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    Republic of Biak Na Bato (SUMMARY)

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    Irish D. Cudal
    1) In July 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo established the Republic of Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel de Mayumo as his headquarters after escaping the Spanish. 2) The Biak-na-Bato Constitution established the first republican government in the Philippines and outlined basic human rights. 3) In November 1897, Aguinaldo and the Spanish agreed to a ceasefire where Aguinaldo would go into exile in exchange for reforms, though tensions remained as trust was lacking between the two sides.

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    Republic of Biak Na Bato (SUMMARY)

    Uploaded by

    Irish D. Cudal
    50 views2 pages
    1) In July 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo established the Republic of Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel de Mayumo as his headquarters after escaping the Spanish. 2) The Biak-na-Bato Constitution established the first republican government in the Philippines and outlined basic human rights. 3) In November 1897, Aguinaldo and the Spanish agreed to a ceasefire where Aguinaldo would go into exile in exchange for reforms, though tensions remained as trust was lacking between the two sides.

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    Republic of Biak na Bato (SUMMARY)

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    1) In July 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo established the Republic of Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel de Mayumo as his headquarters after escaping the Spanish. 2) The Biak-na-Bato Constitution established the first republican government in the Philippines and outlined basic human rights. 3) In November 1897, Aguinaldo and the Spanish agreed to a ceasefire where Aguinaldo would go into exile in exchange for reforms, though tensions remained as trust was lacking between the two sides.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views2 pages

    Republic of Biak Na Bato (SUMMARY)

    Uploaded by

    Irish D. Cudal
    1) In July 1897, Emilio Aguinaldo established the Republic of Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel de Mayumo as his headquarters after escaping the Spanish. 2) The Biak-na-Bato Constitution established the first republican government in the Philippines and outlined basic human rights. 3) In November 1897, Aguinaldo and the Spanish agreed to a ceasefire where Aguinaldo would go into exile in exchange for reforms, though tensions remained as trust was lacking between the two sides.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Republic of Biak na Bato

    I. Establishment of the Republic of Biag-na-Bato


    • Emilio Aguinaldo escaped the Spanish who tried to capture him and headed to Biak-na-
    Bato, San Miguel de Mayumo where he established his headquarters.
    • News of Aguinaldo's arrival at Biak-na-Bato reached the towns of Central Luzon.
    - As a consequence, armed men from Pangasinan, Zambales, and Ilocos
    provinces, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija, renewed their armed resistance against the
    enemy. From Biak-na-Bato, Aguinaldo and his men joined forces with those of
    General Mariano Llanera of Nueva Ecija and harassed the Spanish soldiers
    garrisoned in the Central Luzon Provinces. With the coming of the rainy
    season, Primo de Rivera's campaigns were temporarily halted.
    • In July 1897, Aguinaldo established the Biak-na-Bato Republic and issued a proclamation
    stating the following demands:
    1. Expulsion of the friars and the return of the friar lands to the Filipinos
    2. Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes
    3. Freedom of the press and of religion
    4. Abolition of the government’s power to banish Filipinos
    5. Equality for all before the law.

    The government that was established in Biak-na-Bato was the first


    constitutional republican government in “Filipinas.”
    II. The Biak na Bato Constitution
    • Was signed on November 1, 1897
    • Prepared by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho
    • Was based on the Cuban constitution of Jimaguayu
    • Its preamble states:
    The separation of the Philippines from the Spanish monarchy and their formation
    into an independent state with its own government called the Philippine Republic has
    been the end sought by the Revolution in the existing war, begun on the 24th of
    August, 1896; and , therefore, in its name and by the power delegated by the Filipino
    people, interpreting faithfully their desires and ambitions, we the representatives of
    the Revolution, in a meeting at Biac-na-bato, November 1, 1897, unanimously
    adopted the following articles for the constitution of the State.

    • On November 2 the Supreme Court was created with the following officers:
    President Emilio Aguinaldo
    Vice President Mariano Triad
    Secretary of Foreign Affairs Antonio Montenegro
    Secretary of Interior Isabelo Artacho
    Secretary of War Emiliano Riego de Dios
    Secretary of Treasury Baldomero Aguinaldo
    The Biak-na-Bato Constitution provided for the establishment of a Supreme council
    that would serve as the highest governing body of the Republic. It also outlined certain
    basic human rights, such as freedom of religion, freedom of the press, and the right to
    education. Emilio Aguinaldo and Mariano Trias were elected Supreme Council
    president and vice president, respectively.

    III. Extinguishment of the Republic of Biag-na-Bato


    • The clash between the Filipinos and Spaniards ended through a condition.
    How?
    - Pedro Paterno volunteered to act as a negotiator between Emilio Aguinaldo
    and Governor General Primo de Rivera. This led to a ceasefire that was
    declared by both camps and an agreement between Aguinaldo and the
    Spanish Forces was made. Both parties came up with a condition.
    Condition:
    - The Spanish government will grant self-rule to the Philippines in 3 years if
    Aguinaldo went to exile in Hong Kong and surrendered his arms. Aguinaldo
    will receive Php 800,000 (Mexican Pesos) as remuneration to the
    revolutionaries and an amnesty.

    • The Filipino’s and the Spaniards did not trust each other
    - The Spaniards gave the partial payment of 400,000 to Aguinaldo and he left for
    Hong Kong. However, some Filipino generals did not believe in the sincerity of
    the Spaniards. They refuse to surrender their arms.

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