Origin and

T y p e s o f S t a t e
h
- Sanjana Sing

- Ananya Raj
 Wh a t i s a S t a te ?
to a p o li ti c a l in stitution
State refer s
e n tin g s o v e r e ig n people
repres te rritory. The
p y a d e fi n it e
who occu o a d ly, of the
ts , m o s t b r
state consis id uals on the
n t o f th e in d iv
agreeme s a re settled
r e b y d is p u te
means whe
ws.
in the form of la
 Wh a t i s a S t a te ?
r ssociation
m o f human a
As tate is a fo
is h e d fr om o th er social
disting u
groups by its: m e n t of order
- e sta b li sh
● Purpose
and security forcement
s - la w s a n d en
● Method
r it o r y - a re a o f jurisdiction
● Ter
● Sovereignty.
The o r ie s on t h e
O r ig i n o f S t a t e
eory
● Divine Origin Th
ry
● Patriarchal Theo
ory
● Matriarchal The
● Force Theory
Theory
● Social Contract
ry
● Marxician Theo
 n e Or i gi n T h eo ry
Divi
 Or i gi n T h eo r y
Divine
o ld e s t th e o r y a bout the
This is the
o f s ta te s . It is also known as
origin h t of Kings.
y o f d iv in e r ig
the theor th e o r y believe
ts o f th is
The exponen ome into
s ta te d id n o t c
that the
g b y a n y e ff o r t of man. It is
bein
created by God.
 n e Or i gi n T h eo ry
Divi
w h o r u le s o v er the state is
The King th . H e derives
o d o n e a r
an agent of G a nd he is
r it y fr o m G o d
his autho n e . Obedience
to G o d a lo
responsible to God and
in g is o r d a in e d
to the K e is above
f it is a s in . H
violation o
d n o s u b je c t h a s any right to
law an o r his action.
h is a u th o r it y
question
 at ri a rc h a l Th e ory
P
 at ri a rc h a l Th e ory
P e, the
c c o r d in g to S ir Henry Main
A n o f several
g lo m e r a ti o
city is a con
s w h ic h d e v e lo ped under the
familie o f the eldest
d a u th o r it y
control an mily. The
e m b e r o f th e fa
male m a tr iarchal
th e r o f th e p
head or fa
y w ie ld e d g r e a t power and
famil e r members
e u p o n th e o th
influenc
of the family.
 at ri a rc h a l Th e ory
P
th e p ro c e s s o f marriage
Through n d a nd they
a n to e x p a
families beg sehold).
th to g e n (h o u
gave bir n . A group of
s m a d e a c la
Several gen onfederation
a d e a tr ib e . A c
clans m d r elations to
a s e d o n b lo o
of tribes b
es against
defend themselv
ed one
aggressors form
o n w e a lth - th e state.
comm
 t r i a r c h a l T h e o ry
Ma
 t r i a r c h a l T h e o ry
Ma
to M o r g a n , M e clennan
According r e w as never
Je n k s , th e
and Edward
y p a tr ia r c h a l fa mily in the
an
it iv e s o c ie ty a nd that the
prim
a tr ia r c h a l fa m ily came into
p e in stitution
n ly w h e n th
existence o e was in
a n e n t m a r r ia g
of perm
vogue.
 t r i a r c h a l T h e o ry
Ma
e p r im it iv e s o ciety, instead
Among th e th e re was a
t m a r r ia g
of permanen d er that
x a n a r c h y . U n
sort of se r a th er than
e m o th e r
condition, th d o f th e family.
th e h e a
the father was li s h ed through
w a s e s ta b
The kinship
the mother.
Force Theory
 Force Theory
th e o r y h o ld s th at wars and
This l tr ib e s were
p o w e r fu
aggressions by th e creation
a l fa c to r s in
the princip on the
s ta te . T h e y r e ly
of the r begat the
d s a y in g “ w a
oft-quote e x p la nation
h is to r ic a l
King” as the te . The force
ig in o f th e s ta
of the or r th e right in
e v a il e d o v e
or might pr
ciety.
the primitive so
 Force Theory
g e s t p e rs o n in a tribe was
The stron
th e c h ie f. A ft e r establishing
made g the other
b y s u b ju g a ti n
the state e c h ief used
a t p la c e th
people in th in in g la w and
m a in ta
his authority in e s ta te from
e fe n d in g th
order and d ts id e. History
n fr o m o u
the aggressio o ry as the
th e fo r c e th e
supports
te.
origin of the sta
 l C o n t r a ct T h eory
Soci a
 o n t r a ct T h eo ry
Social C
p o s tu la te s th a t states
The theory t o f a contract
te n c e o u
came into exis
e e n th e p e o p le and the
betw tw o d ivisions
e r e w e r e
sovereign. Th e period is
h is to r y – o n
in human
to th e e s ta b li s h ment of the
prior e” and one
“ s ta te o f n a tu r
state or d a ti on of the
to th e fo u n
subsequent ociety”.
ll e d th e “ c iv il s
state ca
 l C o n t r a ct T h eory
Soci a
a s n o la w to r e gulate the
There w e state of
f p e o p le in th
relations o
. E x p o n e n ts o f this theory
nature Jo h n Locke
a s H o b b e s ,
were Thom
o u s s e a u . T h e c rux of this
and J R
e o r y is th a t m en create
th
r n m e n t fo r th e purpose of
gove ting natural
th e ir p r e -e x is
securing
rights.
 rx i c i a n T h e o ry
Ma
 rx i c i a n T h e o ry
Ma
is ts a r e o f th e v iew that the
The Marx
is a c r e ati o n b y the class -
state of force.
w it h th e h e lp
struggle e r e n t theory
e th e r a diff
So it is altog
o r igin o f s ta te with the
o f ic h we have
n o f fo r c e w h
recognitio r ig in of state.
e o r y o f o
studied as a th
 rx i c i a n T h e o ry
Ma
e M a r x is ts b e g an with the
Th e th e r e was no
ie ty w h e r
primitive soc r e l w it h and so
to q u a r
surplus wealth
te.
there was no sta s g e tt in g split
c ie ty w a
Eventually, so h c onflicting
c la s s e s w it
over hostile ta g o n ism was
c la s s a n
interests. This
r o o t c a u s e o f th e state.
the
 Types Of State
s e v e ra l ty p e s o f states.
There are
o f th e m o s t c o mmon types
Some o utlined
u t h is to r y a r e
througho
below:
tes
● Federated Sta
● City-States
s
● Nation State
tes
● Sovereign Sta
 d e ra t e d S t a t e s
Fe
te s a r e p a r t o f a federation,
These sta
o v e r nm e n t w it h regions, or
or a g n omous, but
s th a t a r e a u to
province
u le d u n d e r a larger central
are r erated states
e n t. T h e s e fe d
governm r e ign powers
e o f it s s o v e
share som
e fe d e r a l g o v e rnment, and
with th fe deral laws.
te d to fo llo w
are expec
 City-States
li tic a l s y s te m c onsisting of
It is a po
d e p e n d e n t c it y having
an in guous
ig n ty o v e r c o n ti
sovere s a centre and
n d s e r v in g a
territory a nomic, and
o f p o li tic a l, e c o
leader o r iginated in
fe . T h e te r m
cultural li c entury and
th e la te 1 9 th
England in
n a p p li e d to th e cities of
has bee ic ia, and Italy.
e e c e , P h o e n
ancient Gr
 Nation Statemsof
is a syste
The nation state p eo p le with a
w h ic h
organization in
m o n id e n ti ty live inside a
com
y w it h fi r m b o rders and a
countr is a system of
v e r n m e n t. It
single go n d c ultural
o g r a p h ic , a
political, ge together by
a tio n . It is h e ld
organiz
ndaries,
its physical bou
m e n t, a n d th e people.
govern
 v e re i g n S t a t es
So
h as b e e n h is to rically used
This term
c r ib e a s ta te r u led by a
to des le person who
n ," o r a s in g
"sovereig w h at goes on
p o w e r o v e r
holds total li k e m edieval
k o f th is
in a state. Thin . M a ny of these
on a r c h ie s
European m over their
a d to ta l p o w e r
kings h
state.
TH A NK Y O U !