Usingfactor theorem, factorize each of the following polynomials :

1. x+6x+11x +6 2. x° +2x?-x-2
3. x-6x' +3x+ 10 4. x-7+9x' +7x -10
5. -2x3 -7x +8x+12 6. x4 +10x +35x+50x +24
7. 2x*-7x-13x+63x-45 8. 3x-x-3x+1
9. x-23x+142x -120 [NCERT] 10. y-7y +6
11. x-10x -53x 42 12. y'-2y'-29y-42
13. 2y°-5y-19y+ 42 14. x+ 13r +32x+20 [NCERT]
15. r'-3x-9x-5 [NCERT] 16. 2y° +y-2y-1 [NCERT]
17. x-2x-x+2
18. Factorize each of the following polynomials :
(1) x+ 13x²+31x 45 given that x +9 is a factor
(ü) 4x +20x +33x+18 given that 2x + 3 is a factor.
 neach of the following, usefactor theorem tofind whether polynomial g(x) is afactor of polymomiat
fx) or, not: (1-7)
1. f(x) = x -6x+ 11x -6; g(x) =X-3
f(x) = 3x + 17x +9x -7x - 10; g(*) = x+ 5
3. f(x) = r+3x* - x-3x +5x + 15, g(x) = x+3
4. f(r) = -6x, -19x +84, g(x) =X-7
5. f(x) = 3x +x- 20x +12, g(x) = 3x-2
6. f(x) = 2r°-9:x +x+12, g(x) =3-2x
7. f(x) = r -6x +11x -6, g(x) = x-3x +2
8. Show that (x -2),(x + 3) and (x 4) are factors of x*- 3x-10x + 24.
9. Show that (x + 4), (r- 3) and (x -7) are factorsof x - 6x -19x + 84.
10. For what value of ais (x -5) a factor of x -3x' + ax -10?
11. Find the value of asuch that (x 4) is a factor of 5x -7x - ax - 28.
12. Find the value of a, if x+2 is a factor of 4x* + 2x-31 +8x +5a.
13. Find the value of kif x-3 is afactor of kx-kx² +3kx-k.
14. Find the values ofaand b, if x² -4 is afactor of axt + 2r-3x +bx-4.
15. Find aand B, if x+ 1 and x +2 are factors of x° +3x- 2x + B.

16. Find the values of pand qso that x* + px + 2y -3x+ g is divisible by (* -1).
17. Find the values of a and b so that (+ 1) and (-1) are factors of
rt + ax-3x + 2x + b.
18. If x + ax - bx + 10 is divisible by x - 3x + 2, find the
values of a and b.
19. If both x+ 1and x- 1 are factors of ax+x- 2x + b, find the
values ofa and b.
20. What must be added to x° -3x - 12x + 19 so that
the result is exactly divisibly by
x +x-6?
 21, What must besubtracted from x -6x2 -15x+ 80 so that the
result is exactly divisible
by x +x - 12?
22. What must be added to 3x +x-22x + 9 so that the result is exactly div isible by
31 +7x -6?
23. If x -2is a factor of each of the following two polynomials, find the values of a in
each case
(i) x-2ax² + ax-1 (ii) x-3x* - ax +3ax + 2ax +4
24. In each of the following two polynomials, find the value of a, if x-a is afactor:
(i) 6-ax5 + x - ax + 3x -a+2 (ii) 5ax +2x +a+1
25. In each of the following two polynomials, find the value of a, if x + a is a factor.
(i) r+ ax' -2x +a+4 (ü) 4 -a'x +3x a
In each of the following, using the remainder theorem,find the remainder when f(x) isEXERCISE 6.3
divided by g(r)
and verify the result by actual division: (1-8)
1. f(x) = x + 4x-3x +10, g(x) = X+4
2. f(x) =4x* - 3x° - 2x + x-7, g(x) = x-1
3. f(x)= 2x* -6x° +2x-x+2, g(x) =x+2
4. f(x) =4x° -12x + 14x 3, g(x) = 2x-1
5. f(x) = -6x + 2x4, g(x) =1-2x
6. f(*)=x-3x + 4, g(x) = x-2
2
7. f(x) =9x° - 3x+x-5, g(x) =x 3

2 2
8. f(x) =3x4 +2s 3 9 27
g1)= x+
3

9. Ifthe polynomials 2x° +ax?+3* 5 and x +*- 4x +a leavethe same remainder

when divided by x-2, find the value of a.
10. The polynomials ax+ 3x -3and 2x - 5x + a when divided by (x 4) leave the
remainders Rand R, respectively. Find the values of a in each of the following cases, if
(i) R, = R, (ü) R + R, =0 (iüi) 2R, R, = 0.
11. Ifthe polynomials ax +3x? -13 and 2x - 5x +a, when divided by (x -2) leave the
same remainder, find the value of a.

12. Find the remainder when x+3*2+3x+1 is divided by

1 [NCERT]
(i) x+1 (iii) x (iv) x+T (v) 5+ 2x
2
 EXERCISE 6.2
1. If f()=2x° -13r'+17x+12, find (i) f(2) (i) f(-3) (iiü) f(0)
2. Verify whether the indicated numbers are zeros of the
them in the following cases: polynomials corresponding to
[NCERT]
(i) f(x) = 3x +1, x= 1
3 (ii) f(x) =-1, x =1, -1
2 2
(iii) g(x) = 3r-2, x = (iv) p(x) =x-6x+11x-6, x=1, 2, 3

(v) f()=5r-7, x= 5 (vi) f(x) =x,x=0

(vii) f(r) = lx+ n, x=-* (viiü) f(x) =2x+1, x=*
1
2
3. Ifx= 2 is a root of the polynomial f (x) =
2x²-3x+7a, find the value of a.
1
4. If x=- is a zero of the polynomial p(x) =
2 8x-ax*X+2, find the value of a.
5. If x =0and x = -l are the roots of the polynomial
of aandb.
f(x)= 2x°-3x+ ax +b, find the value
6. Find the integral roots of the polynomial f (x) =x +6x' +11x +6.
7. Find rational roots of the polynomial f (x) = 2x° +x-7x-6.
 EXEHCISE 6.
1, Which of the following expressions are polynomials in one variable and which are not
State reasons for your answer:
(i) 3x- 4x + 15 (ii) y+2/3 [NCERT]
(iii) 3/x + 2x (NCERTI (iv) x-4 (v) x212 + y +t50 [NCERT]
2. Write the coefficient of x in each of the following:
() 17 - 2x +7x (ii) 9- 12x + x
(iü) - 3x +4
+ 4 [NCERT] (iv) V3* -7
6
FACT

a Write the degrees of each of the following polynomials:

(i) 73
7x+4r'-3x + 12 (ii) 12x+ 2x (ii) 5y - 2
(iv) 7 (v) 0
4,4. Classify the following polynomials as linear, quadratic, cubic and biquadratic
polynomials:
() x+x +4 (ii) 3x-2 (iii) 2x+x2 [NCERT
(iv) 3y (v) +1 (vi) ZE
7 +4° +3t -2
5. Classify the following polynomials as polynomials in one-variable, two variables etc.:
() *-xy+7y' (iü) -2tx +7 -x+t
(ii) - 3 + 4t -5 (iv) xy + yz+ zx
6. Identify polynomials in the following:
@) f(x) =4*-*-3x+7 (ü) g(z) = 2x -3x2 + S-1
7 4
(i) p(r)=-*+9
3 4
(iv) q(x) = 2r - 3x ++2
3
3
(v) h(x) =x-x2 +x-1 (vi) f(x)= 2++4x
7. Identify constant, linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials from the following
polynomials:
() fr) = 0 (ü) g(x) = 2x -7x+4
1
(üi) h(z) =-3x +2 (iv) plx) =2x'-*+4
(v) q(x) = 4x+3 (vi) r(x) = 3x + 4r' +5x-7
8. Give one example each of abinomial of degree 35, and of a monomial of degree 100.
[NCERT)
 Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:
1. If x-2 is a factor of x+3ax-2a, then a=
(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 1 (d) -1
2. If x° +6x +4x+k is exactly divisible by x +2, then k=
(a) -6 (b) -7 (c) -8 (d) -10
3. If x-a is a factor of x-3x'a+2ax+b, then the valueof b is
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
4. If x+2x+k is divisible by x+1, then the value of k is
(a) 1 (b) -3 (c) 2 (d) -2
5. If x+2 and x-1 are the factors of x +10x + mx+n, then the values of m and nare
respectively
(a) 5 and -3 (b) 17 and -8 (c) 7 and - 18 (d) 23 and -19

6. Let f(r) bea polynomial such that then a factor of f(x) is

(a) 2x-1 (b) 2x+1 (c) x-1 (d) x+1
7. When x-2x+ ax-b is divided by x²-2x-3,the remainder is x-6. The valuesof
aand b are respectively
(a) -2,-6 (b) 2 and -6 (c) -2 and 6 (d) 2 and 6
8. One factor of x*+x-20 is x+5. The other factor is
(a) x²-4 (b) x-4 (c) x-5 (d) x+2
9. If(x-1) is a factor of polynomial f(r) butnot of g(x), then it must be a factor of
(a) f(x) g(x) (b) -f(x)+g(x) () f(x)-g(x) (a) f(*) +g (r)} g (*)
10. (x+1) is a factor of x" +1only if
(a) n is an odd integer (b) n is an even integer
(c) nis a negative integer (d) n is a positive integer
11. If x+2 is a factor of x+ mx +14, then m=
(a) 7 (b) 2 (©) 9 (d) 14
12. If x-3 is a factor of x-ax-15, then a =
(a) -2 (b) 5 (c) -5 (d) 3
13. If x +x+1 is a factor ofthe polynomial 3x +8x +8x +3+5k, then the value of k is
(a) 0 (b) 2/5 (c) 5/2 (d) -1
14. If (3x-1) =a,x' ta,x° +a_x° +.+a,x+ a, then a, +a, tast+a t a =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 128 (d) 64
15. If x+51 is divided by x+1, the remainder is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 49 (d) 50
16. If x +1 is afactor of the polynomial 2x + kx, then k=
(a) -2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 2
17. If x+a is afactor of x*- ax + 3x - 6a, then a =
(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 2
18. The value of k for which x-1 is afactor of 4x + 312 - 4x+k, is
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) -2 (d) -3
1
19. If both x -2 and x are factors of px +5x + r, then
2
(a) p =r (b) p+r=0 (c) 2p +r=0 (d) p+2r = 0
+ cx' + dx +e, then
20. If y2 -1 is afactor of ax + bx +
(a) a+c+e=b+d (b) a+ b+e =c+d (c) a+b+c=d+e (d) b+c+d=ate
 MCQs
Mark the correct alternative in each of the following:
1, The factors of a-1-2x-x are
(a) (a-*+1) (a- x-1) (b) (a+x-1) (ax+1)
(c) (a+x+1)(a-x-1) (d) none of these
2. The factors of x*+x+25 are
(a) (x+3x+5) (*-3x+5) (b) (x²+ 3x+5) (x²+3x-5)
(c) (r' +x+5) (*²-x+5) (d) none of these
3. The factors of x+4y +4y4xy-2x-8 are
(a) (x-2y -4) (x-2y +2) (b) (x-y +2) (x-4y - 4)
(c) (x+2y -4) (x +2y +2) (d) none of these
4. The factors of r-y-y +y are
 FACTORIZATION OF ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS 5.25

(a) (x+y) (r-xy +y') (6) (x+y)(r²+ xy+y')

(c) (x+y) (x-y) (d) (r-y (x+y)
5. The factors of x-1+y' +3ry are
(a) (r-1+y) (x* +1+y'+x+y-y) (b) (x+y+1) (* +y' +1-xy-*-y)
() (x-1+ v) (r²-1-y'+x+y+xy) (a) 3(x+y-1) (*+y' -1)
6. The factorsof 8a° +b -6ab+1 are

(a) (2a+b-1)(4a +b +1-3ab-2a) (b) (2a-b+1)(4a +b² -4ab +1-2a+b)

() (2a+b+1) (4a' +b²+1-2ab -b-2a) (d) (2a1+b) (4a +1-4a-b-2ab)
7. (x+y) -(*-y) can be factorized as
(a) 2y (3a +y') (6) 2x(3r+y') (c) 2y (3y +) (d) 2x(x²+3y')
8. The factors ofx-7x+6 are
(a) x (x-6) (*-1) (b) (*-6) (x-1)
(c) (r+1) (x+2) (x-3) (d) (x-1) (r+3)(x-2)
9. The expression (a-b)° +(b-c +(c-a) can be factorized as
(a) (a-b) (6-c) (C-a) (b) 3(a-b) (b-c) (c --a)
(c) -3(a-b) (b-c) (C-a) (d) (a+b+c) (a +b² +c-ab-bc-ca)

10. The expression r*+4 can be factorized as

(a) (x'+2x+2) (*-2r +2) (b) (x*+2x+2)(**+2x-2)
(c) (r-2x-2)(*-2x +2) (a) (a'+2)(-2)
(x-b) (x-c) is
11. If 3x=a+b+c, then the valueof (x-a)° +(x-b) +(*-c) -3 (x-a)
(b) (a-b) (b-c) (c-a)
(a) a+b+c
(d) none of these
(c) 0
12. If (* +y)-(r-y)-6y(r -y) =ky', then k= (d) 8
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4

13. If x*-3x+3x-7=(x+1)(ax' +bx+c), then a+b+c=

(a) 4 (b) 12 (c) - 10 (d) 3
(2.3) -0.027
14. The value of (2.3) +0.69 +0.09 is
(b)3 (c) 2.327 (d) 2.273
(a) 2
 (0.013)+(0.007)
15. The value of is
(0.013) -0.013x0.007 +(0.007)
(a) 0.006 (b) 0.02 (c) 0.0091 (d) 0.00185
Factorize each of the followingexpressions :
1. a3
a + 8,3 + 643 24abc 2. x-8y +27z' + 18xyz
1
3. 27x -y--9xyz NCERT] 4.
27
r-y+1252° +5xyz
5. 8y + 27y -216z + 108xyz 6. 125 +8x*-27y +90xy
7. (3x 2y)° +(2y -4z) +(4z- 3x)³
8. (2x -3y) +(4z -2x)° +(3y -4z)°
3 3 3
2y 5x 4z
»(-(-
9.tyt
2
+
3 3 6 3 3

10. (a3b) +(36 -c) +(c-a) 11. 2/2 +3/3b³ +c-3/6abc

12. 33a --5/5c-3V15abc 13. 8x - 125y + 180xy + 216
14. 2/2a +16/26+-12abc
15. Find the value of x + y'-12xy + 64,
when x+y= -4
16. Multiply:
() +y' +z-ry + xz +yz by x+y - Z
(i) + 4y +z + 2xy + xz-2yz by x - 2y -z
(iii) 2x + 4y + 2xy - 3x +6y +9 by x-2y +3
(iv) 9x² + 25y + 15xy + 12x - 20y + 16 by 3x-5y +4
 EXER
Factorize:
1. 64a + 125 + 240ab + 300ab² 2. 125x - 27y-- 225xy +135ry²
8 4
3.
27
+1++
3
2x 4. 8r +27y+36xy +54xy
5. a -3a'b + 3ab? - +8 6. * + 8y +6x?y +12xy²
*°+
7. 8x +y+12xy +6xy' 8, 84 + 27b +36ab + 54ab?
9. 84 - 27b - 36a'b + 54ab' 10. *-12x(* - 4) - 64
11. a°x-3abx' + 3ab²x --3
b
Factorize each of the following expressions:
1. p°+ 27 2. y+ 125 3. 1-2743

4. 8x°y + 274 5. 644-3 6.

216
-8y
7. 10x*y-10xy* 8. 54xy+ 2x°y 9. 32a +108b3
 10. (a- 2b) 51263 11. (a + b)° - 8(a - b)° 12. (x+2) + (*-2)°
13. 8xy - 5 14. 1029 - 313 15. x + yo
16. r°y+1 17. x*y - xy 18. 12
a2 + h12

19. x° + 6x + 12x + 16 20. a + b + a +b 21. a- 1 - 2a + 2

22. a+
a + 3a?b + 3ab² + b - 8 23. 8a-b - 4ax+ 2bx
24. Simplify:
173x 173× 173+ 127 x 127 x 127 155 x 155 × 155 - 55× 55x 55
(i) 173 x 173 - 173x 127 + 127x 127 (ii) 155 x 155 + 155x 55 + 55x 55

1.2× 1.2x1.2 -0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2

(iü) 1.2x 1.2+ 1.2xx0.2 + 0.2 x 0.2
Factorize:
EXERCISE 5.1
1. x +x- 3x-3 2. ala+b)³ 3ab(a + b)
3. x(r-y')+3xy(x-y) 4. a'x'+ (ax' + 1)x + a
5. x + y- Xy -X 6. *-2x'y + 3xy - 6y°
7. 6ab - b + 12ac - 2bc 1
8. + -4
-+6
9. x(x -2)(x 4) + 4x -8 10. (x + 2)(x + 25) - 10x - 20x
11. 2a +2/6 ab + 362
12. (a -b+ c) + (b-c+ a) + 2(a -b + c)(b -c+a)
13. a + b + 2(ab + bc + ca)
14. 4(x -y-12(r- y)(x + y)+ 9(x + y)
15. a' - b² + 2bc -c? 16. a + 2ab +b-c2
17. a' + 4b - 4ab - 4c 18. xy-yx
19. x +x+y 20. *-y - 4xz +422
21. x +6v2 x+ 10 22. x - 2/2 x-30
23. r - J3x-6 24. x* +5/5x + 30
5 1
25. r² + 2/3x-24 26. 2r² -x+
6 12
1
3 51
12
27. x+ 35 28. 21x-2x+
21
29. 5/5x + 20x + 3/5 30. 2x +3/5x+ 5
31. 9(20 - b - 4 (24 - b) 13 32. 7(x- 2y)- 25 (x-2y) +12
33, 2(x + y -9(x + y) -5
34. Give possible expressions for the length and breadth of the rectangle having
35y + 13s - 12 as its area.
35, What are the possible expressions for the dimensions of the cuboid whose volume is
3x-12x.