ⇒ k = 3+ 4 = 7
x x →0
159. Ans. (c) As, tan x is not defined at x = π / 2 . ∴ tan x is discontinuous at x = π / 2 .

2+ x−2 1 1
160. Ans. (c) f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim = lim =
x →0 x →0
x ( 2+ x + 2 ) x →0 2+ x + 2 2 2
3
x3 + 8 x 3 − ( −2 ) 3 3− 5 3
161. Ans. (b) f ( −2 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim 5 = lim 5 5
= ( −2 ) =
x →−2 x →−2 x + 32 x →−2
x − ( −2 ) 5 20
162. Ans. (d) a is real iff a ≥ 0 . ∵9 − x 2 ≥ 0 . ∴ x 2 ≤ 9 . ∴ x ≤ 3 . ∴ − 3 ≤ x ≤ 3

x−2 x−2
163. Ans. (b) f ( x ) = = . If x = 2 , then f ( 2 ) = 0 / 0
x − 5 x + 6 ( x − 2 )( x − 3)
2
Hence, f ( 2 ) is not defined. ∴ f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 2 . If x ≠ 2 ,

then x − 2 ≠ 0 and hence, f ( x ) = 1/ ( x − 3) . This is not defined and, hence, discontinuous at x = 3 .
Thus, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 2,3
164. Ans. (d) , for f ( x ) be continuous function
∴ lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f ( 0 )
x → 0− x → 0+
sin ( 2k − 7 ) x  tan ( 3k − 4 ) x  2k − 3 3k − 4

∴ lim = lim = k +1 ∴ = = k +1 …. (i)
x →0 4x x →0 2x 4 2
5
Solving first two ∴ 2k − 3 = 2 ( 3k − 4 ) ∴ 2 k − 3 = 6k − 8 ∴ 5 = 4 k ∴ k =
4
But for this value of k all the three of (i) are not equal Hence no value of k is possible
165. Ans. (c) A Here f ( x ) = 2 x 2 − 1
∴ ( )
lim f ( x ) = lim 2 x 2 − 1 = 2 × ( 3 ) − 1 = 18 − 1 = 17
x →3 x →3
2
2
f ( 3) = 2 × ( 3) − 1 = 18 − 1 = 17
∴ lim f ( x ) = f ( 3) . Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at x = 3.
x →3
(B). f ( x ) = x − 5 is a polynomial functions, so f ( x ) is continuous for all values of x .

1
(C) . f ( x ) = is a rational function , quotient of two polynomial functions so f ( x ) is continuous
x−5
for all values of x provided x ≠ 5.
x 2 − 25 ( x + 5 )( x − 5 )
(D) . f ( x ) = = = x−5
x+5 x+5
∴ f ( x ) = x − 5 is a polynomial function, so f ( x ) is continuous at all values of in domain ( i.e x ≠ −5 )
of f ( x ) .
(E) f ( x ) = x − 5 which is modulus of continuous function x = 5, hence continuous .
 x, if x ≤ 1
166. Ans. (d) Hence , f ( x ) = 
5, if x > 1
At x = 0, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( x ) = 0
x →0 x →0
th
) 31
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ ( x ) = 0
x →0 x →0
Also , f ( 0 ) = 0 ∵ f ( x ) = x 
∴ LHL = RHL = f ( 0 )
Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0.
At x = 1, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( x ) = 0
x →1 x →1
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = 5 ∴ LHL ≠ RHL

x →1
Thus f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1. At x = 2, lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = 5

x →2 x →2
also , f ( 2) = 5 ∴ LHL = RHL = f ( 2 )

Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2.
 3, if 0 ≤ x ≤1

167. Ans. (a) f ( x ) =  4, if 1< x < 3
5, if 3 ≤ x ≤ 10

For 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, f ( x ) = 3 fur ther 1 < x < 3; f ( x ) = 4 and 3 ≤ x ≤ 10, f ( x ) = 5 are constant functions , so
it is continuous in the above interval ,
So we have to check the continuity at x = 1,3 At x = 1, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( 3) = 3
x →1 x →1
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ ( 4 ) = 4 ∴ LHL ≠ RHL

x →1 x →1
Thus , f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1
At x = 3, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( 4 ) = 4
x →3 x →3
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ ( 5 ) = 5 ∴ LHL ≠ RHL

x →3 x →3
Thus , f ( x ) is continuous everywhere except at x = 1,3.
168. Ans. (a) Since , f ( x ) is a sum of a polynomial function (x 2

+ 5 ) and − sin x both of which are
continuous functions everywhere , thus , f ( x ) is continuous everywhere
169. Ans. (d) x − [ x ] = 0 when x is an intiger , so that f ( x ) is discontinuous for all x ∈ I .ie., f ( x ) is
discontinuous at in finite number of points
170. Ans. (d) We know that , sum , product and difference of two polynomials is a polynomials ,and
polynomial function is everywhere continuous
g ( x)
Now , we check the continuity of
f ( x)
x2
g ( x) +2
= 2
f ( x) 2x
g ( x)
Clearly , is not defined at x = 0 ∴ it is discontinuous at x = 0
f ( x)
171. Ans. (d) Here , greatest integer function [ x ] is discontinuous at its integral value of x, cot x and
th
( )
π 3π 5π
cosec x are discontinuous at 0, π , 2π etc and tan x and sec x are discontinuous at x = , , etc
2 2 2
therefore the greatest integer function and all trigonometric functions are not continuous for x ∈ R.
Therefore , neither (i) nor (ii) are true .
172. Ans. (c) 1. We the standavd thearews say that if f ( x ) are continuous
Functions at x = c then
f ( x ) + g ( x ) , f ( x ) − g ( x ) and f ( x ) .g ( x ) are always countions functions at x = c
f ( x)
Further Is continuous at x = c provided g ( x ) ≠ 0
g ( x)
 x, if x ≤ 1
173. Ans. (d) Here , f ( x ) = 
5, if x > 1
At x = 0, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( x )
x→0 x →0
Putting x = 0 − h and x → 0, h → 0
lim ( 0 − h ) = 0 − 0 = 0
h →0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = lim+ ( x )

x →0 x →0
Putting x = 0 + h as x → 0, h → 0
lim ( 0 + h ) = 0 + 0 = 0
x → 0+
Also , f ( 0 ) = 0 ∵ f ( x ) = x 
∴ LHL = RHL = f ( 0 )
Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0
At x = 1, LHL = lim− f ( x ) = lim− ( x )
x →1 x →1
−
Putting x = 1 − h as x → 1 , h → 0
= lim (1 − h ) = 1 − 0 = 1
h →0
RHL = lim+ f ( x ) = 5 ∴ LHL ≠ RHL

x →1
Thus , f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 1
At x = 2, lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = 5
x →2 x →2
Also , f ( 2 ) = 5 ∴ LHL = RHL = f ( 2 ) .

Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2
174. Ans. (d) (i) Every rational function f is given by
p ( x)
f ( x) = ,.q ( x ) ≠ 0
q ( x)
Where P ( x ) and q ( x ) are polynomial functions the domain of f is all real numbers except those
points at which q ( x ) is zero Since , polynomial functions are continuous f is continuous .in its
dowain
(II) ,(III)
th
) 33
Since and cosince function are always continuous functions
(iv) Let f ( x ) = tan x
sin x
We have , f ( x ) = tan x = ∵sin x and cos x are everywhere continuous
cos x
Therefore , f ( x ) = tan x is continuous for all x ∈ R. such that cos x ≠ 0
Hence , f ( x ) = tan x is continuous for all in its dowain
175. Ans. (C) A. Here , f ( x ) = cos x
Is continuous for all x
1
B. Here , f ( x ) = cos ecx = . Since f ( x ) is not defined at x = nπ , n ∈ Z .
sin x
Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at all points except x = nπ , n ∈ Z
1
C. Here , f ( x ) = sec x =
cos x
π
Since , f ( x ) is not defined at x = ( 2n + 1) ,n∈Z
2
π
Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at all points except x = ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ Z.
2
cos x
D. Here , f ( x ) = cot x =
sin x
Since , f ( x ) is not defined at x = nπ , n ∈ Z .
Thus , f ( x ) is continuous at all points except x = nπ , n ∈ Z .
176. Ans. (c) As we know that [ x ] is discontinuous at integral points only and x − [ x ] is difference of
continuous and discontinuous function (at integral points) Hence discontinuons function
Hence that number of points of discontinuity is 6 (at x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
It is obvious from the above graph that the function f ( x ) = x − [ x ] is discontinuous at the points
x = 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6. therefore no . of points of discontinuity of the given function in the given interval are
6.
177. Ans. (c) The function log x is not defined at x = 0 so x = 0 is a point of discontinuity .
Also , for f ( x ) to defined , log x ≠ 0 that is x ≠ ±1.
Hence 1 and – 1 are also points of discontinuity . Hence f ( x ) is continuous for x ∈ R. − {0,1, −1}
Thus there are three points of discontinuity.
 πx 
178. Ans. (c) We have , function f ( x ) = tan   and we know that function f ( x ) is discontinuous at
 x +1 
 πx 
sin  
 πx   x + 1  has denouinator zero i.e cos π x = 0 α
those points , where tan   =
 x + 1  cos  π x  x +1
 
 x +1
πx π 2m + 1
⇒ = ( 2m + 1) ⇒ 2 x = ( 2m + 1) x + ( 2m + 1) ⇒ ( 2 − 2m − 1) x = 2m + 1 ⇒ x =
x +1 2 1 − 2m
th

NDA Previous Year Questions CONTINUITY

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JEE (MAIN & ADV.

), MEDICAL + BOARD, NDA, X & IX

5. The value of f ( 0 ) so that f ( x ) =

(d) lim f ( x ) exists but f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0.

(c) Discontinuous since lim f ( x ) ≠ f (1) (d) Continuous at x = 1

(c) f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1 (d) None of these

(c) f ( x ) is discontinuous at atleast one point (d) None of these

(a) R − {2} (b) R − {1} (c) R − {1, 2} (d) R

(c) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 only (d) f ( x ) is discontinuous at every x ∈ R

 where − 1 ≤ x < ∞ but x ≠ 0

(a) f ( x ) is continuous at all points (b) f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = π .

So, f ( x ) is continuous at x = −2 , f ( 0 ) = ( 0 + 2 ) = 2 , f ( 0 ) = lim f ( 0 + h ) = lim ( h + 2 ) = 2

So, f ( x ) is discontinuous at x = 0 , Hence, the correct answer is (b).

To be continuous everywhere f ( x ) must be continuous at x = 0 also.

7. Ans. (a), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = π , we must have

− cos x − sin x − cos π − sin π 1− 0

f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) = lim = lim

24. Ans. (c), For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 0 , we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

30. Ans. (a), We must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) .

f ( 2− ) = lim+ f ( 2 − h ) = lim+ k ( 2 − h ) = 4k and f ( 2 + ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ 3 = 3

and f ( 2+ ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+ 2 ( 2 + h ) + λ = lim+ ( 4 + 2h + λ ) = 4 + λ .

Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, so we have, f ( 2− ) = f ( 2 + ) ⇒ 2 = 4+λ ⇒ λ = −2.

 sin ( −h )   − sin h  sin h

∴ lim+ f ( x ) = lim− f ( x ) = f ( 0 ) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0.

42. Ans. (c), At x = 0, we have: f ( 0 ) = 2.02 + 3.0 − 2 = −2

Now, f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0 ⇒ f ( 0+ ) = f ( 0− ) = f ( 0 ) ⇒ k = −2.

We put π − x = h , Then, x → π ⇒ π −x→0 ⇒ h→0

46. Ans. (c), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

= lim+ {( 3 + h ) + ( −3 − h )} = lim+ {3 + ( −4 )} = −1 and f ( 3 ) = lim f ( 3 − h ) = lim {( 3 − h ) + ( − ( 3 − h ) )}

= lim+ {( 3 − h ) + ( −3 + h )} = lim+ {2 + ( −3)} = −1

For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 3, we must have, f ( 3) = f ( 3+ ) = f ( 3− ) ⇒ k = −1.

53. Ans. (b), We must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x ) , lim f ( x ) = lim

f (1+ ) = lim+ f (1 + h ) = lim+

and f (1− ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+

∴ f (1 ) = f (1 ) = f (1) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1.

57. Ans. (b), At x = 0 we have, f ( 0 ) = e0 sin 0 + (π × 0 ) + k log 4 = k log 4.

∴ f ( 0 ) ≠ f ( 0+ ) and so f ( x ) is not continuous at x = 0.

and f (1 ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+ (1 − h ) + 2 = lim+ ( 3 − h ) = 3 − 0 = 3

∴ f (1 ) = f (1 ) = f (1) and so f ( x ) is continuous at x = 1

and f ( 2+ ) = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+  2 ( 2 + h ) − 3 = lim+ (1 + 2h ) = 1 + 0 = 1

−2π 2 cos 2π x −2π 2 cos π 2π 2 π 2

64. Ans. (d), For f ( x ) to be continuous at x = 0, we must have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

sin 2 x + A sin x + B cos x

and f ( 2 ) = lim f ( 2 + h ) = lim {3 ( 2 + h ) − 2} = lim ( 4 + 3h ) = 4

∴ f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) and so the function is continuous at

Now, f ( 3) = 4 and f ( 3− ) = lim+ f ( 3 − h ) = lim+ ( 3 − h + λ ) = 3 + λ , ∴ 3 + λ = 4 ⇒ λ = 1.

−1 + a where x < 4

and f ( 4 ) = lim f ( 4 + h ) = lim (1 + b ) = (1 + b )

For continuity of f ( x ) at x = 4, we have, f ( 4 ) = f ( 4 ) = f ( 4 )

and f ( 0 ) = lim f ( 0 − h ) = lim f ( −h ) = lim 2 = 2

74. Ans. (b), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 0, so we have, f ( 0 ) = lim f ( x )

For continuity in the whole domain, it must be continuous at x = 1.

78. Ans. (b), We must have, k = f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 − ) = f ( 0+ ) , f ( 0 − ) = lim+ f ( 0 − h )

and f1 ( 0) = lim f ( 0 + h ) = lim f ( h ) = lim h = lim h = 0

and f (1− ) = lim+ f (1 − h ) = lim+

Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, so we have, f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 ) = f ( 2)

87. Ans. (c), Since f ( x ) is continuous at x = 2, so we have, f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 + ) = f ( 2− )

Now, f ( 2 ) = f ( 2 + ) ⇒ m = lim+ f ( 2 + h ) = lim+

 = − ( x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) when 1 < x < 2