Lab Hesss Law Mgo

Lab: Determining the Heat of Combustion of Magnesium
In class, you learned about the additivity of reaction heats or Hess’s Law. In this experiment, you
will use this principle as you determine a heat of reaction that would be difficult to obtain by
direct measurement—the heat of combustion of magnesium ribbon. The reaction is represented
by the equation
(4) Mg(s) + 1/2 O2(g) 
 MgO(s) ΔH =?
This equation can be obtained by combining equations (1), (2), and (3):
(1) MgO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) 
 MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH = ?
(2) Mg (s) + 2 HCl(aq) 

 MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) ΔH = ?
(3) H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) 

 H2O(l) ΔH = –285.8 kJ/molrxn
You will combine equations (1), (2), and (3) to obtain equation (4). Heats of reaction for
equations (1) and (2) will be determined in this experiment. As you may already know, H for
reaction (3) is -285.8 kJ.
MATERIALS
 LabQuest  100 mL graduated cylinder
 Temperature Probe  250-mL beaker
 1.00 M HCl  2 Styrofoam cups
 Magnesium oxide, MgO(s)  Balance
 Magnesium ribbon, Mg(s)
PROCEDURE
1. Obtain and wear safety glasses, apron, and gloves.
2. Turn on LabQuest and connect the temperature probe.

Reaction 1
3. Assemble the polystyrene calorimeter. Place one Styrofoam cup into the other Styrofoam
cup. Place the cups into a 250-mL beaker for stability.
4. Measure out 50.0 mL of 1.00 M HCl into Styrofoam cup. CAUTION: Handle the HCl
solution with care. It can cause painful burns if it comes in contact with the skin.
5. Place the Temperature Probe into the solution in the Styrofoam cup. Record the initial
temperature of the solution.
6. Weigh out about 0.50 g of magnesium oxide, MgO, into an evaporating dish. Record the
exact mass used in your data table. CAUTION: Avoid inhaling magnesium oxide dust.
7. Add the white magnesium oxide powder to the solution. Use the temperature probe to stir the
cup contents until a maximum temperature has been reached and the temperature starts to
drop. Record the highest temperature obtained.
8. Discard the waste into the designated WASTE CONTAINER.
Reaction 2
9. Repeat Steps 3-8 using about 0.15 g of magnesium ribbon rather than magnesium oxide
powder. Be sure to record the measured mass of the magnesium. CAUTION: Do not breathe
the vapors produced in the reaction!
DATA TABLE
Reaction 1 Reaction 2
(MgO) (Mg)
1. Mass of solid g g
2. Volume of 1.00 M HCl mL mL

3. Initial temperature, T1 °C °C
4. Maximum temperature, T2 °C °C
DATA ANALYSIS
Reaction 1 MgO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) 

 MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) ΔH = ?
1. Calculate the heat flow of the system, qsys, in kilojoules. Specific heat of the solution is 4.184
J/g°C. The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.
2. Determine the limiting reactant. Justify your answer with a calculation.
3. Calculate the heat of the reaction, ΔH, in kJ/molrxn.

Reaction 2 Mg (s) + 2 HCl(aq) 
 MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) ΔH = ?
4. Calculate the heat flow of the system, qsys, in kilojoules. Specific heat of the solution is 4.184
J/g°C. The density of the solution is 1.00 g/mL.
5. Determine the limiting reactant. Justify your answer with a calculation.
6. Calculate the heat of the reaction, ΔH, in kJ/molrxn.
Reaction 3 H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) 

 H2O(l) ΔH = –285.8 kJ/molrxn
This reaction is too dangerous to perform in class. We will use the accepted ΔH value above. No
calculations needed for Reaction 3.
Reaction 4 Mg(s) + 1/2 O2(g) 

 MgO(s) ΔH =?
7. Using your experimental ΔH values for Reactions 1 and 2 and the given ΔH for Reaction 3,
calculate ΔH, in kJ/molrxn, for Reaction 4: the combustion of magnesium.
8. The accepted ΔH value for Reaction 4 (the combustion of magnesium) is –602 kJ/molrxn.
Calculate the percent error.
9. For Reaction 1, if 0.25 g of MgO were used instead of 0.50 g then predict the value of ΔT for the
reaction. Justify your answer with either a calculation or explanation.
10. For Reaction 2, if 0.30 g of Mg ribbon were used instead of 0.15 g Mg and 150. mL of 1.00 M HCl
instead of 50.0 mL 1.00 M HCl then would ΔH for Reaction 2 be greater than, less than, or equal
to the value calculated in Question 6? Explain your reasoning.

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Lab: Determining the Heat of Combustion of Magnesium

(2) Mg (s) + 2 HCl(aq) 

(3) H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) 

2. Turn on LabQuest and connect the temperature probe.

2. Volume of 1.00 M HCl mL mL

Reaction 1 MgO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) 

2. Determine the limiting reactant. Justify your answer with a calculation.

3. Calculate the heat of the reaction, ΔH, in kJ/molrxn.

5. Determine the limiting reactant. Justify your answer with a calculation.

6. Calculate the heat of the reaction, ΔH, in kJ/molrxn.

Reaction 3 H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) 

Reaction 4 Mg(s) + 1/2 O2(g) 

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