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    Kms Capebiou1 02107020 Mayjune2022 Qig3

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    Kms Capebiou1 02107020 Mayjune2022 Qig3

    Uploaded by

    Amy Narine
    44 views4 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    44 views4 pages

    Kms Capebiou1 02107020 Mayjune2022 Qig3

    Uploaded by

    Amy Narine

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    02107020/CAPE/KMS 2022

    C A R I B B E A N E X A M I N A T I O N S C O U N C I L

    CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION®

    BIOLOGY

    UNIT 1 - Paper 02

    KEYS AND MARK SCHEME

    MAY/JUNE 2022

    - 2 -
    02107020/CAPE/KMS 2021
    BIOLOGY
    UNIT 1 – PAPER 02
    KEY AND MARK SCHEME
    Question 3

    (a) (i) Hypothesis

    Do not accept aims/concluding/predicative statements for the hypothesis


    Pollen grain germination will be at its maximum at the ideal glucose
    concentration (stated)/ The concentration of glucose has no effect on
    the germination of pollen grains. / If pollen grain germination is at
    its maximum then the corresponding concentration of glucose is ideal.
    Stated correctly - 1 mark
    Testable - 1 mark
    [2 marks; XS]
    (ii) Source of Error

    - Inconsistent number of pollen grains (not controlling the pollen


    grain number)
    - The concentrations of glucose vary too widely
    - Petri dishes are uncovered and can affect the concentration of
    glucose
    - Pollen grains from different flowers
    - Accept mislabelling of petri dish
    Any 1, 1 mark; XS

    (iii) Change in experiment


    Link between the source of error and the change in the experiment
    - Placing the same number of pollen grains in each of the Petri dishes
    for the experiment.
    - Vary the glucose concentrations less e.g. 0.002, 0.004, 0.006
    - Cover the petri dish
    - Select pollen grains from the same flower
    - Accept label bottom of petri dish
    Any 1, 1 mark; XS
    (iv) Number of pollen grains germinated / % germinated pollen grains
    Rate of germination not acceptable.
    1 mark; XS

    (b) (i) Epidermis – protects inner layers of anther [1 mark; KC]

    (ii) Tapetum - nourishment of pollen mother cells and developing pollen


    grains / aids in exine formation / produces enzymes.
    [1 mark; KC]

    (iii) Pollen mother cells- produces pollen grains. [1 mark; KC]

    (iv) Pollen Grain Formation


    • meiosis occurs in pollen mother cell
    • produces 4 microsporocytes/haploid cells/tetrad
    • each secretes / separated by wall/ forms intine and exine
    • haploid nucleus in each pollen grain divides by mitosis
    • giving pollen tube nucleus and generative nucleus

    5 points in the correct the order – 3 marks


    3-4 points in the correct the order – 2 marks
    1-2 points in the correct the order 1 mark
    [3 marks; KC]
    - 3 -
    02107020/CAPE/KMS 2021
    BIOLOGY
    UNIT 1 – PAPER 02
    KEY AND MARK SCHEME

    Question 3 cont’d

    (b) (v) Significance of Double Fertilization


    • results in triploid nucleus/endosperm nucleus which produces the
    endosperm and the zygote which forms the embryo
    • endosperm surrounds the embryo and nourishes it as it develops/
    endosperm nucleus develops rapidly into nutritive endosperm tissue
    so the seed develops quickly
    • plant does not have to invest energy in seed nutritive tissue
    until after fertilization
    • may have contributed to ecological success of flowering plants (by
    accelerating the formation of seeds in plants)

    Any 3 points - 1 mark each


    [3 marks; UK]

    (c) Spermatogenesis
    • hypothalamus produces GnRH which stimulates the anterior pituitary
    gland to produce LH and FSH
    • LH locks into specific receptors on the Leydig cells which
    stimulates the Leydig cells to produce testosterone
    • FSH binds to Sertoli cells making them more receptive to
    testosterone
    • testosterone (binds to receptors of the Sertoli cells which
    stimulates spermatogenesis/sperm production
    • When testosterone levels are high, it inhibits the production of
    GnRH and LH which lowers testosterone production
    • Inhibin is (secreted by the Sertoli cells which) inhibits FSH
    production
    5-6 points – 4 marks
    3-4 points – 3 marks
    2 points – 2 marks
    1 point – 1 mark
    [4 marks; KC]

    (d) (i) Effects of Smoking


    Figure 6 shows that the more cigarettes a woman smokes a day during
    pregnancy (1) the greater the negative effect on an infant’s birth
    weight/the lower the infant’s birth weight / foetal birth weight
    decreases with increasing use of cigarettes per day (1). Cigarettes
    have harmful substances such as carbon monoxide/nicotine (1). Carbon
    monoxide lowers blood oxygen levels available to the foetus, leading to
    retardation of growth/lower birth weight (1) / Nicotine reduces the
    diameter of the blood vessel, lowering the availability of oxygen to
    the foetus, resulting lower birth weight (1). 4 marks
    - 4 -
    02107020/CAPE/KMS 2021
    BIOLOGY
    UNIT 1 – PAPER 02
    KEY AND MARK SCHEME

    Question 3 cont’d

    (d) (ii) Effects of maternal behaviours on foetal development.

    Alcohol usage
    The mother may be consuming alcohol during pregnancy (1). A child may
    develop foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) if exposed to a high level of
    alcohol during pregnancy (1). Children born with FAS are born with a
    lower birth weight and may lead to retardations in the development of
    the foetus (1). The doctor may recommend that the mother does not
    consume alcohol during pregnancy as even moderate consumption of
    alcohol may have a negative impact on birth weight (1).
    4 marks
    Diet
    The mother may not be consuming a balanced diet (1). During pregnancy
    the mother requires an adequate supply of key nutrients to ensure
    healthy development of the foetus (1). A poor/deficient
    diet/nutritional intake during pregnancy will hinder the development of
    the foetus as the mother may struggle to gain sufficient weight and so
    will the foetus (1). The doctor may recommend that the mother eats a
    more balanced diet and/or supplement with key nutrients such as
    folate/iron (1).

    Drug use
    A mother may be consuming drugs (e.g. heroin, cocaine, opioids) (1).
    Maternal drug use usually results in addiction, which will often lead
    to poor overall health/inadequate nutrition (1). Poor diet/nutrition /
    poor overall health during pregnancy can result in lower-than-average
    birth weight and developmental retardations in the foetus (1). The
    doctor may recommend the mother to seek assistance for drug dependence
    to entirely stop drug usage (1).

    4 marks

    Any other behaviours such as drug use and stress, that are plausible.

    Plausible behaviour- 1 mark


    Biological impact (1 mark each)- 2 marks
    Recommendation – 1 mark
    (8 marks; UK)

    Total 30 marks

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