General Intelligence and Logical Reasoning

Chapter – 3

SPACE VISUALISATION
3.1 Cube
❖ A cube is a three dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces.

Face

Edge

Corner
❖ A cube has 6 faces, 8 corners and 12 edges.

Edge of larger cube

→ Number of smaller cubes = (𝑛)3 Where, n Edge of smaller cube

Number of corner cubes (exist at each corner) = A = 8

→ Number of middle cubes (exist at middle of each edge) = B = 12 (n – 2)

→ Number of central cubes (exist at centre of each face) = C = 6 (𝑛 – 2)2
→ Number of nucleus cube/ Inner central cube (hidden and exist at centre of large cube)
= D = (𝑛 – 2)3
✓ Number of smaller cubes with 3 sides painted = Number of corner cubes
✓ Number of smaller cubes with 2 sides painted = Number of middle cubes
✓ Number of smaller cubes with 1 side painted = Number of central cubes
✓ Number of cubes with no side painted = Number of nucleus or Inner central cubes.

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3.2 Dice
❖ A dice is a three dimensional figure with 6 square faces.

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There are two types of dice.

3.2.1 Standard Dice

➢ In such type of dice, sum of digits/ dots on opposite sides is 7, and the sum of digits/
dots on adjacent sides is not equal to 7.

3.2.2 General Dice

➢ In this type of dice, sum of digits/ dots on opposite sides is not 7, But the sum of
digits/ dots on at least one pair of adjacent sides is equal to 7.

3.3 Methods to Find Digits/ Dots at opposite Faces of Dice

1) When a single position of a dice is given
➢ If only a single position of a dice is given in the question, the candidate is required
to find out whether the given dice is a standard dice or a general dice.

Example: here the sum of adjacent faces =

1
5
4

1 + 4 = 5, 4 + 5 = 9, 5 + 1 = 6 (not equal to 7)

Hence, it is a standard dice and we can say that the sum of opposite sides = 7

Therefore, 3 is opposite to 4. 2 is opposite to 5 and 6 is opposite to 1

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2) When two positions of a single dice are given
a) If digits in both positions are different

Example:
2 1
6 5
4 3

Here, 1 can be opposite to 2/4/6

2 can be opposite to 1/3/5
3 can be opposite to 2/4/6
4 can be opposite to 1/3/5
5 can be opposite to 2/4/6
6 can be opposite to 1/3/5
b) If one digit is common in both positions and the common digit is at the same
face
The digits on the other faces of one positions are opposite to the digits on the
corresponding faces of the other position, and the common digit will be opposite to
the invisible digit.
Example:
1 1
3 5
2 4

Therefore, 2 is opposite to 4. 3 is opposite to 5 and 1 is opposite to 6.

c) When the common digit is on different faces
When the common digit is on different faces, then list these digits in clockwise
direction starting from common digit and then compare them.

Example: 5
2
3 1
1 5

Here, 1 is common in both positions. So move in clockwise direction starting

from 1.
We get, 1 → 2 → 3
1→5→4

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 So, 3 is opposite to 4
2 is opposite to 5
and 1 is opposite to 6
d) When two digits are common
Example:
2 2
3 4 3
6

Here, uncommon digits in each dice are opposite for each other.

So, 4 is opposite to 6.

and 3/2 is opposite to 1/5.

3.4 Spread out Form of a Dice

➢ The spread out form of a dice is shown on the basis of the front side of the dice.
One can fold a dice in many ways, one of the pattern is given below.
Upper

Left Front Right

Lower
Back

Example 1:
A solid cube of 4 inches has been painted Red, Green and black on pair of opposite
faces. It has been cut into one inch cubes. How many cubes have only two faces
painted?

Solution:

Number of cubes having only two faces painted

= (n-2)  12 = 2  12
= 24 cubes

Ans:- 24 cubes

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Example 2:
A solid cube of 4 inches has been painted Red, Green and Black on pair of opposite
faces. It has been cut into one inch cubes. How many cubes have only one face painted
that too only Red?

Solution:

Total number of cubes painted one side

= (n-2)2 6 =24
Now, number of cubes painted only Red
24
= 3 = 8 cubes

Ans:- 8 cubes

Example 3:
In a solid cube which is made up of 27 small cubes, two opposite sides are painted Red,
two painted Yellow and the other two with white. How many cubes have two colours?

Solution:

Cubes having two colours

= (n-2) 2

= (3-2) 12

=12 cubes

Ans:- 12 cubes

Direction (4 and 5): Read the following information carefully to answer the questions that
follow.
A cuboid of dimensions (6cm4cm 1cm) is painted Black on both the surfaces of dimension
(4cm1cm), Green n the surfaces of dimensions (6cm1cm). Now, the block is divided into
various smaller cubes of side 1cm each. The smaller cubes, so obtained are separated.

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Example 4:
How many cubes will have atleast two colours?

Solution:

All the sixteen cubes there on the boundary of this block will have atleast two colours
only.

Ans:- 16

Example 5:
If cubes having only Black as well as Green colour are removed, then how many cubes
will be left?

Solution:

A total of sixteen cubes will be left, if cubes with Black as well as Green colours are
removed.

Ans:- 16

Example 6:
Two positions of a dice are shown below

Where the heart shape is at the top, what will be at the bottom?

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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Solution:

When the heart shape is at the top, then ( ) will be at bottom.

Ans:-

Example 7:
The cube given below has been painted by three different colours. The opposite
surfaces have been painted by the same colour. Next, the cube has been cut into 27
equal parts. Answer the following question on the basis of information so provided.

How many such small cubes will be there, whose only one surface is painted?

Solution:

Number of cubes having only one surface painted = (n-2)2 6

= (3-2)26 = 6 cubes

Ans:- 6

Example 8:
A solid cube is made using 64 small cubes. In how many small cubes, two sides are
seen?

Solution:

Number of cubes in which two sides are seen = (n-2) 12

= (4-2) 12 =24 cubes

Ans:- 24

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Example 9:
Wooden little cubes each with an edge of one inch are put together to form a solid cube
with an edge of three inches. This bid cube is then painted Red all over the outside.
When the big cube is broken –up into the original little ones, how many cubes will have
paint on two sides?

Solution:

Cube without paint = (n-2)3

= (3-2)3

=1

Ans:- 1

Example 10:
Three different positions of a dice are shown below. Which number appears on the face
opposite the number 6?

3 5 6
6 4 2
1 1 5

Solution:

From the positions of all the dice, it is clear that numbers adjacent to 6 are 2, 5, 1 and
3.

Hence, number ‘4’ will be at the face opposite to number 6.

Ans:- 4

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 SOLVED QUESTIONS
Question 1:
Count the number of blocks in the given figure.
a) 7
b) 11
c) 13
d) 15

Solution:

Number of blocks at the top = 3

Number of blocks at bottom = 4

Total blocks = 3 + 4 = 7

Ans:- (a) 7

Question 2:
A cube of 3cm side is divided into smaller cubes of side 1 cm. What will be the total
number of middle cubes?
a) 6
b) 12
c) 18
d) 24

Solution:

Number of middle cubes = 12 (n − 2)

3
= 12 (1 − 2) = 12 × 1 = 12

Ans:- (b) 12

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Question 3:
If a cube of 12 cm side is divided into smaller cubes of 3 cm side, then find the total
number of inner central cubes?
a) 18
b) 9
c) 8
d) 81
Solution:
Total number of inner central cubes
= (𝑛 − 2)3
12 3
= ( 3 − 2) = (2)3 = 8

Ans:- (c) 8
Question 4:
A cube having 24 cm side is divided into 64 smaller cubes of equal volume. Find the
edge of smaller cubes?
a) 5 cm
b) 6 cm
c) 3 cm
d) 4 cm
Solution:
We know that, Number of smaller cubes = 𝑛3 = 64
3
n = √64 =4
n = Edge of bigger cube
Edge of smaller cube
24
Edge of smaller cube = = 6 cm
4

Ans:- (b) 6 cm

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Directions (5 – 7) Read the given information carefully and answer the questions that
follow. All the surfaces of a cube of side 15cm are painted with red color and then it is cut
into smaller cubes of side 3 cm. The smaller cubes so obtained are separated.

Question 5:
How many smaller cubes are there having two surfaces painted with red colour?
a) 8
b) 24
c) 36
d) 54
Solution:

We know that

n = Side of bigger cube

Side of smaller cube

15
= =5
3

Smaller cubes having 2 surfaces painted

= Number of middle cubes

= 12 (n – 2)

= 12 ( 5 – 2) = 36

Ans:- (c) 36

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Question 6:
How many smaller cubes are there having only three surfaces painted with red
colour?
a) 8
b) 10
c) 32
d) 64

Solution:

Smaller cubes having 3 surfaces painted = Number of corner cubes =8

Ans:- (a) 8

Question 7:
How many smaller cubes are there having 4 or more faces painted with red colour?
a) 8
b) 0
c) 4
d) 2

Solution:

There is no such cube with 4 or more faces painted.

Ans:- (b) 0

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Question 8:
Find the digit at the face opposite to the face having digit 4 in the given dice.

a) 2
b) 6
c) 5
d) 3
Solution:
Here, the sum of adjacent faces
5+4=9;
5+1=6;
1+4=5 [not equal to 7]
Hence, it is a standard dice.
Now, in a standard dice, sum of opposite faces is 7
Hence, 4 is opposite to 3.
Ans:- (d) 3
Question 9:
Find the digit at the face opposite to the face having digit 2 in the dice given below.

a) 3, 4
b) 3, 5
c) 4, 5
d) 3, 4, 5
Solution:
Here, the sum of adjacent faces

2 + 1 = 3, 2 + 6 = 8, 1 + 6 = 7

Hence it is a general dice.

Digits at the opposite face of 2 = 3, 4 or 5.

Ans:- (d) 3, 4, 5

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Question 10:
Two positions of a dice are given. Based on them, find out which number is opposite
to number 4 in that dice?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Solution:

In the given two figures, two numbers are common, i.e. 3 and 6. So, remaining two
numbers are opposite to each other.

Hence , 2 is opposite to 4.

Ans:- (b) 2

Question 11:
Which number is on the face opposite to face having number 1?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5

Solution:

The numbers 2, 4, 5 and 6 are on the surfaces adjacent to 1.

Hence, 3 is opposite to 1.

Ans:- (b) 3

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Question 12:
From the given two positions of a single dice, find the digit at the face opposite to the
face having dice 2.
a) 4
b) 5
c) 3
d) 1

Solution:
In both the positions, 6 is common.

Moving in clockwise direction from 6, we get

6→2→3

6→1→4

Hence, 1 is opposite to 2.

Ans:- (d) 4

Question 13:
Which number is on the face opposite to face having number 3?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 6
Solution:
Figure (i) , (iii) and (iv) show that numbers 6, 1, 5 and 2 appears on the surfaces
adjacent to the number 3.

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 Hence, 4 will be opposite to number 3.

Ans:- (c) 4

Question 14:
From the given two positions of a single dice, find the letter at the face opposite to the
face having letter V.

a) S
b) U
c) J
d) I
Solution:

Here J is common in both the positions.

Hence, letter ‘S’ is at the face opposite to the face having letter ‘V’.

Ans:- (a) S

Question 15:
From the given four positions of a single dice, find the colour at the face opposite to
the face having green.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

a) Orange
b) Red
c) Silver
d) Violet
Solution:

From the given four positions of a single dice, faces adjacent to face having green
colour

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 = Orange, red, white, silver

Clearly, violet is opposite to green.

Ans:- (d) Violet

Question 16:
When the following figure is folded to form a dice, then which number will be opposite
to 5?
1
3 2
4
6 5

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Solution:

Taking 2 as front face, we get 1 as upper face and 4 as lower face. Similarly, 3 is left
face, 5 is right face and 6 is the back face.

Hence, 3 is opposite to 5.

Ans:- (c) 3

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Question 17:
Four positions of dice are given below. Which letter will be opposite to D?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

a) E
b) B
c) A
d) C
Solution:
Dice can be shown as,

D C A

So, from the unfolded dice, it is clear that the letter opposite to D is A.

Ans:- (c) A

Question 18:
When the following figure is folded to form a dice, then which number will be
opposite to 1?
5 3

2 6

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

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Solution:

Taking 1 as front face, 3 is upper face, 4 is lower face and 2 is back face.

Similarly, 5 is left face and 6 is right face.

Hence, 2 is opposite to 1.

Ans:- (b) 2

Question 19:
Choose the cube which will be formed on folding the question figure.
Question Figure

O
K
T L
M U

Answer Figures

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution:
The unfolded dice can be represented as
O
K
T L

M U

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Here, O and L are opposite, K and M are opposite and T and U are opposite.
In answer figure (b), K and M are shown figure (c), T and U are shown adjacent to each other
and in answer figure (d), O and L are shown adjacent to each other. According to the question
figure these are opposite to each other, so these alternatives are not possible. Only the cube
given in answer figure (a) can be formed because K, L and T can be on adjacent faces.
Ans:- (a)

Question 20:
According to given figure of dice, which option is correct?

Question Figure

1
6 2
3
4 5
Answer figure

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution:
As,
1
6 2
3
4 5
So,
O

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 In figure (a), 2 and 4, in figure (b) 6 and 5 and figure (d) 6 and 5 are shown adjacent
to each other. So, these dice are not possible.

Hence, only dice (c) can be formed.

Ans:- (c)

**************** Wish you all the Best ****************

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