Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet

Variables and Data Types

┣ String : Text data

┣ int : Whole numbers

┣ long : Larger whole numbers

┣ double : Decimal numbers

┣ float : Smaller decimal numbers

┣ boolean : True or False

┣ char : Single character

┣ byte : Small numbers (-128 to 127)

┗ Date : Date and time

Operators
┣ + : Addition

┣ - : Subtraction

┣ * : Multiplication

┣ / : Division

┣ ++ : Increment

┣ -- : Decrement

┣ && : And

┣ || : Or

┣ ! : Not

┣ < : Less than

┣ > : Greater than

┣ = <= : Less than or equal to

┗ = >= : Greater than or equal to

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Conditional Statements
┣ if : Execute code if a condition is true

┣ else : Execute code if the condition is false

┣ else if : Execute code if another condition is true

┣ switch : Execute code based on the value of a variable

┗ case : Define a case in a switch statement

Loops
┣ for : Execute code a fixed number of times

┣ while : Execute code while a condition is true

┣ do while : Execute code at least once, then while a condition is true

┗ break : Exit a loop

Arrays
┣ int[] myArray = new int[5]; : Declare an integer array

┣ String[] myArray = {"Apple", "Banana", "Orange"}; : Declare a string array

┣ myArray.length : Get the length of an array

┣ myArray[0] : Access the first element of an array

┗ myArray[0] = 10; : Set the first element of an array

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Classes and Objects
┣ public class MyClass {} : Declare a class

┣ public class MyClass extends MyParentClass {} : Inherit from a parent

class

┣ public static void main(String[] args) {} : Declare a main method

┣ private String name; : Declare a private instance variable

┣ public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } : Declare a public

method

┣ public String getName() { return this.name; } : Declare a method to get

the value of an instance variable.

┣ MyClass myObject = new MyClass(); : Create an object

┣ myObject.setName("John"); : Call a method on an object

┣ String name = myObject.getName(); : Get the value of an instance variable

┣ public static void myStaticMethod() {} : Declare a static method

┣ MyClass.myStaticMethod(); : Call a static method

┣ MyClass.myStaticVariable; : Access a static variable

┣ MyClass myObject = null; : Declare a null object

┗ System.out.println("Hello, World!"); : Print a message to the console

Inheritance and Polymorphism

┣ public class MyChildClass extends MyParentClass {} : Inherit from a parent
class

┣ super(); : Call a parent constructor

┣ @Override : Override a method from a parent class

┣ MyParentClass myObject = new MyChildClass(); : Create a child object and

assign it to a parent variable

┣ instanceof : Check if an object is an instance of a class

┗ MyInterface myObject = new MyImplementation(); : Implement an interface

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Interfaces
┣ public interface MyInterface {} : Declare an interface

┣ public class MyImplementation implements MyInterface {} : Implement an

interface

┣ public class MyImplementation extends MyParentClass implements MyInterface

{} : Implement an interface and inherit from a parent class

┗ @Override : Override a method from an interface

Exception Handling
┣ try {} : Try block

┣ catch (Exception e) {} : Catch block

┣ finally {} : Finally block

┣ throw new Exception("Something went wrong."); : Throw an exception

┗ throws Exception : Declare a method that can throw an exception

Generics
┣ ArrayList<String> myArrayList = new ArrayList<String>(); : Declare a
generic ArrayList

┣ public <T> T myMethod(T argument) {} : Declare a generic method

┗ public <T extends MyInterface> T myMethod(T argument) {} : Declare a

bounded generic method

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Streams
┣ List<String> myList = Arrays.asList("Apple", "Banana", "Orange"); : Create
a list

┣ .stream() : Create a stream

┣ .filter(s -> s.startsWith("A")) : Filter elements

┣ .map(s -> s.toUpperCase()) : Transform elements

┣ .count() : Get the number of elements

┣ .collect(Collectors.toList()) : Collect elements into a list

┗ int sum = myList.stream().mapToInt(Integer::parseInt).sum(); : Calculate

the sum of all elements in a list of integers.

File Input and Output

┣ import java.io.File;

┣ import java.io.FileWriter;

┣ import java.io.FileReader;

┣ import java.io.IOException;

┣ File file = new File("filename.txt"); : Create a file object

┣ FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("filename.txt"); : Create a file writer

┣ writer.write("Hello, World!"); : Write to a file

┣ writer.close(); : Close a file writer

┣ FileReader reader = new FileReader("filename.txt"); : Create a file reader

┣ int character = reader.read(); : Read a single character from a file

┣ char[] buffer = new char[1024]; : Create a character buffer

┣ int bytesRead = reader.read(buffer); : Read multiple characters from a file

┗ reader.close(); : Close a file reader

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Threads and Concurrency
┣ import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

┣ import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

┣ Runnable task = () -> { // Code to execute in the thread }; : Create a

runnable task

┣ ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5); : Create an

executor

┣ executor.submit(task); : Submit a task to the executor

┣ executor.shutdown(); : Shut down the executor

┗ Thread.sleep(1000); : Pause a thread for a specified number of milliseconds

Networking
┣ import java.net.Socket;

┣ import java.io.PrintWriter;

┣ import java.io.BufferedReader;

┣ import java.io.InputStreamReader;

┣ Socket socket = new Socket("hostname", portNumber); : Create a socket

┣ PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true); :

Create a print writer

┣ out.println("Hello, World!"); : Send data over the socket

┣ BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new

InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); : Create a buffered reader

┣ String data = in.readLine(); : Read data from the socket

┗ socket.close(); : Close the socket

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Collections
┣ import java.util.List;

┣ import java.util.ArrayList;

┣ import java.util.Map;

┣ import java.util.HashMap;

┣ import java.util.Set;

┣ import java.util.HashSet;

┣ List<String> myList = new ArrayList<>(); : Create a list

┣ myList.add("Apple"); : Add an element to a list

┣ String element = myList.get(0); : Get the element at index 0 from a list

of Strings.

┣ myList.set(0, "Orange"); : Set an element in a list

┣ myList.remove("Orange"); : Remove an element from a list

┣ int size = myList.size(); : Get the size of a list

┣ myList.addAll(anotherList); : Add elements from another list to a list

┣ Map<String, Integer> myMap = new HashMap<>(); : Create a map

┣ myMap.put("Apple", 1); : Add a key-value pair to a map

┣ int value = myMap.get("Apple"); : Get the value for a key in a map

┣ Set<String> mySet = new HashSet<>(); : Create a set

┣ mySet.add("Apple"); : Add an element to a set

┣ mySet.remove("Apple"); : Remove an element from a set

┗ int size = mySet.size(); : Get the size of a set

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Regular Expressions
┣ import java.util.regex.Matcher;

┣ import java.util.regex.Pattern;

┣ String regex = "pattern"; : Define a regular expression

┣ Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(regex); : Compile a regular expression

┣ Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher("text"); : Create a matcher

┣ boolean match = matcher.matches(); : Check if a string matches a regular

expression

┣ boolean find = matcher.find(); : Find the next occurrence of a regular

expression in a string

┣ String replace = matcher.replaceFirst("replacement"); : Replace the first

occurrence of a regular expression in a string

┗ String[] split = pattern.split("text"); : Split a string into an array of

substrings based on a regular expression

Serialization and Deserialization

┣ import java.io.Serializable;

┣ import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

┣ import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

┣ ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream); : Create an

object output stream

┣ ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(inputStream); : Create an

object input stream

┣ out.writeObject(myObject); : Serialize an object

┣ MyObject myObject = (MyObject) in.readObject(); : Deserialize an object

┗ class MyObject implements Serializable {} : Implement the Serializable

interface

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Advanced Concepts
┣ import java.lang.reflect.Method;

┣ import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;

┣ import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

┣ import java.util.concurrent.Future;

┣ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

┣ Reflection : Accessing and modifying objects at runtime

┣ Annotations : Adding metadata to classes, methods, and fields

┣ Callable and Future : Running tasks asynchronously and returning results

┣ Executors : Creating and managing thread pools

┗ Concurrency : Synchronization, locks, and atomic variables

Frameworks and Libraries

┣ Spring : A popular framework for building web applications and services

┣ Hibernate : A library for working with relational databases in Java

┣ Jackson : A library for working with JSON in Java

┣ Apache Commons : A collection of reusable Java components

┣ Guava : A library of core utilities and extensions to the Java collections

framework

┣ Log4j : A logging utility for Java applications

┣ JPA : The Java Persistence API for working with databases in Java

┣ Apache POI : A library for working with Microsoft Office documents in Java

┗ Apache Tomcat : A popular web server and servlet container for Java web
applications

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Design Patterns
┣ Adapter : Adapting an interface to work with a different interface

┣ Bridge : Separating an abstraction from its implementation

┣ Composite : Treating a group of objects as a single object

┣ Facade : Providing a simplified interface to a complex system

┣ Flyweight : Sharing objects to reduce memory usage

┣ Proxy : Providing a placeholder for another object

┣ Chain of Responsibility : Passing a request through a chain of objects

until it is handled

┣ Command : Encapsulating a request as an object

┣ Interpreter : Defining a language and interpreting expressions in that

language

┣ Iterator : Providing a way to traverse a collection of objects

┣ Mediator : Encapsulating communication between objects

┣ Memento : Capturing and restoring an object's internal state

┣ Observer : Notifying objects of changes in a subject

┣ State : Allowing an object to change its behavior based on its state

┣ Strategy : Defining a family of algorithms and selecting one at runtime

┣ Template Method : Defining a common structure for a task

┣ Visitor : Separating an algorithm from the objects it operates on

┗ Decorator : Adding functionality to an object dynamically

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 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Best Practices
┣ Use meaningful variable names

┣ Use comments to explain code

┣ Use appropriate data types for variables

┣ Avoid magic numbers in code

┣ Use try-with-resources for input/output streams

┣ Use generics to make code more flexible

┣ Use interfaces to define behavior

┣ Use access modifiers to control access to variables and methods

┣ Use exception handling to handle errors

┣ Use the factory method pattern to create objects

┣ Use the builder pattern to create complex objects

┣ Use the observer pattern to notify objects of changes

┣ Use the iterator pattern to traverse collections

┣ Use the singleton pattern to ensure only one instance of a class is

created

┣ Use the decorator pattern to add functionality to an object

┣ Use the strategy pattern to define different algorithms for a task

┣ Use the template method pattern to define a common structure for a task

┗ Use the command pattern to encapsulate a request as an object

By: Waleed Mousa

 Java Ultimate Cheat Sheet
Development Tools
┣ Eclipse : A popular Java IDE

┣ IntelliJ IDEA : Another popular Java IDE

┣ NetBeans : A third Java IDE option

┣ Maven : A build automation tool for Java projects

┣ Gradle : Another build automation tool for Java projects

┣ JUnit : A unit testing framework for Java

┗ Mockito : A mocking framework for Java unit tests

Resources
┣ Oracle Java Documentation : https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/

┣ Java Tutorials : https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/

┣ Java Programming Wikibook : https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Java_Programming

┣ Baeldung Java Tutorials : https://www.baeldung.com/java-tutorial

┣ Java Code Geeks Tutorials : https://www.javacodegeeks.com/tutorials/java-

tutorials/

┣ JavaWorld : https://www.javaworld.com/

┣ Stack Overflow : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/java

┗ Reddit /r/java : https://www.reddit.com/r/java/

By: Waleed Mousa