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3 Operation of Sets

The document defines and provides examples of basic set operations: intersection, union, complement, disjoint sets, difference, and cross product. It explains that every set operation involves a universal set that all other sets are subsets of. Examples are given to demonstrate how to find the complement, intersection, union, difference, and cross product of sets.

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29 views2 pages

3 Operation of Sets

The document defines and provides examples of basic set operations: intersection, union, complement, disjoint sets, difference, and cross product. It explains that every set operation involves a universal set that all other sets are subsets of. Examples are given to demonstrate how to find the complement, intersection, union, difference, and cross product of sets.

Uploaded by

Aira Cordero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operation on Sets

There are three basic set operations: intersection, union, and complementation. Set complementation is a
unary operation since it involves only one set. Intersection and union of two sets are examples of binary
operation of sets.

In any application of set Theory, all sets under investigation are subsets of a fixed set called the universal set.
It is usually denoted by U.
1. If X ={1,2 }, Y ={2,5,3 }, X ={1,2,4 }∧W ={1,2,3,4,5 }. Then W can be considered as the universal set of
this problem.
2. If E={2,4,6 , … }∧O={1,3,5 , …}, then N={1,2,3,4 , … } can be considered as the universal set.

Complement
If the universal set is U, then the complement of A(written A ' )is the set of all elements in the universal set
that are not in A .
1. If the universal set is U ={1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 } and A={1 , 2, 3 }, then A ' ={4 , 5} .
2. Let U ={ 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ,6 ,7 , 8 , 9 , 10 } and B= { x| x is odd∧x <10 }. Then the elements of B are { 1 ,3 ,5 , 7 , 9 }.
Thus B' ={2 , 4 , 6 , 8 ,10 }

The intersection of a set and its complement is the empty, or A ∩ A ' =∅ ; the union of a set and its
complement is the universal set, or A ∪ A '=U .

The intersection of two sets is the set containing the elements common to the two sets and is denoted by the
symbol ∩.
A ∩ B= { x| x belongs ¿ A∧B }.

The union of two sets is the set containing all elements belonging to either one of the sets or to both, denoted
by the symbol ∪.
A ∪B= { x| x belongs ¿ A∨¿ B∨both }.

Disjoint Sets
If sets A and B have no elements in common, then we say that A and B are disjoint sets.
1. If A={1,3 } and B={2,4,5,6 }. Then A and B are disjoint sets.
2. The set of even numbers and the set of odd numbers are disjoint sets.

Intersection and union


1. if C={1 , 2 ,3 , 4 } and D={3 , 4 , 5 }, then C ∩ D ={3 , 4 } and C ∪ D ={1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 }.

Cross product
Another important binary operation involving two sets A and B is the cross product of A and B denoted by
A × B . We define this as follows: A × B={( x , y )∨x belongs ¿ A y belongs ¿ B }.

1. if M ={2, 3 , 5 ,7 } and N={1 ,2 , 7 }, then


M × N= { (2,1 ) , ( 2,2 ) , ( 2,7 ) , ( 3,1 ) , (3,2 ) , ( 3,7 ) , ( 5,1 ) , ( 5,2 ) , ( 5,7 ) , ( 7,1 ) , ( 7,2 ) , ( 7,7 ) }

Difference
The difference of two set A and B, written A−B , is the set of elements which belong to A but which does not
belong to B. A−B={ x| x ∈ A∧x B }
1. if C={1 , 2 ,3 , 4 } and D={3 , 4 , 5 }, then C−D={1 ,2 }

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