LEGEND:

Boxed Bold Red = Conditions Blue = Will be used 2. Lateral-Torsional Buckling (for 1st Case)
Bold Black = Solve Green = refer to* 𝐿𝐿
𝑳𝑳𝒃𝒃 = (sagrod: midspan = 2, thirdspan = 3)
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝐸𝐸
1 STEEL BEAM (NSCP 2001 & 2015) 𝑳𝑳𝒑𝒑 = 1.76𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦 �
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦

(NSCP 2001) 2
𝑳𝑳𝒓𝒓 = 1.95𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 (
𝐸𝐸
)�𝑆𝑆
𝐽𝐽𝑐𝑐
�1 + �1 + 6.76 �0.7𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 ℎ0�
1.1 LATERALLY SUPPORTED BEAMS 0.7𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 ℎ0 𝐸𝐸𝐽𝐽 𝑐𝑐
1. Compactness & Fb
�𝐼𝐼𝑦𝑦 𝐶𝐶𝑤𝑤
𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 170 𝑑𝑑 1690 𝒓𝒓𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = � ; 𝒉𝒉𝟎𝟎 = 𝑑𝑑 − 𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓
Compact < ; < 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥
2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍 BUCKLING; 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥
250 𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 170
Partially < 2𝑡𝑡 > 𝑳𝑳𝒑𝒑 ≤ 𝑳𝑳𝒃𝒃 ≤ 𝑳𝑳𝒓𝒓 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 �𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 − �𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 � �
𝐿𝐿𝑏𝑏−𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝
��
�𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑓𝑓 �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟−𝐿𝐿𝑝𝑝
𝑏𝑏
𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 �0.79 − 0.00076 � � �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 � 𝑳𝑳𝒃𝒃 > 𝑳𝑳𝒓𝒓 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 ; 𝑭𝑭𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 =
𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 𝜋𝜋2 𝐸𝐸
�1 + 0.078 𝐽𝐽𝑐𝑐 𝐿𝐿
� 𝑏𝑏 �
2
2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 𝐿𝐿 2 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 ℎ0 𝑟𝑟𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
�𝑟𝑟 𝑏𝑏 �
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 170 𝑑𝑑 1690
Non > ; > ; 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 0.60𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
3. Cb (if not given)
Lb < Lc < Lu 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 0.66𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 12.5𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑪𝑪𝒃𝒃 = 𝑅𝑅𝑚𝑚 ≤ 3.0
Lb > Lu 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 0.60𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 2.5𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 +3𝑀𝑀𝐴𝐴 +4𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 +3𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶
𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 95
Lu > Lb > Lc < *Uniform Load only Cb = 1.14
2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
𝑏𝑏 *Uniform Load midspan bracing Cb = 1.30
𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 �0.79 − 0.00076 � � �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 �
2𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 *Point Load @ midspan Cb = 1.32
NOTE: 0.60Fy < Fb > 0.66Fy *Point Load & bracing @ midspan Cb = 1.67

2. Moment 𝑴𝑴 = 𝐹𝐹𝑏𝑏 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 4. Nominal Strength (Mn) (refer to #2)

𝑤𝑤𝐿𝐿2 𝑷𝑷𝐿𝐿
3. Point Load 𝑴𝑴 = + (Uniform+Point, Simply)
8 4
NOTE: Only applicable to SYMMETRICAL Beams. 2 PLASTIC DESIGN
Asymmetrical Beams require manual Moment. 𝑏𝑏ℎ 3
1. Moment of Inertia (I) 𝑰𝑰𝒙𝒙 = 12
𝐼𝐼
1.2 LATERALLY UNSUPPORTED BEAMS 2. Elastic Section Modulus (S) 𝑺𝑺 =
𝑦𝑦
1. Compactness (L, Lu, Lc) 3. Plastic Section Modulus (Z) 𝐙𝐙 = ∑ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
0.20𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 76𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 𝑍𝑍
𝑳𝑳𝒄𝒄 = (metric); 𝑳𝑳𝒄𝒄 = (feet); 4. Shape Factor* 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 =
�𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 �𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑆𝑆
139 20,000
𝑳𝑳𝒖𝒖 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑 (metric); 𝑳𝑳𝒖𝒖 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑 (feet)
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓 𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓
3 BEAM COLUMN
1. Service Loads
L < Lc 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 0.66𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 = 1.2𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 1.6𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 Vertical Load
L > Lc < Lu 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 0.60𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢1 = 1.2𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 1.6𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 Lesser Moment Load
3540𝑥𝑥103 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 𝑳𝑳 706𝑥𝑥103 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢2 = 1.2𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 1.6𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 Greater Moment Load
L > Lc > Lu (1) � > >�
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝒓𝒓𝑻𝑻 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
𝑳𝑳 2
2 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 � � 82700𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 2. Slenderness Ratio & Fe
𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = � − 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓
� 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣. 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
3 10.6𝑥𝑥106 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝐸𝐸 𝜋𝜋2 𝐸𝐸
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓 ; 𝐶𝐶𝑐𝑐 = 4.71� ; 𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 2
𝑟𝑟𝑦𝑦 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 � �
(choose greatest Fb, but 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 < 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚 ) 𝑟𝑟

3540𝑥𝑥103 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 𝑳𝑳 706𝑥𝑥103 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏

L > Lc > Lu (2) � < >� 3. Elastic Buckling
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝒓𝒓𝑻𝑻 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
1170𝑥𝑥103 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 82700𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 Inelastic Buckling (Short Column)
𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 𝐿𝐿 2
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣. 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 = 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
�𝑟𝑟 �
𝑇𝑇
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓 IF ≤ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 ; 𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒 ≥ 0.44𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 USE 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = �0.658 𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒 � 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
𝑟𝑟
(choose greatest Fb, but 𝑭𝑭𝒃𝒃 < 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝑭𝑭𝒚𝒚 )
Elastic Buckling (Long Column)
2. Radius of Gyration 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
IF > 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 ; 𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒 < 0.44𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 USE 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = 0.877𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒
1 𝑟𝑟
𝐼𝐼
2 𝑓𝑓
𝒓𝒓𝑻𝑻 = � 1
𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓 + 𝐴𝐴𝑤𝑤
6 4. Nominal Stress 𝑷𝑷𝒏𝒏 = 𝐹𝐹𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝑔𝑔
3. Moment & Point Load (Laterally Supported #2-3) 5. Axial Compression
Larger Axial Compression
(NSCP 2015) 𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃 8 𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀
IF ∅𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 ≥ 0.2 USE ∅𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 + (∅𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 + ∅𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 ) ≤ 1.0
1.1 DESIGN OF MEMBER FOR FLEXURAL 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 9 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
1. Compactness Smaller Axial Compression
𝑏𝑏𝑓𝑓 𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸 𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃 8 𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀
Flange 𝜆𝜆 = 2𝑡𝑡 ; 𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝 = 0.38� ; 𝜆𝜆𝑟𝑟 = 1.0� IF ∅𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 ≥ 0.2 USE ∅𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 + (∅𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 + ∅𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 ) ≤ 1.0
𝑓𝑓 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 9 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛

ℎ 𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸
Web 𝜆𝜆 = ; 𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝 = 3.76� ; 𝜆𝜆𝑟𝑟 = 5.70�
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 6. Moment Amplification (Pe, Cm, B1, Mu)
𝜆𝜆−𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝜋𝜋2 𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝑥𝑥 𝑀𝑀
𝝀𝝀𝒑𝒑 < 𝝀𝝀 < 𝝀𝝀𝒓𝒓 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝐶𝐶𝑏𝑏 �𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 − �𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 − 0.7𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑆𝑆𝑥𝑥 � �
𝜆𝜆𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 −𝜆𝜆𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
�� 𝑃𝑃𝑒𝑒 = (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘)2
; 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚 = 0.6 − 0.4 �𝑀𝑀1 �
2
𝝀𝝀 ≤ 𝝀𝝀𝒑𝒑 𝐍𝐍𝐍𝐍 BUCKLING; 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛 = 𝑀𝑀𝑝𝑝 = 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚
𝛽𝛽1 = → 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢 = 𝛽𝛽1 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 + 𝛽𝛽3 𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
1−�𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢�
𝑒𝑒
7. Lateral Torsional Buckling (Design of Member for 5 SHEAR STRESS IN BEAMS
Flexural - #2) 1. Height 𝒉𝒉 = 𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑘𝑘
2. Slenderness Ratio & Cv Classification
8. Mmax, MA, MB, MC Rolled I-shape
𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢1 +𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢2
𝑅𝑅 = [If no point load between beam] ℎ
≤ 2.24�
𝐸𝐸
THEN 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 = 1.0, ∅ = 1.0, Ω = 1.5
𝐿𝐿 IF
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
𝑀𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢1 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 [Single]
𝑀𝑀𝑥𝑥 = 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢1 − 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 [Reverse] Others (except round HSS)
ℎ 𝑘𝑘𝑣𝑣𝐸𝐸
𝐿𝐿 IF ≤ 1.10� THEN 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 = 1.0
𝑥𝑥 = ; 𝑀𝑀 = 1𝑥𝑥, 𝑀𝑀𝐵𝐵 = 2𝑥𝑥, 𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶 = 3𝑥𝑥, 𝑀𝑀𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 4𝑥𝑥 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
4 𝐴𝐴 ℎ 𝑘𝑘𝑣𝑣𝐸𝐸 1.51𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘𝑣𝑣
IF > 1.37� THEN 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 = ℎ 2
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 � � 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
9. Cb (Design of Member for Flexural - #3) 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤
𝑘𝑘 𝐸𝐸
1.10� 𝑣𝑣
𝑘𝑘𝑣𝑣𝐸𝐸 ℎ 𝑘𝑘𝑣𝑣𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
10. Nominal Load (Design of Member for Flexural - #2) IF 1.10� < ≤ 1.37� THEN 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 =
𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 ℎ/𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤

3. Web Plate Buckling Coefficient

11. Checking of Adequacy (refer to #5) ℎ
Unstiffened Web < 260 𝒌𝒌𝑽𝑽 = 5
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤
4 BIAXIAL BENDING & PURLINS ANALYSIS Except for Stem of Tee Shape 𝒌𝒌𝒗𝒗 = 1.2
1. Necessary details (∅ → s → Wp) 260 𝑎𝑎 5
𝐻𝐻
Stiffened Web ℎ < >3 𝒌𝒌𝒗𝒗 = 5 + ℎ 2
ℎ ( )
1
Theta 𝜃𝜃 = tan−1 � � 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤
𝑏𝑏
ℎ 4. Cv (refer to #1)
2
S 𝑠𝑠 =
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 5. Shear Strength
9.81
3
Wp 𝑊𝑊𝑝𝑝 = 𝜔𝜔 � � where 𝜔𝜔 = load 𝐴𝐴𝑤𝑤 = 𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤
1000
2. Service Loads 𝑽𝑽𝒏𝒏 = 0.60𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 𝐴𝐴𝑤𝑤 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣
1
Roof Cover 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔
2
Roof LL 𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝜔𝜔ℎ 6 BOLTED AND WELD CONNECTIONS
3
Dead Load 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝑊𝑊𝑝𝑝 + 𝑅𝑅𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
4
Live Load 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = 𝑅𝑅𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 BOLTED CONNECTION (Elastic Method)
5
Gravity Load 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 = 1.2𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + 1.2𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 1. Direct Shear
6
Wind load 𝑊𝑊𝐿𝐿 = 𝜔𝜔𝜔𝜔 𝐹𝐹𝑣𝑣 𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥
� 𝐹𝐹𝑣𝑣 = 0 → 𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑦𝑦 = ; � 𝐹𝐹ℎ = 0 → 𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 =
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛
3. Normal and Tangential Loads 2. Force due to Torsion (considering Critical Bolt)
1
Normal 𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 = 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 + 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑥𝑥 = ; 𝑃𝑃 =
2
Tangential 𝜔𝜔𝑡𝑡 = 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 ∑(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ) 𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦 ∑(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )
3. Force (P1)
𝐿𝐿 2 2
4. Design Moment �𝑙𝑙 = � 𝑃𝑃1 = ��𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝑥𝑥 + 𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑥𝑥 � + �𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷𝑦𝑦 + 𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦 �
𝑛𝑛
𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 𝐿𝐿2 𝜔𝜔𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙2 4. Diameter of Bolt
No sagrods 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = ; 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 =
8 8 𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 457 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 (For A325 Bolts)
𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 𝐿𝐿2 𝜔𝜔𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙 2 𝜋𝜋 2
Midspan 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = ; 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴𝑏𝑏 → 𝑃𝑃1 = 𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 � 𝒅𝒅 �
8 8 4
𝜔𝜔𝑛𝑛 𝐿𝐿2 𝜔𝜔𝑡𝑡 𝑙𝑙 2
Third Point 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = ; 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 =
8 10
WELDED CONNECTION
1. Location of Centroid of Welds
5. Nominal Moment (NSCP 2015, Lateral Buckling)
𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑇 𝑥𝑥̅ = � 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 ; 𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑇 𝑦𝑦� = � 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿
6. Checking of Adequacy 2. Force due to Torsion
𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
Applied thru Shear Center + ∅𝑀𝑀 ≤ 1.0 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 (𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑇 − 𝑥𝑥̅ )
∅𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛
3. Torsion Constant
𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑀𝑀𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
Not Applied + 𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ≤ 1.0 𝐿𝐿2
∅𝑀𝑀𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 ∅ 𝐽𝐽 = � �𝐿𝐿 � + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ��
2 12
4. Stress due to Direct Load
7. Design of Sag Rod (diameter) 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢
5 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷 =
Midspan 𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜔𝜔𝑡𝑡 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑇
8
11 5. Critical Corner
Third Point 𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝜔𝜔𝑡𝑡 𝐿𝐿 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇
30
𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑥𝑥 = ; 𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦 =
𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑔𝑔𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ∗ 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛. 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝐽𝐽 𝐽𝐽
𝜋𝜋 6. Critical Stress
𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑔𝑔𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = ∅𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 0.90 � 𝒅𝒅2 � 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦
4 2
𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶1 = �𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇2𝑥𝑥 + �𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦 + 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷 � 1st Portion (upper)
8. Design of Tie Rod 2
𝑇𝑇𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑔𝑔𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝜋𝜋 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶2 = �𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇2𝑥𝑥 + �𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑦𝑦 − 𝑃𝑃𝐷𝐷 � 2nd Portion (lower)
𝑇𝑇𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = → 𝑇𝑇𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = ∅𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 0.90 � 𝒅𝒅2 � 𝑓𝑓𝑦𝑦
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 4 (NOTE: Choose GREATEST Value)
7. Design of Weld
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 ≤ ∅𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 ≤ 0.75(𝐹𝐹𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝐴𝐴𝑣𝑣 )
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 ≤ 0.75[0.60𝐹𝐹𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡)]
𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 ≤ 0.75[0.60𝐹𝐹𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (0.707𝒘𝒘𝐿𝐿)]
where: 𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 = 𝑃𝑃𝑢𝑢 (PC = Greatest from #6)