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The Z Score.1

This document discusses the normal distribution and z-scores. It provides examples of converting a random variable to a z-score using the formula z = (x - μ) / σ. It also discusses using z-scores and the normal distribution to calculate probabilities, such as the probability of a score falling below a certain value. Finally, it discusses percentiles and how to determine the percentile corresponding to a given z-score or probability.

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Meliza Analista
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85 views17 pages

The Z Score.1

This document discusses the normal distribution and z-scores. It provides examples of converting a random variable to a z-score using the formula z = (x - μ) / σ. It also discusses using z-scores and the normal distribution to calculate probabilities, such as the probability of a score falling below a certain value. Finally, it discusses percentiles and how to determine the percentile corresponding to a given z-score or probability.

Uploaded by

Meliza Analista
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

The Normal
Distribution
(The z-score)
2
OBJECTIVES
• identifies regions under the normal curve
corresponding to different standard normal values.
• converts a normal random variable to a standard
normal variable and vice versa.

3
The Normal Distribution

4
The z-table

5
6
The z-scores
The z-score is an essential component in standard normal
distribution. This allows us to describe a given set of data
by finding the z-scores.
𝑥−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
where z = z- score or standard score
x = observed value
µ = mean
𝜎 = standard deviation
7
To illustrate how the value of x can be converted in z-score, here are
some examples.
A random variable X has a mean of 6 and a standard deviation of 2.
Find the corresponding z-score for x = 11.

Solution: 𝑧 = 𝑥 − 𝜇
𝜎
11 − 6
𝑧=
2
5
𝑧=
2
𝒛 = 𝟐. 𝟓
8
To illustrate how the value of x can be converted in z-score, here are
some examples.

Solution: 𝑧 = 𝑥 − 𝜇
𝜎
18 − 28
𝑧=
5
−10
𝑧=
5

𝒛 = −𝟐
9
The scores in the summative test of 11- STEM are normally distributed
with a mean of 65 and a standard deviation of 12. Find the probability
that some students got a score below 40.

Solution: 𝑧 = 𝑥 − 𝜇
𝜎
40 − 65
𝑧= -3 -2
12 -1 0 1 2 3
−25 Therefore, the P(Z < -2.08) = 0.0188 or 1.88%.
𝑧=
12 The probability that students got a score
𝒛 = −𝟐. 𝟎𝟖 below 40 is 1.88%.

= 0.0188
10
The height (in meters) of grade 11 students in section A follows a normal
distribution with the mean 1.6 and a standard deviation of 0.3. Find the
probability that students chosen at random has a height greater than 1.75.

Solution: 𝑧 = 𝑥 − 𝜇
𝜎
1.75 − 1.6
𝑧=
0.3 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
.15
𝑧=
.3 The probability that students chosen at
𝒛 = 𝟎. 𝟓 random has a height greater than below 1.75
is 30.85%
Therefore, 1.0000 – 0.6915 = 0.3085
= 0.3085 11
A percentile is a measure used in statistics indicating
the value below which a given percentage of
observations in a group of observations fall.

12
The Percentile
Example

Imagine you took a standardized test and you scored 91 at the


89th percentile. This means that 89% of the examiners scored lower
than 91 and 11% scored higher than 91. This explains that 89th
percentile is located where 89% of the total population lies below
and 11% lies above that point.

13
To illustrate the 89th percentile of the normal curve here are the steps:

1. Express the given percentage as probability, remember 89% is the same as


0.8900.
2. Using the z-table (Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the Standard
Normal Curve), locate the area of 0.8900.

3. There is no area corresponding exactly to 0.8900. It is between of 0.8888


with a corresponding z - score of 1.22 and 0.8907 with a corresponding z - score
of 1.23. The nearest value to 0.8900 is 0.8907 and therefore, the distribution lies
below z = 1.23.

14
4. Construct a normal curve and shade the region to the
left of 1.23.

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

15
ACTIVITY

2.4 0.9918

16
What I Have Learned
Directions:
Analyze the problem below by providing a comprehensive answer
from the given question. Write the complete solution on your answer
sheets.

The mean score and the standard deviation in the Statistics test are
respectively equal to 80 and 2.5, whereas in the Mathematics test
the mean score is 70 and the standard deviation is 2. If Liza got a
score of 85 in Statistics and a score of 75 in Mathematics in which
subject is her standing better assuming normality in both subjects?
17

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