Published by

Aga Khan University Examination Board

Block - C, IED - PDC, 1-5/B-VII
Federal B. Area, Karimabad, Karachi, Pakistan.

Latest revision: August 2022

(This syllabus has been periodically revised in 2009 and 2018)

© The Aga Khan University Examination Board, 2022

All rights and entitlements reserved.

This syllabus is developed by Aga Khan University Examination Board for distribution to
all its affiliated schools only. No part of this syllabus may be copied, reproduced or used for
any other purpose whatsoever without prior written permission of the
Aga Khan University Examination Board.
 Secondary School Certificate
Examination Syllabus

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
GRADES IX-X

This syllabus will be examined in both

Annual and Re-sit Examination sessions from
Annual Examinations 2023
 Table of Contents Page No.

Preface 5

Understanding of AKU-EB Syllabi 7

Subject Rationale 8

Concept Map 10

Student Learning Outcomes 11

Scheme of Assessment 37

Acknowledgements 42

For queries and feedback

Address: Aga Khan University Examination Board

Block - C, IED - PDC, 1-5/B-VII
Federal B. Area, Karimabad, Karachi, Pakistan.
Phone: (92-21) 3682-7011
Fax: (92-21) 3682-7019
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: http://examinationboard.aku.edu
Facebook: www.facebook.com/ akueb

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 4
 Preface
Established in 2002 through the Pakistan government’s ordinance, the Aga Khan University
Examination Board (AKU-EB) is country’s first private autonomous qualification awarding
body for secondary (SSC) and higher secondary (HSSC) school certifications. Its vision is to
be a model of excellence and innovation in education in Pakistan and the developing world.

AKU-EB achieves its vision by developing examination syllabi which inculcate conceptual
thinking and higher order learning and are aligned with National/ trans-provincial curricula
and international standards. AKU-EB revises its syllabi periodically to support the needs of
students, teachers and examiners.

The aims of the syllabus review of SSC and HSSC are to:

• Ensure continued compatibility with the goals of the trans-provincial curricula of

Pakistan.

• Review the content for inclusion of new knowledge and deletion of obsolete knowledge.

• Review the content for clarity and relevance as per the changing needs of students,
teachers and examiners.

• Enhance and strengthen continuation and progression of content both within and across
grades IX - XII (SCC and HSSC).

• Ensure the readiness of students for higher education.

During the syllabus review, the needs of all the stakeholders were identified through a needs-
assessment survey. Students and teachers of AKU-EB affiliated schools from across Pakistan
participated in the survey. Thereafter, a revision panel, which consisted of examiners,
teachers of affiliated and non-affiliated schools, teacher trainers and university academicians,
reviewed and revised the syllabus following a planned, meticulous and standardised syllabi
review process.

The syllabus is organised into topics and subtopics. Each subtopic is further divided into
achievable student learning outcomes (SLOs). The SLOs of the cognitive domain are each
assigned a cognitive level on which they have to be achieved. These cognitive levels are
‘knowledge’, ‘understanding’ and ‘application’, the latter also including other higher order
skills. This is followed by the Exam Specification which gives clear guidance about the
weightage of each topic and how the syllabus will be assessed.

The development of the revised syllabus has been made possible by the creativity and
relentless hard work of Curriculum and Examination Development unit and the constant
support provided by all the other units of AKU-EB. We are particularly thankful to
Dr Sohail Qureshi for his very useful feedback on revising the syllabus review process, to
Dr Naveed Yousuf for his continued guidance and support throughout the syllabus revision
process and to Raabia Hirani for leading the syllabi revision. We are also thankful to all the
students and teachers who took part in the needs-assessment survey and to the principals of
AKU-EB affiliated schools who made this endeavour possible by facilitating and
encouraging their teachers to be a part of the survey and the syllabus revision panel.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 5
 With your support and collective hard work, AKU-EB has been able to take the necessary
steps to ensure effective implementation of the best international and trans-provincial
standards through this syllabus. We are confident that this syllabus will continue to provide
the support that is needed by students to progress to the next level of education and we wish
the very best to our students and teachers in implementing this syllabus.

Dr Shehzad Jeeva
Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Aga Khan University Examination Board
Associate Professor of Practice, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aga Khan University

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 6
 Understanding of AKU-EB Syllabi
1. The AKU-EB syllabi guide the students, teachers, parents and other stakeholders
regarding the topics that will be taught and examined in each grade (IX, X, XI and XII).
In each syllabus document, the content progresses from simple to complex, thereby,
facilitating a gradual, conceptual learning of the content.

2. The topics of the syllabi are divided into subtopics and student learning outcomes
(SLOs). The subtopics and the SLOs define the depth and the breadth at which each
topic will be taught, learnt and examined. The syllabi also provide enabling SLOs
where needed to scaffold student learning.

3. Each SLO starts with an achievable and assessable command word such as describe,
relate, evaluate, etc. The purpose of the command words is to direct the attention of
teachers and students to specific tasks that the students are expected to undertake in the
course of their studies. The examination questions are framed using the same command
words or their connotations to elicit evidence of these competencies in students’
responses.

4. The topics of the syllabi are grouped into themes derived from the National/ trans-
provincial curricula. The connection between various themes and topics is highlighted
in the ‘concept map’ provided at the beginning of each syllabus. This ensures that
students begin to understand the interconnectedness of knowledge, learn conceptually
and think critically.

5. The SLOs are classified under three cognitive levels: knowledge (K), understanding
(U) and application and other higher order skills (A) for effective planning during
teaching and learning. Furthermore, it will help to derive multiple choice questions
(MCQs), constructed response questions (CRQs) and extended response questions
(ERQs) on a rational basis from the subject syllabi.

6. By focusing on the achievement of the SLOs, these syllabi aim to counter the culture of
rote memorisation as the preferred method of examination preparation. While
suggesting relevant, locally available textbooks for achieving these outcomes, AKU-EB
recommends that teachers and students use multiple teaching and learning resources for
achieving these outcomes.

7. The syllabi follow a uniform layout for all subjects to make them easier for students and
teachers to follow. They act as a bridge between students, teachers and assessment
specialists by providing a common framework of student learning outcomes and exam
specifications.

8. On the whole, the AKU-EB syllabi for Secondary School Certificate (SSC) provide a
framework that helps students to acquire conceptual understanding and learn to
critically engage with it. This lays a solid foundation for HSSC and beyond.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 7
 Subject Rationale of AKU-EB General Mathematics
What will you learn in AKU-EB General Mathematics Compulsory?

Mathematics intrinsically fosters logical, critical and analytical skills to work in a problem-
solving environment. The current National Curriculum of Pakistan covers a wide array of
topics that provide a better conceptual understanding of General Mathematics. The AKU-EB
syllabus of General Mathematics has enriched the topics by making conceptual connections
and refining the logical flow of the topics.

General Mathematics syllabus will benefit students to enhance and improve their arithmetical
and critical thinking skills which are applicable in business finance, business partnership,
foreign exchange, leasing/ financing, etc. The syllabus also entails algebra, basic statistics
and geometry. This will help in improving abstract, logical and visual thinking to apply their
content knowledge in new situations, rather than on rote learning. This is evident from the
fact that most of the SLOs in the syllabus are application based, including theorems where
students are not required to reproduce theorems, but to apply them.

Where will it take you?

The AKUEB syllabus of General Mathematics will provide conceptual foundation for higher
studies in many subjects and wide career opportunities are available such as:

• Accountant
• Finance Expert
• Actuary
• Banker
• Stock Market Expert
• Entrepreneurship
• Business Consultant

How to approach the syllabus?

The concept map of the syllabus gives an overview of the entire syllabus. The topics and the
student learning outcomes (SLOs) provide a detailed guide about the learning
accomplishment of the candidates. Finally, the paper specification is a comprehensive outline
of what and how the candidates will be assessed in the examination.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 8
 What is the concept map telling you?

PYRAMID

Pyramid is a large structure built in ancient Egypt that usually has a square base and four
triangular sides meeting at a point. It is believed that the ancient Egyptians applied various
concepts of mathematics to build the pyramids of Egypt since that the design of the pyramid
may embody the foundations of mathematics and geometry i.e. Phi (φ), the Golden Ratio that
appears throughout nature and Pi (π), the circumference of a circle in relation to its diameter.

The concept map of general mathematics is represented by pyramid (polyhedron). The

pyramid illustrates the four core standards/ competencies of mathematics. The pyramid stands
on its base which represents reasoning and logical thinking, the most vital competency. The
remaining four competencies (Measurements and Geometry, Algebra, Numbers and
Operations and Basic Statistics) are built upon the base and are represented by four triangles
forming the sides of the pyramid. Concepts within the competencies build up as you move
along the height of these four triangles, until they meet to form the apex of the pyramid.

Plato, one of ancient Greece’s most important patrons of mathematics, was convinced that
geometry was the key to unlocking the secrets of the universe and stressed that mathematics
is way of understanding more about reality. The sign above his academy in Athens in 387 BC
entrance read: “Let no-one ignorant of geometry enter here”.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 9
Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 10
Student Learning Outcomes of AKU-EB SSC General Mathematics
Part I (Grade IX)

Cognitive Level1
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
1. Percentage, Ratio and Proportion Students should be able to:
1.1 Percentage 1.1.1 describe percentage; *
1.1.2 convert: *
a. percentage into a fraction and vice versa
b. percentage into a decimal and vice versa;
1.2 Application of Percentages 1.2.1 calculate quantities when percentage is given; *
1.2.2 solve problems involving percentages, *
1.3 Ratio 1.3.1 explain ratio; *
1.3.2 find the ratio in which a quantity is increased or decreased; *
1.3.3 solve word problems involving ratio; *
1.4 Proportion and Variation 1.4.1 identify that a proportion is an equality of two ratios, i.e. *
a c 
a : b :: c : d or  =  where a and d are known as extremes
b d 
and b and c are called means;
1.4.2 describe direct, inverse and compound proportion; *
1.4.3 solve problems involving direct, inverse, compound proportion *
and variation (x varies directly or inversely as y).

1
K = Knowledge, U = Understanding, A = Application and other higher-order cognitive skills
CA = Classroom Activity, not to be assessed under examination conditions

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 11
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
2. Zakat, Ushr and Inheritance Students should be able to:
2.1 Zakat 2.1.1 describe the rate of Zakat (in order to find out how much Zakat *
is due as per Nisab);
2.1.2 solve word problems based on Zakat; *
2.2 Ushr 2.2.1 describe the rate of Ushr levied on land owner/land holder; *
2.2.2 solve word problems based on Ushr; *
2.3 Inheritance 2.3.1 describe the ratio of shares among legal inheritors of a *
property;
2.3.2 solve word problems based on inheritance. *

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 12
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
3. Business Mathematics Students should be able to:
3.1 Profit and Loss 3.1.1 define cost price (C.P.), selling price (S.P.), profit and loss; *
3.1.2 calculate: *
a. cost price and selling price
b. profit and profit percentage
c. loss and loss percentage;
3.2 Discount 3.2.1 explain marked price/ list price/ tag price/ catalogue price, *
discount on an article and sale price;
3.2.2 calculate: *
a. discount
b. percentage discount;
3.2.3 solve word problems related to Topics 3.1 and 3.2; *
3.3 Business Partnership 3.3.1 explain the concept of business partnership; *
3.3.2 solve word problems based on business partnership *
(at most four partners).

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 13
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
4. Sets and Functions Students should be able to:
4.1 Set and Operations on Sets 4.1.1 identify the sets denoted by N,Z,W,O,P ,Q and by other *
symbols;
4.1.2 identify operations on sets ( , , − or \ ) ; *
4.1.3 apply the following operations on sets: *
a. union
b. inter-section
c. difference
d. complement;
4.2 Properties of Union and 4.2.1 verify the following fundamental properties of union and *
Intersection intersection of two or three given sets:
a. commutative property of union and intersection
b. associative property of union and intersection;
4.3 Venn Diagram 4.3.1 draw a Venn diagram to represent: *
a. union and intersection of sets
b. difference of two sets and complement of a set;
4.3.2 draw a Venn diagram to verify: *
a. commutative laws for union and intersection of sets
b. De Morgan's laws;
4.4 Ordered Pairs and Cartesian 4.4.1 describe ordered pairs and Cartesian product; *
Product 4.4.2 solve problems related to SLO 4.4.1; *
4.5 Binary Relation 4.5.1 describe binary relation; *
4.5.2 find the domain, co-domain and range of binary relation; *
4.6 Functions 4.6.1 describe function, its domain and range; *
4.6.2 distinguish between function and binary relation; *
4.6.3 find function from one set to another set. *

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 14
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
5. Exponents and Logarithms Students should be able to:
5.1 Laws of Exponents/ Indices 5.1.1 identify base and exponent; *
5.1.2 apply the laws of exponents to simplify expressions with real *
exponents;
5.2 Radicals and Radicands 5.2.1 identify radicals and radicands; *
5.2.2 distinguish between radical form and exponential form of an *
expression;
5.2.3 convert an expression given in radical form to an exponential *
form and vice versa;
5.3 Scientific Notation 5.3.1 convert a number in ordinary form (common form) to *
scientific notation and vice versa;
5.4 Logarithm 5.4.1 explain logarithmic and exponential form and their *
relationship ( i.e. a x = y  loga y = x, a  0, y  0 and a  1) ;
5.4.2 solve problems related to SLO 5.4.1; *
5.4.3 find characteristic and mantissa of log of a number; CA
5.5 Laws of Logarithm 5.5.1 apply the following laws of logarithm to solve related *
problems (without using log and antilog tables);
a. log a (m n ) = log a m + log a n
m
b. log a   = log a m − log a n
n
c. log a m n = n log a m .

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 15
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
6. Algebraic Formulae and Applications Students should be able to:
6.1 Algebraic Expressions p( x) *
6.1.1 define a rational expression as the quotient of two
q( x)
polynomials p(x) and q(x), where q(x) is not the zero
polynomial;
6.1.2 discuss whether a given algebraic expression is a: *
a. polynomial or not
b. rational expression or not;
6.1.3 p ( x) *
describe as a rational expression in its lowest terms;
q ( x)
6.1.4 simplify a given rational expression to its lowest terms; *
6.1.5 solve problems based on multiplication and division of rational *
expressions;
6.1.6 find the value of algebraic expression for a given real number; *
6.2 Algebraic Formulae 6.2.1 find the value of a2 + b2 , a 2 − b 2 , a + b , a − b and ab, using *
the given formulae:
a. (a + b) 2 + (a − b) 2 = 2(a 2 + b 2 )
b. (a + b) 2 − (a − b) 2 = 4ab
c. a 2 − b 2 = (a − b )(a + b ) ;
6.2.2 find the values of a2 + b2 + c2 , a + b + c and ab + bc + ca , *
when values of any two of these are given using the formula
(a + b + c) 2 = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca ;
6.3 Surds and their Application 6.3.1 explain the surds of second order; *
6.3.2 apply basic operations on surds of second order; *

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 16
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
6.3.3 1 c x −d y *
simplify the surds e.g. and ,
a x +b y a x +b y
where x and y are natural numbers and a and b are integers.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 17
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
7. Factorisation Students should be able to:
7.1 Factorisation 7.1.1 factorise the expression of the following types: *
a. kx + ky + kz
b. ax + ay + bx + by
c. a2 + 2ab + b2
d. a2 _ b2
e. (a2 + 2ab + b2) _ c2
f. a4 + a2b2 + b4 or a4 + 4b4
g. ax2 + bx + c;

7.2 Remainder and Factor Theorems 7.2.1 find the remainder using remainder theorem, when a *
polynomial is divided by a linear polynomial;
7.2.2 define zeros of a polynomial; *
7.2.3 solve problems based on the concept of zeros of a polynomial; *
7.3 Factorisation of a Cubic 7.3.1 apply factor theorem to factorise a cubic polynomial. *
Polynomial

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 18
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Subtopics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
8. Linear Graphs Students should be able to:
8.1 Cartesian Plane and Linear Graphs 8.1.1 identify pair of real numbers as an ordered pair; *
8.1.2 describe rectangular or Cartesian plane; *
8.1.3 locate an ordered pair (a, b) as a point in the rectangular plane *
and recognise:
a. a as the x-coordinate (abscissa)
b. b as the y-coordinate (ordinate);
8.1.4 illustrate different geometrical shapes, e.g. line segment, *
triangle and rectangle, etc. by joining a set of given points;
8.1.5 construct a table for pairs of values satisfying a linear equation *
in two variables;
8.1.6 draw the graph of given linear equations: *
a. y = constant
b. x = constant
c. y = mx
d. y = mx+c;
8.2 Conversion Graphs 8.2.1 interpret a given graph to develop a relation between quantities *
corresponding to other quantities;
8.2.2 use graph for conversions of: *
a. miles and kilometres
b. acres and hectares
c. degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit
d. Pakistani currency and other currencies (other inter-
related quantities).

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 19
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
9. Matrices and Determinants Students should be able to:
9.1 Introduction to Matrices 9.1.1 define matrix with real entries; *
9.1.2 define: *
a. rows and columns of a matrix
b. the order of a matrix
c. equality of two matrices;
9.2 Types of Matrices(up to order 9.2.1 describe row matrix, column matrix, rectangular matrix, square *
3 3 ) matrix, zero/ null matrix, identity matrix, scalar matrix,
diagonal matrix and symmetric matrix;
9.2.2 describe the transpose of a matrix; *
9.3 Addition and Subtraction of 9.3.1 discuss whether the given matrices are conformable for *
Matrices (up to order 3  3 ) addition/ subtraction;
9.3.2 find the addition and subtraction of matrices; *
9.3.3 verify commutative and associative laws under addition; *
9.3.4 define the additive identity of a matrix; *
9.3.5 describe the additive inverse of a matrix; *
9.4 Multiplication of Matrices 9.4.1 discuss whether the given matrices are conformable for *
(up to order 2 2 ) multiplication;
9.4.2 find the multiplication of a matrix by a real number; *
9.4.3 find the multiplication of matrices (up to three matrices); *
9.4.4 verify associative law under multiplication; *
9.4.5 verify distributive laws; *
9.4.6 verify with the help of examples that commutative law under *
multiplication does not hold in general (i.e. AB  BA) ;
9.4.7 verify with the help of examples that ( AB) t = B t A t . *

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 20
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Subtopics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
9.5 Multiplicative Inverse of 9.5.1 describe the determinant of a square matrix; *
Matrix (order 2  2 ) 9.5.2 calculate the determinant of a matrix; *
9.5.3 define singular and non-singular matrix; *
9.5.4 solve problems related to singular and non-singular matrix; *
9.5.5 solve problems related to adjoint of a matrix; *
9.5.6 define multiplicative identity of a matrix; *
9.5.7 find the multiplicative inverse of a matrix A and verify that *
AA−1 = I = A−1 A , where I is the multiplicative identity
matrix;
9.5.8 apply adjoint method to calculate the inverse of a matrix; *
9.5.9 verify the result ( AB) −1 = B −1 A−1 with the help of examples; *

9.6 Solution of Simultaneous Linear  2 1 1   3

Equations in Two Variables 9.6.1 solve matrix equations, e.g. Find A, if A +     = 5  ; *
 0 3  0  2
9.6.2 solve a system of two linear equations in two variables using: *
a. Inverse Matrix method
b. Cramer's rule.
(Note: Word problems based on simultaneous linear equations
are NOT included.)

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 21
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Subtopics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
10. Practical geometry Students should be able to:
10.1 Construction of Triangle 10.1.1 draw a triangle when: *
a. two sides and one angle are given
b. one side and two of the angles are given;
10.1.2 draw for a given triangle: *
a. angle bisectors
b. perpendicular bisectors
c. medians
d. altitudes;
10.1.3 verify, for a given triangle, the concurrency of: *
a. angle bisectors
b. altitudes
c. perpendicular bisectors
d. medians;
10.2 Construction of Quadrilateral 10.2.1 draw a rectangle when: *
a. two adjacent sides are given
b. diagonal and one side are given;
10.2.2 draw a square when its diagonal is given; *
10.2.3 draw a parallelogram when two adjacent sides and the angle *
between them is given.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 22
Part II (Grade X)

Cognitive Level
Topics and Subtopics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
11. Financial Mathematics Students should be able to:
11.1 Commercial Banking 11.1.1 compare various types of bank accounts such as PLS CA
saving bank account, current deposit account, PLS term
deposit account and foreign currency account;
11.1.2 describe negotiable instruments, i.e. cheque, demand draft and CA
pay order;
11.1.3 describe on-line banking, transactions through ATM (Auto CA
Teller Machine), debit card and credit card (Visa and Master);
11.2 Exchange of Currencies 11.2.1 convert an amount in one currency to another currency; *
11.3 Simple Interest 11.3.1 describe simple interest; *
11.3.2 solve problems related to simple interest; *
11.4 Financing 11.4.1 describe the following concepts: *
a. down payment
b. processing charges
c. payment in monthly instalments;
11.4.2 solve problems related to SLO 11.4.1. *

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 23
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Subtopics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
12. Consumer Mathematics Students should be able to:
12.1 Taxes 12.1.1 describe direct and indirect tax; *
12.1.2 distinguish between direct tax and indirect tax; *
12.1.3 explain the following basic concepts: *
a. sales tax
b. excise duty
c. property tax
d. income tax;
12.1.4 calculate the amount of: *
a. sales tax, levied on various commodities
b. excise duty, levied on different items
c. property tax, imposed on property
d. income tax, imposed on an individual with fixed
income;
12.2 Utility Bills 12.2.1 calculate amount of bill for: *
a. electricity
b. gas
c. telephone;
12.3 Personal Income 12.3.1 calculate personal income (weekly, monthly and annually) of: *
a. a worker who is paid on daily basis
b. a worker who is paid for overtime on hourly basis in
addition to his daily wages
c. a salesman who is paid for overtime on hourly basis
and commission on different sales in addition to his
regular pay;

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 24
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
12.3.2 calculate gross income of a salaried person who is paid on the *
basis of government pay scales or otherwise;
12.3.3 calculate net income taking into account assorted deductions *
(income tax, etc.).

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 25
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
13. Basic Statistics Students should be able to:
13.1 Frequency Distribution and Graphs 13.1.1 construct a grouped frequency table; *
13.1.2 draw and interpret bar charts and histograms with equal class *
intervals;
13.1.3 draw and interpret a frequency curve and a frequency polygon; *
13.1.4 draw and interpret a pie-chart; *
13.2 Cumulative Frequency Distribution 13.2.1 construct a cumulative frequency table; *
13.2.2 draw and interpret cumulative frequency polygon and curve; *
13.3 Measures of Central Tendency 13.3.1 calculate arithmetic mean, median and mode for ungrouped *
and grouped data;
13.3.2 estimate median and mode graphically; *
13.4 Measures of Dispersion 13.4.1 calculate the range, variance and standard deviation for *
ungrouped data.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 26
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
14. Algebraic Manipulation Students should be able to:
14.1 Highest Common Factor and Least 14.1.1 find the highest common factor (HCF) and the least common *
Common Multiple multiple (LCM) of algebraic expressions using factorisation
method;
14.1.2 find the highest common factor (HCF) and the least common *
multiple (LCM) of algebraic expressions using division
method;
14.1.3 apply HCF, LCM and their relationship in solving problems; *
14.2 Basic Operations on Algebraic 14.2.1 simplify fractional expressions or rational expressions *
Fractions involving basic operations of +, −, ,  ;
14.3 Square Root of Algebraic 14.3.1 calculate the square root of algebraic expression by *
Expression factorisation and division.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 27
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
15. Linear Equations and Inequalities Students should be able to:
15.1 Linear Equations 15.1.1 define linear equation in one variable; *
15.1.2 solve linear equation with real coefficients; *
15.1.3 find the solution of equations involving radicals; *
15.1.4 solve word problems based on the linear equation; *
15.1.5 verify solutions for problems based on SLOs 15.1.3 and *
15.1.4;
15.2 Equations involving Absolute 15.2.1 define absolute value; *
Value 15.2.2 solve equation involving absolute value in one variable; *
15.3 Linear Inequalities 15.3.1 define inequalities ( , , ,  ); *
15.3.2 describe the properties of inequalities, i.e. trichotomy, *
transitive, additive and multiplicative;
15.4 Solving Linear Inequalities 15.4.1 solve linear inequalities with real coefficients in one variable; *
15.4.2 represent the solution of linear inequalities on the number *
line.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 28
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
16. Quadratic Equations Students should be able to:
16.1 Quadratic Equation 16.1.1 define quadratic equation; *
16.1.2 distinguish between quadratic equation and other equations; *
16.2 Solution of Quadratic Equations 16.2.1 solve a quadratic equation in one variable by: *
a. factorisation method
b. completing the square method;
16.3 Quadratic Formula 16.3.1 derive quadratic formula using completing the square method; *
16.3.2 use quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations; *
16.3.3 solve word problems based on the quadratic equation. *

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 29
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
17. Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences Students should be able to:
17.1 Sequence 17.1.1 describe a sequence/ progression; *
17.1.2 find the general term of a sequence; *
17.2 Arithmetic Sequence 17.2.1 describe an arithmetic sequence; *
17.2.2 solve problems involving arithmetic sequence; *
17.3 Arithmetic Mean 17.3.1 find the arithmetic mean between two numbers; *
17.3.2 find n arithmetic means between two numbers, where n is a *
natural number;
17.4 Geometric Sequence 17.4.1 describe a geometric sequence; *
17.4.2 solve problems involving geometric sequence; *
17.5 Geometric Mean 17.5.1 find the geometric mean between two numbers; *
17.5.2 find n geometric means between two numbers, where n is a *
natural number.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 30
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
18. Fundamentals of Geometry Students should be able to:
18.1 Properties of Angles 18.1.1 identify adjacent, complementary, supplementary angles and *
vertically opposite angles;
18.1.2 calculate unknown angles involving adjacent angles, *
complementary angles, supplementary angles and vertically
opposite angles;
18.1.3 calculate the unknown angles of a triangle (interior and *
exterior angles);
18.2 Parallel Lines 18.2.1 apply the following properties to solve related problems: *
a. two lines which are parallel to a given line are parallel
to each other
b. if three parallel lines are intersected by two
transversals in such a way that the two intercepts on
one transversal are equal to each other, the two
intercepts on the second transversal are also equal
c. a line through the midpoint of a side of a triangle
parallel to another side bisects the third side;
18.2.2 illustrate corresponding angles, alternate angles and interior *
angles;
18.2.3 apply the following properties to solve related problems: *
a. pairs of corresponding angles are equal
b. pairs of alternate interior angles are equal
c. pairs of interior angles on the same side of transversal
are supplementary;
18.3 Congruent and Similar Triangles 18.3.1 describe congruent and similar figures; *
18.3.2 apply the following properties of congruency and similarity of *
triangles to solve related problems:

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 31
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
a. if two angles of a triangle are congruent, then the sides
opposite to them are also congruent
b. in any correspondence of two triangles, if one side and
any two angles of one triangle are congruent to the
corresponding side and angles of the other, then the
two triangles are congruent, i.e. AAS  AAS
c. in a correspondence of two triangles, if three sides of
one triangle are congruent to the corresponding three
sides of the other, then the two triangles are
congruent, i.e. SSS  SSS
d. if in the correspondence of two right-angled triangles,
the hypotenuse and one side of one are congruent to
the hypotenuse and the corresponding side of the
other, then the triangles are congruent,
i.e. RHS  RHS
e. in any correspondence of two triangles, if two sides
and the included angle of one triangle are congruent to
corresponding two sides and the included angle of the
other, then the two triangles are congruent,
i.e. SAS  SAS
f. if two triangles are similar, the measures of their
corresponding sides are proportional;
18.4 Quadrilaterals 18.4.1 apply the following properties of a square to find the *
unknown measurements:
a. the four sides of a square are equal
b. the four angles of a square are right angles
c. diagonals of a square bisect each other and are equal;

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 32
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
18.4.2 apply the following properties of a rectangle to find the *
unknown measurements:
a. opposite sides of a rectangle are equal
b. the four angles of a rectangle are right angles
c. diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other;
18.4.3 apply the following properties of a parallelogram to find the *
unknown measurements:
a. opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal
b. opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal
c. diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other;
18.5 Circle 18.5.1 describe circle and its related terms, i.e. centre, radius, *
diameter, chord, secant, tangent, arc, major arc, minor arc,
segment of the circle, semicircle, concentric circles;
18.5.2 apply the following properties of a circle to find the unknown *
measurements:
a. the angle in a semicircle is a right angle
b. the angles in the same segment of a circle are equal
c. the central angle of a minor arc of a circle is double
that of the angle subtended by the corresponding
major arc;
18.5.3 apply the properties in sub-topics 18.2, 18.3, 18.4, and 18.5 to *
find unknown measurements in different geometrical figures.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 33
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
19. Areas and Volumes Students should be able to:
19.1 Pythagoras’ Theorem 19.1.1 state Pythagoras’ theorem; *
19.1.2 find the unknown sides of a right angled triangle using *
Pythagoras theorem;
19.2 Areas 19.2.1 find the area of: *
a. a triangle when three sides are given by applying
Heron's formula
b. a triangle whose base and altitude or height are given
c. an equilateral triangle when its one side is given
d. a rectangle when its two adjacent sides are given
e. a parallelogram when base and altitude or height are
given
f. a square when its one side is given;
19.2.2 find the area of a circle and a semi-circle when radius or *
diameter is given;
19.2.3 find the area enclosed by two concentric circles whose radii *
are given;
19.2.4 solve problems related with areas of triangle, rectangle, *
square, parallelogram and circle;
19.3 Volumes 19.3.1 find the volume of: *
a. a cube when one of its edges is given
b. a cuboid when its length, breadth and height are given
c. a right circular cylinder when its base radius and
height are given
d. a right circular cone when its radius and height are
given
e. a sphere and a hemisphere when its radius or diameter
is given;

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 34
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
Students should be able to:
19.3.2 solve problems related to volume of cube, cuboid, cylinder, *
cone and sphere.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 35
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes
K U A
20. Introduction to Coordinate Geometry Students should be able to:
20.1 Distance Formula 20.1.1 describe coordinate geometry and its scope; *
20.1.2 prove distance formula between two points in a Cartesian *
plane;
20.1.3 find distance between two given points using distance *
formula;
20.2 Collinear Points 20.2.1 apply distance formula to show whether the given points are *
collinear or non-collinear;
20.2.2 apply distance formula to show that three given non-collinear *
points form:
a. an equilateral triangle
b. an isosceles triangle
c. a right angled triangle
d. a scalene triangle;
20.3 Midpoint Formula 20.3.1 apply the formula to find the midpoint of the line segment *
joining two given points;
20.3.2 solve problems related to midpoint formula. *

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 36
 Scheme of Assessment
Grade IX

Table 1: Number of Student Learning Outcomes by Cognitive level

Topic No. of SLOs Total

Topic
No. Sub-Topics K U A SLOs
1. Percentage, Ratio and Proportion 4 1 3 6 10

2. Zakat, Ushr and Inheritance 3 0 3 3 6

3. Business Mathematics 3 1 2 4 7

4. Sets and Functions 6 2 4 7 13

5. Exponents and Logarithms 5 2 2 5 9

6. Algebraic Formulae and Applications 3 1 3 7 11

7. Factorisation 3 1 0 4 5

8. Linear Graphs 2 1 5 2 8

9. Matrices and Determinants 6 5 6 16 27

10. Practical geometry 2 0 0 6 6

Total 37 14 28 60 102

Percentage 14 27 59 100

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 37
 Table 2: Exam Specification

Topic
Topics Marks Distribution Total
No.
Marks
MCQs CRQs

1. Percentage, Ratio and Proportion Total 3 Marks

8 Choose any ONE 11
2. Zakat, Ushr and Inheritance from TWO

Total 4 Marks
3. Business Mathematics 5 9
(1 CRQ)
Total 3 Marks
4. Sets and Functions 5 8
(1 CRQ)
Total 3 Marks
5. Exponents and logarithms 7 10
(1 CRQ)
Total 4 Marks
6. Algebraic Formulae and Applications 6 10
(1 CRQ)
Total 4 Marks
7. Factorisation 5 Choose any ONE 9
from TWO
Total 3 Marks
8. Linear Graphs 3 6
(1 CRQ)
Total 3 Marks
9. Matrices and Determinants 6 Choose any ONE 9
from TWO
Total 3 Marks
10. Practical Geometry 3
(1 CRQ)
Total Marks 45 30 75

• Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) requires candidates to choose one best/ correct answer
from four options for each question. Each MCQ carries ONE mark.

• Constructed Response Question (CRQ) requires students to respond with a short text (few
phrases/ sentences), calculations or diagrams.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 38
 Table 3: Number of Student Learning Outcomes by Cognitive level

Topic No. of SLOs Total

Topic
No. Sub-Topics K U A SLOs
11. Financial Mathematics 4 0 2 3 5

12. Consumer Mathematics 3 0 3 5 8

13. Basic Statistics 4 0 2 7 9

14. Algebraic Manipulation 3 0 0 5 5

15. Linear Equations and Inequalities 4 3 2 6 11

16. Quadratic Equations 3 1 2 3 6

17. Arithmetic and Geometric Sequence 5 0 3 7 10

18. Fundamentals of Geometry 5 0 4 10 14

19. Areas and Volumes 3 1 0 7 8

20. Introduction to Coordinate Geometry 3 0 2 5 7

Total 37 5 20 58 83

Percentage 6 24 70 100

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 39
 Table 4: Exam Specification

Topic
Topics Marks Distribution Total
No.
Marks
MCQs CRQs

11. Financial Mathematics 3 Marks

7 Choose any ONE 10
12. Consumer Mathematics from TWO

Total 4 Marks
13. Basic Statistics 6 10
(1 CRQ)
4 Marks
14. Algebraic Manipulation 5 Choose any ONE 9
from TWO
Total 3 Marks
15. Linear Equations and Inequalities 6 9
(1 CRQ)
Total 4 Marks
16. Quadratic Equations 4 8
(1 CRQ)
Total 4 Marks
17. Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences 5 9
(1 CRQ)
4 Marks
18. Fundamentals of Geometry 4 Choose any ONE 8
from TWO
Total 4 Marks
19. Areas and Volumes 5 9
(1 CRQ)
20. Introduction to Coordinate Geometry 3 3

Total Marks 45 30 75

• Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) requires candidates to choose one best/ correct answer from
four options for each question. Each MCQ carries ONE mark.

• Constructed Response Question (CRQ) requires students to respond with a short text (few
phrases/ sentences), calculations or diagrams.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 40
 • Tables 1 and 3 indicate the number and nature of SLOs in each topic in
classes IX and X respectively. This will serve as a guide in the construction of the
examination paper. It also indicates that more emphasis has been given to the
Understanding (27% in IX and 24% in X), Application and higher order skills
(59% in IX and 70% in X) to discourage rote memorization. Tables 1 and 3, however,
do not translate directly into marks.

• There will be two examinations, one at the end of Class IX and one at the end of
Class X.

• In each class, the theory paper will be in two parts: paper I and paper II. Both papers
will be of duration of 3 hours.

• Paper I theory will consist of 45 compulsory, multiple choice items. These questions
will involve four response options.

• Paper II theory will carry 30 marks and consist of a number of compulsory,

constructed response questions. There will be no choice among the topics in the
constructed response but it may be within the topic.

• All constructed response questions will be in a booklet which will also serve as an
answer script.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 41
 Acknowledgements
Aga Khan University Examination Board (AKU-EB) would like to acknowledge the
contributions of all those who played an important part in the revision of the AKU-EB SSC
General Mathematics syllabus.

We would like to thank Abid Sohail, Lead Specialist, Rabia Nisar, Specialist Assessment
and Mukhtar Ali Khan, Specialist, Mathematics, AKU-EB for taking the subject lead
during the entire process of revising the General Mathematics syllabus and Examination
Specification 2023.

We are particularly thankful to the syllabus revision panel for their time, commitment and
effort in revising the syllabus. The panel included:

• Syeda Aisha
The Mama Parsi Girls Secondary School, Karachi

• Farzana Muhammad
Habib Girls School, Karachi

• Muhammad Jamiluddin
Ghulaman-e-Abbas Secondary School, Karachi

• Humera Naz
Arts and Science Academy, Karachi

• Muhammad Sayem Hanif

DHA Suffa University, Karachi

• Rizwana Yousuf
Karachi Grammar School, Karachi

We also thank the following post-revision reviewers for their feedback on relevance of the
content, skills and resources of the syllabus:

• Aliza Abidi
Arts and Science Academy, Karachi

• Shahnila Muhammad
Habib Public School, Karachi

Furthermore, we thank the following for reviewing the syllabus for higher education
preparedness, ensuring that the syllabus includes adequate skills and content to effectively
prepare students for the next level of education.

• Muhammad Iftikhar Mubbashir

Head Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences &
Head Department of Management and Social Sciences,
Usman Institute of Technology, Karachi

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 42
 In-house Team

• Final Reviewer and Advisor: Dr Shehzad Jeeva

CEO, AKU-EB

• Mentor and Guide for Syllabi Review: Dr Naveed Yousuf

Former Associate Director, Assessment

• Syllabi Review Lead: Raabia Hirani

Manager, Curriculum Development

• Syllabi Review Facilitators:

Banazeer Yaqoob, Former Associate, Curriculum Development
Dur Nasab, Associate, Curriculum Development
Mahrukh Jiwa, Specialist, Middle School Programme

• Internal Reviewer: Zain-ul-Muluk

Manager, Examination Development

• Learning Resources Reviewers: Ali Bijani

Manager, Teacher Support and Team

• Administrative Support:
Hanif Shariff, Associate Director, Operations
Raheel Sadruddin, Manager, Administration, and team

• Syllabi Feedback Data Analysts:

Tooba Farooqui, Former Lead Specialist, Assessment
Muhammad Kashif, Former Specialist, Assessment
Muhammad Faheem, Lead Specialist, Assessment

• Design Support: Hatim Yousuf

Specialist, Communications

We would like to thank the students and teachers of affiliated schools from across Pakistan
who gave their valuable feedback at various stages of the review process.

We also thank Shahid Arwani, Assistant AKU-EB, Tabassum Ali, Senior Assistant,
AKU-EB and Anusha Aslam, Former Assistant, AKU-EB, for data compilation and
formatting. In addition, we thank Noshaba Hameed, Assistant AKU-EB and Naveed Ashiq
Ali for their support during formatting.

Aga Khan University Examination Board General Mathematics SSC Syllabus 2022 43