David Mboya EEEQ/00505/2018

Ronald Gitonga

Daniel Mbugua

Bachelor of Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Embedded Systems

IoT Based Waste Management and Smart Cities

 Introduction

Our waste generation is constantly growing to form a global garbage crisis. Even though we

compromise on creating a more sustainable and green world with 2050 climate targets before too

late, we still fail to recycle or handle our waste generation. Combining technology support with a

vision of social, economic and environmental sustainability is the only way out of this problem.

In our system, the Smart dustbins are connected to the internet to get the real time information of

the smart dustbins. In the recent years, there was a rapid growth in population which leads to

more waste disposal. So a proper waste management system is necessary to avoid spreading

some deadly diseases. Managing the smart bins by monitoring the status of it and accordingly

taking the decision. There are number of dustbins are located throughout the city or the Campus

(Educational Institutions, Companies, Hospitals etc.). The aim of the mission is to cover all the

rural and urban areas of the country to present this country as an ideal country before the world.

With the proliferation of Mobile network devices such as smart phones, sensors, cameras. It is

possible to collect massive amount of garbage. In metropolitan cities it is not possible to check

each and every place where the garbage dump yard is full or not. So we have introduced a new

concept using ultrasonic sensor. This is a sensor which intimates about the load placed on it. So

that the garbage can also be checked in this way. Many times, in our city we see that the garbage

bins or dustbins placed at public places are overloaded. It creates unhygienic conditions for

people as well as ugliness to that place leaving bad smell. To avoid all such situations we are

going to implement a project called IoT Based Smart Garbage and Waste Collection bins. This

system also helps to monitor the fake reports and hence can reduce the corruption in the overall

management system. If the dustbin is not cleaned in specific time, then the record is sent to the

higher authority who can take appropriate action against the concerned contractor. This reduces
the total number of trips of garbage collection vehicle and hence reduces the overall expenditure

associated with the garbage collection. It ultimate helps to keep cleanness in the society.

Therefore, the smart garbage management system makes the garbage collection more efficient

the use of solar panels in such systems may reduce the energy consumption. These dust bin

model can be applied to any of the smart cities around the world. A waste collecting and

monitoring team which is deployed for collection of garbage from the city can be guided in a

well manner for collection.

 Literature Review

How Can Your Waste Operations Benefit from IoT?

IoT-based waste management for smart cities has various examples around the world. These

systems not only offer optimization for your operational plans but can also help reduce extra

spending and ensure a more intelligent budget. In addition, they set an example for eco-friendly

waste management, and the new resources created by advanced recycling practices make an

important contribution to the circular economy. Overall, smart waste management using IoT can

catch:

 An operational standard and less managerial time

 Wisely use of scarce resources

 Maximum revenue generation

Waste Bin Sensors

Waste bins are one of the essential components of waste management operations because they

start the cycle of waste operations. IoT-based smart sensors help you utilize smart bin sensor

technology from the beginning. One of the best types of smart bin sensors, the Fill Level Sensor,

supported by IoT technology, you can:

 Track the location with real-time data

 View fullness levels for creating daily optimized routes for collection

 Monitor the temperature of your smart bins

 Get instant alerts in case of emergencies

This way, you can reduce the number of missing containers with location tracking and reach

advanced inventory management. Monitoring the temperatures will help prevent unwanted

accidents like explosions and fires. Viewing the fullness levels will be one of the critical

components of multi stop route optimization system.

Sensor Based Waste Collection Bins is used to identify status of waste bins if it is empty or filled

so as to customize the waste collection schedule accordingly and also save the cost. Real time

waste management system by using smart dustbins to check the fill level of dustbins whether the

dustbins are full or not, through this system the information of all smart dustbins can be accessed

from anywhere and anytime by the concern person. It will inform the status of each and every

dustbin in real time so that concerned authority can send the garbage collection vehicle only

when the dustbin is full. By implementing this system resource optimization, cost reduction,

effective usage of smart dustbins can be done. Provide basic infrastructure, Quality of life, Clean

and sustainable environment. Apply Smart Solutions. Set examples to be replicated both within

and outside the Smart City and catalyze the creation of similar Smart Cities.

Dumpster Rental

Dumpster rental technology is an excellent example of an IoT-based waste management solution.

Similar to smart bin sensors, it can use a sensor system to track and plan the special and mostly

on-demand garbage collection operations.

Fleet Management and the Internet of Things (IoT)

With IoT, fleet operations can reach their most productive level. Evreka’s Fleet Management

Software is a fantastic example of IoT-supported Fleet Management Solutions. Moreover, this

system will create an organized environment for managers and employees.

The Fleet Management Software can create a route plan to reduce expenses spent on operations

thanks to the data of smart bin sensors. Also, drivers operate in a planned and ecofriendly route

while managers can monitor with a live map. Besides, managers can make the necessary changes

for the fleet and conduct performance analysis with customizable reports and historical data.

Thanks to the integration between the Fill Level Sensor and Evreka Fleet Management Solution,

there are no missed bins during waste collection. Most importantly, the best Route Optimization

software creates safety precautions because managers will know if the trucks are in residential

areas and create a safer route accordingly.

IoT and RFID Technology

Is RFID part of IoT is one of the main questions discussed in waste management. The answer is

yes for RFID Tags and RFID Readers. But how are RFID and IoT linked? The RFID Readers in

waste collection trucks and the active RFID tags in waste bins facilitate whole operations. With

RFID solutions, managers can create and track tasks and monitor the location of vehicles and

containers. Also, the collected and stored data will benefit the reporting processes for the

operation owners.

Evreka Vehicle RFID reader contains RFID tags, and RFID readers have a cloud-based

integration system that stores the collected data. For sure, the best waste management software is

the all-in-one IoT technology-supported ones, that is, Evreka.

To wrap up, Evreka can transform waste management operations to unprecedented levels with

IoT technology. With the IoT based waste management for smart city, you can quickly achieve

operational excellence. Utilizing above mentioned solutions in your operations will boost your

revenue and bring your business to a respected place. But technology alone is not enough for
gaining respect. When IoT and smart city are not combined with the sustainability vision, it may

not produce the desired result. In today’s crisis-filled world, you need a partner who acts by

adding the vision of sustainability to cutting-edge solutions, namely Evreka.

 Methodology

System Design

TRANSMITTER UNIT

BUZZER

Gas
Sensor Arduino
UNO

SPI UART

RECEIVER UNIT

WEB
APPLICATIO WEB RESULTS
N PAGE

The ultrasonic sensor uses fullness of the smart bin. A Gas sensor node is installed in every

Smart bin. The Gas sensor will detect hazardous gases on the dustbin due to some chemical

waste and bio-waste. The Ethernet shield will be used to update the status of the bin whether it is

having hazardous gas or not. The buzzer which gives alert when there is any hazardous gas from

the smart bin. Smart bin providers are able to identify and decide whether a particular area needs
extra litter bins to be placed nearby or removal and relocate existing litter bins to other places

where they are needed.

Data collecting

Sensor technology can enhance this process in many ways. The data gathered is converted to a

digital form and is processed at high speed. The data is subsequently retrieved from the objects

by using the sensors. Ultrasonic Sensor is a sensor which intimates about the load placed on it.

So that the garbage can also be checked in this way. Gas sensor sense the change in the exhaust

smell and smoke and that signal is in analog form. As microcontroller has in build ADC, it will

convert that signal in digital form and proceed further. Gas sensor is used to recognize amount of

fire emitted smoke.

Data receiving

The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) bus is a synchronous serial communication interface

specification used for short distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. An

Arduino is actually a microcontroller based kit which is basically used in communications and in

controlling or operating many devices. The Arduino Ethernet Shield R3 (assembled) allows an

Arduino board to connect to the internet. It is based on the Wiz net W5100 Ethernet chip

(datasheet).The processed data is sent to SERVER via Ethernet Accordingly, real-time data can

be stored and monitored at Cloud servers.

Data processing

Processing of bio-signals includes pre-processing to eliminate noise from signals and extract

useful features for further interpretation. A buzzer is a mechanical, electromechanical, magnetic,

electromagnetic, electro-acoustic or piezoelectric audio signaling device.

Output

Concisely, a web server is run at the gateway for hosting a web-page which is user-friendly and

able to represent both raw and processed data in text and graphical forms. The web-page

provides functions such as a log-in form with a username and a password, or a searching tool.

Home page output

SMS Output
 Conclusion

Monitoring the fullness of bins through the use of sensors, it is possible to achieve a more

efficient system than the current existing. Our idea of “Smart waste management system”,

mainly concentrates on Monitoring the waste management, providing a smart technology for

waste system, avoiding human intervention, reducing human time and effort and which results in

healthy and waste ridden environment. The system is designed to collect data and to deliver the

data through wireless mesh network. The system also employs duty cycle technique to reduce

power consumption and to maximize operational time. The Smart bin system was tested in an

outdoor environment. In our system, the Smart dustbins are connected to the internet to get the

real time information of the smart dustbins.

 References

SSRG International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (SSRG-IJCSE) – Special

Issue ICETSST – April 2018; www.internationaljournalssrg.org

T. Anagnostopoulos, A. Zaslavsky, “Robust Waste Collection exploiting Cost Efficiency of IoT

potentiality in Smart Cities”, IEEE 1st International Conference on Recent Advances in

Internet of Things (RIoT), 2015

T. Gomes, N. Brito, J. Mendes, J. Cabral, and A. Tavares, “WECO: A wireless platform for

monitoring recycling point spots”, IEEE 16th Mediterranean Electro technical

Conference (MELECON), 2012

F. Reverter, M. Gasulla, and R. Pallas-Areny, “Capacitive level sensing for solid-waste

collection”, In the Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Sensors, vol. 1, 2003

H. Lingling, L. Haifeng, X. Xu, and L. Jian, “An Intelligent Vehicle Monitoring System Based

on Internet of Things”, IEEE 7th International Conference on Computational Intelligence

and Security (CIS), 2011