Unit 2

REPORT TEXT

Kompetensi Dasar (KD)

3.26 Menganalisis fungsi social, struktur teks dan unsure kebahasaan teks interaksi
transaksional yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan meminta informasi
terkait penyajian laporan secara lisan (report presentation).

4.26 Menyusun teks interaksi transaksional lisan yang melibatkan tindakan memberi dan
meminta informasi terkait penyajian laporan dengan memperhatikan fungsi
social, struktur teks dan unsure kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai dengan
konteks penggunaannya di dunia kerja.

A. Report Text
1. Definition of Report Text
“ Report is a text which presents information about something,as it is.It is as a result of
systematic observation and analyses.”
Its social purpose is presenting information about something.They generally describe an
entire class of things,whether natural or made mammals,the planets,rocks,plants,countries of
region,culture,transportation,and so on.
2. The Characteristics / Language Feature of Report Text
- Use of nouns and noun phrases are used rather than particular nouns,the use of personal
pronouns is limited.
- Focus on generic participants.
- Use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny particles.
- Use of passive voice
- Same use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot fly;
- Use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness,eg tropical cyclones always begin over
the sea;
- Use of tehnical terms,eg isobars are lines down on a weather map;
- Use linking verb are used,eg,is,are,has,have,belong to,to give coherence.
3. Generic Structure of Report Text
1. General Clasification
 Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,public place,plant,etc which will
be discussed in general.
2. Description
Tells what the phenomenon under discussion; in terms of part,qualities,habits or behaviors.
4. Example of Report Text

Schematic structure

Rice Title
Rice is plant that produces an edible General Classification
grain; the name is also used for the grain
itself.Rice is the primary food for half the
people in the world. In many regions it is
eaten with every meal and provides more
calories than any other single food.
According to the United Nations Food Description
and Agricultural Organization (FAO),rice
supplies an average of 889 calories per day
per person in China. In contrast,rice provides
an average of only 82 calories per day per
person in the United States. Rice is a
nutritious food,providing about 90 percent of
calories from carbohydrates and as much as
13 percent of calories from protein.
 Language Features

- Rice ~ General Participant

- produces ~ Present Tense
- is ~ Being Verb
- food ~ General Participant
- provides ~ Having Verb
- supplises ~ Present Tense
- person ~ General Participant

Activity 1: Reading Comprehension

Read the following text answer the questions!

Jasmine is a native flower to some tropical areas in South Asia, Africa and Australia. In
India, some varieties of Jasmine are used for religious purposes.
The flower can grow up to 3 meters high and 2 meters wide. It releases its fragrance mostly
after the sun sets especially nearing the full moon. Therefore, it is often associated with
soothing night- time moods.
The planting of Jasmine is started by putting some cuttings in 3 inch posts within 4 weeks.
After the roots grow, they are put into 6 inch pots. The soil in the pots should be kept moist
but possible for the water to go through it for optimum growth.
There are some important advantages of Jasmine. In medication, this flower is often used for
soothing headaches, stimulating brain, and restoring balance. Its extract is also widely used in
the making of perfume.

Questions:
1. When does Jasmine release the most fragrance?
Answer : .............................................................................................................
2. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

Answer : .................................................................................................................
3. ” … it is often associated with …”, The word “associated” in is closest in meaning to ?

Answer :...................................................................................................................................
4. In planting Jasmine, the soil should be kept moist to make it ….
Answer : .................................................................................................................................

5. What is the generic structure of the text?

Answer : ...................................................................................................................

Activity 2: Vocabulary
Find the meaning of the following words! Use your dictionary!
1. Flower (N) :....................... 6. Cuttings (V) :...................
2. Grow (V) :........................ 7. Roots (N) :.................
3. Releases (V) :.................... 8. Through (V) :......................
4. TIime-moods (Adj) :................. 9. Advantages (V) :..................
5. Started (V) :.......................... 10. Restoring(V) :.....................

Activity 3: Identifying Schematic Structure

Identify the structure of the Report text in Activity 1

Paragraph Structure
I

II

Activity 4: Identifying Language Features

Read the following text carefully !
 Antibiotic is a drug produced by certain microbes. Antibiotics destroy other microbes that
damage human tissues. They are used to treat a wide variety of diseases, including gonorrhea,
tonsillitis and tuberculosis. Antibiotics are sometimes called ‘wonder drugs’ because they can
cure diseases such as meningitis, pneumonia and scarlet f

ever. But when the antibiotics are overused, or misused, these drugs make a person sensitive
being attacked by a superbug.
Antibiotics do not always distinguish between harmless and dangerous microbes. If a drug
destroys too many harmless micro-organism, the pathogenic ones -the dangerous microbes-
will have a greater chance to multiply. This situation often leads to the development of a new
infection called superinfection. Extensive use of some antibiotics may damage organs and
tissues. For example, streptomycin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, has caused kidney
damage and deafness.
Resistance to antibiotics may be acquired by pathogenic microbes. The resistant microbes
transfer genetic material to non-resistant microbes and cause them to become resistant.
During antibiotic treatment, non-resistant microbes are destroyed, but resistant types survive
and multiply.
To avoid the side effect of antibiotics, you’d better not urge your doctor to prescribe
antibiotics. Keep in mind that antibiotics are only useful for bacterial infections and have no
effect on viruses, so they cannot be used for children pox, measles, and other viral diseases.

Identify Language Features by answering the following question!

1. What tense does the text use ?
Answer : ........................................................................
2. Can you see action verbs?What are they?
Answer : .........................................................................
3. Can you find conjuctions?Mention!
Answer : ........................................................................
4. Mention modal verb used in the text!
Answer : ........................................................................
5. Does text use connective words?Mention!
Answer : ........................................................................

E. How to Write a Report Text

 After understanding how to make a good paragraph,Let’s go into a further
context,namely making a report . Report is a piece of writing that describe or -- as the name
implies --reports how a situation has occurred.

From: Ray Reynolds

To: Head of Environmental Major Kings College London
Date: March 20, 2018
Sub: Plastic Awareness Campaign

You recently asked me to submit a short report on “The Plastic Awareness Campaign” that I
have been conducting in the neighborhood. You asked that I submit a report within three
weeks of the start of the campaign.

The Plastic Awareness Campaign has been held in 10 cities until now. Workshops, interactive
sessions, as well as pamphlets are an integral part of the campaign.

Students have demonstrated a keen interest in our campaign. More than a hundred students
have come forth to join the campaign and encourage people to use plastic wisely. Students
enroll in workshops conducted by Mr. Das and others. They are asked to explore alternatives
other than plastic. They are also instructed in proper disposal of plastic and made aware of
the dangers of plastic to the environment.

The response to Plastic Awareness Campaign has been positive. Students show a lot of
interest in pursuing the campaign, even outside of their area.

I would like to recommend that the Plastic Awareness Campaign continue for another two
months. This will make it possible to educate several schools in the city. It would also be
helpful if students are taught how to make simple paper bags using old newspapers,
magazines, and books.

We can make The Plastic Awareness Campaign a running success in the city. Another more
detailed report will be represented to you in the event that the plastic campaign is extended.

Regards,

Ray Reynolds
Campaign Leader

F. Report Writing Stages

There are many types of reports; academic, business, technical; and its functions also various,
such as to analyze progress, provide information on data, and provide recommendations based on
research. Ultimately, the purpose of the report is to convey observations to the reader in a clear
and concise manner. Report writing format in English will have these stages:

Stage 1 - Writing Summary

Summary consists of main points, conclusions, and recommendations. This should be brief, as
this is an overview of the reportHere are some examples of sentences that you can use in writing
a summary to state when a project was carried out, what its objectives were, its phases, findings
and recommendations based on the data that had been obtained: Between August 2019 until
December 2019, we initiated a project to develop.... The phases of the project consisted of... 1st...
2nd... 3rd... The key findings are... 1... 2... 3..... By utilizing all the data
provided, we recommend...

Stage 2 - Introduction

The introduction will explain the problem at hand and why the report was made. Here are some
sample sentences that you can use in your introduction to state why the report was created, how
it will be done, and an explanation of jargons. Our goal in this report is to....

This report examines the issues that arose....

To accomplish our goalwe will be utilizing several tools: 1... 2... 3...

The definition of... is.....

Stage 3 - Body

Body or body is the main part of the report. The rest of the report should be written in plain
English. Since there are several sections, each should be clearly labeled, making it easier for
readers to find the information they are looking forMake sure when you write the main body of
this report to distinguish between facts and opinions.

Here are some sample sentences to state the facts:

The number shows....

Based on this data,...

The figure illustrates...

By December 2019, we generated a revenue of...

Here are some examples of sentences to express an opinion:

Personally, I believe that....

1 consider...

I am certain that...

I have no doubt that

B. Passive Voice

In a Report Text , sometimes we can use passive sentences or passive voice. You can
differentiate passive voice with active voice. Look at the following example!

Active voice = The visitors can buy tickets in the entrance area.

Passive voice = The tickets can be bought (by the visitors) in the entrance area.

Using passive voice is also a way to avoid informal personal pronouns.Passive voice is usually
used when the focus is on the action. Here is the pattern.

Passive Voice : Be + Verb 3

We use passive voice in the following situations.

1. When we don’nt know or actor.
2. When we think that the actor is not important.
3. When we want to hide the actor.Its purpose is to make the sentence more polite.
4. When we talk about the general truth or fact.
5. When we are writing in scientific genre or academic writing.
The Patterns:
Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
S + to be (am, are, is) + V3 + by +
Simple present tense S + V1 + O O
Present continuous S + to be (am, are, is) + V1- S + to be (am, are, is) + being +
tense ing + O V3 + by + O
S + have/has + been + V3 + by +
Present perfect tense S + have/has + V3 + O O
Present perfect S + have/has + been + V1- S + have/has + been + being + V3
continuous tense ing+ O + by + O
S + to be (was/were) + V3 + by +
Simple past tense S + V2 + O O
S + to be (was, were) + V1- S + to be (was/were) + being + V3
Past continuous tense ing + O + by + O
Past perfect tense S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 + by + O
Past perfect continuous S + had + been + being + V3 + by
tense S + had + been + V1-ing + O + O
Simple future tense S + will not + V1 + O S + will be + V3 + by + O
Future continuous S + will + be + being + V3 + by +
tense S + will + be + V1-ing + O O
S + will + have + been + V3 + by +
Future perfect tense S + will + have + V3 + O O
Future perfect S + will + have + been + V1- S + will + have + been + being +
continuous tense ing + O O
Simple past future
tense S + would + V1 + O S + would + be + V3 + by + O
Past future continuous S + would + be + being + V3 + by
tense S + would + be + V1-ing + O + O
Past future perfect S + would + have + been + V3 +
tense S + would + have + V1 + O by + O
Past future perfect S + would + have + been + S + would + have + been + being+
continuous tense V1-ing + O V3 + by + O
S + may/can/must + be + V3 + by
Modals (present) S + may/can/must + V1 + O + O
S + might/could/had to + V1 S + might/could/had to + be + V3
Modals (past) +O + by + O
S + has to/have to + be + V3 + by
Infinitive S + has to/have to + V1 + O + O
S + to be (am, are, is) + S + to be (am, are, is) + going to +
Going to going to + V1 + O be + V3 + by + O

Activity 1: Making Passive Voice

Change the following sentences into passive voice!
1.The government created a national park outside the protected forest.

Answer: ...............................................................................................................................

2.My brother is feeding the fish in the pond.

Answer: ..................................................................................................................................

3. They will divide the garden into two parts: one for sunflowers and the other for cactuses.

Answer: ...................................................................................................................................

4. We put the gold fish and the anemon are put in the aquarium (by us).

Answer: ................................................................................................................................

5. We can find fish in rivers.

Answer: .................................................................................................................................

6. The tiger has killed two rabbits for its meal.

Answer: ...................................................................................................................................

7. Tourist admired the beauty of Mount Bromo.

Answer: .....................................................................................................................................

8. The farmer was digging the soil to plant a mango tree.

Answer: .....................................................................................................................................

9. We call somebody who loves to take care of birds a bird lover.

Answer: .......................................................................................................................................

10. The forest provides food and shelter for the wild animals.

Answer: .......................................................................................................................................

Daily Assessment

A. Choose the correct answer by crossing A,B,C,D, or E!

This text is for questions 1 to 3

Carnation or Dianthus caryophyllus is the most popular commercial cut

flower.It is a herbaceous plant native to the Mediterranean area and belongs to the
 family of Caryophyllaceae.It is widely cultivated for its fringe – petaled flower,which
often have a sweet scen.
Carnation can grow to 80 centimetres tall. They have narrow bluish green
leaves.The flowers are 3-5 centimetres in diameter and borne on wiry,stiffly erect
stems.They vary in colour including pinkish – purple,red,white,yellow and
green.Carnations are often used on special occasions,such as Mother`s Day and
weddings.

1. What are the carnation leaves like ?

A. They are mostly pinkish-purple
B. They are 80 centimetres long
C. They have sweet scent
D. They are thorny
E. They are narrow
2. What is the monologue about ?
A. Carnation
B. Cut flowers.
C. Herbaceous plants
D. Mediterranean plants
E. Sweet – scented flowers.
3.From the text we can conclude that Carnation have...
A. Narrow bluish green leaves
B. leaf bone
C. leaf rib
D. split
E. muddy leaf

This text is for questions 4 to 6

What are houses in cold climates like?Let me tell you.In cold climates,thereis more rain
and snow than there is sun .So the houses have steep,slopingroofs,so that the snow can slide
down from the top – otherwise , there is a risk of the roof breaking under the weight

The windows are small ,to keep the warm air inside ,and the cold air out .The walls are
large and painted ,to absorb as much as heat as possible. In Russia ,the beds are often
mounted on big ,ceramic heaters !
 When is cold ,there are also fewer daylight hours which bring valuable heat from the
sun .This is way ,until quite recently,the kitchen was the main room of the house ,getting heat
and light at the same time .

Today ,the houses in many cold countries have central heating and electricity to give
light all through the day .But not long ago,to read a book in the warm whilst it snowed and
rained outside seemed like a miracle – not only at home ,but also at school.

4..Why do houses in cold climates have small windows?

A. To bring valuable heat from the sun.

B. To absorb as much heat as possible .

C. To keep the hot air out

D. To receive light throught the day.

E. To keep the warm air inside

5.. What is the main room of the houses according to the text?

A. The bedroom

B. The living room

C. The kitchen.

D. The bathroom

E. The diningroom

6.. There is a risk of the roof breaking under the weight ?

A. a danger

B. a secure

C. a quiet

D. a reassure

E. a pacify

This text is for questions 7 to 10.

Gold is a precious metal. Gold is used as ornaments or as money. Gold is found in many
places, but in a small supply. It is often found on the surface of the earth. Since gold is a
heavy substance, it is sometimes found loose on bottom of rivers. The gold is found together
with sand and rocks, and must be separated from them. It is simple to search for this type of
gold. It is not usually necessary to drill for gold, but when a layer of gold is located deep
below the surface of the earth, it is possible to drill a hole into the ground. Engineers have
developed modern process for removing gold from rocks. Since gold is not very hard, it is
sometimes melted and added to other substances for making rings, coins, and art objects. It
will be priced forever because it is beautiful, rare, and useful.

7. The best title of the text above is …..

A. Gold
B. Type of Gold
C. Previous Metal
D Rare Ornaments
E. Removing Gold from Rocks

8. The following are associated with gold, EXCEPT …..

A. useful
B. precious
C. beautiful
D expensive
E. Unnecessary

9. The text above is mainly intended to …. about gold.

A. discuss
B. classify
C. describe
D. elaborate
E. Document

10. “It will be priced forever because….” (Paragraph 4). The word “priced” means ……
A. valuable
B. worthless
C. interesting
D. wonderful
E. eye catching

This text is for questions 11 to 14.

Komodo dragon is a member of the monitor family, Varanidae. It is the world’s largest living
lizards. It grows to be 10 feet (3 meters) long and weighs up to 126 kg and belong to the most
ancient group of lizards still alive.
It is found mainly in the island of Komodo and on other small islands, Rinca, Padar, and
Flores. The natives call the dragon, ora, or buaya darat (land crocodile).
The Komodo dragon has a long heavy tail, short, strong legs, and rough skin. It is covered
with small dull, colored scales. It can sprint at up 18 km per hours, but only for short
distances. When it opens its wide red moth, it shows row of teeth like the edge of a saw.
Komodo dragons are good simmers and may swim the long distance from one island to
another. Like other lizards, they swim by undulating their tails, and their legs held against
their body.
The Komodo dragon is totally carnivorous. It hunts other animals during the day. It hunts
deer, wild pigs, water buffaloes, and even horses. While smaller komodos have to be content
with eggs, other lizards, snakes and rodents. Komodo dragons are cannibals. The adult will
prey on the young one as well as the old and sick dragons.
Lizard digs a cave with its strong claws in the cave at night.

11. The main idea of paragraph 5 is …

A. komodo dragons feed on young dragons.
B. komodo dragons get their food by hunting.
C. komodo dragons are carnivorous and also cannibals
D. komodo dragons are cannibals because they hunt other animals.
E. komodo dragons are carnivorous because they eat eggs, meat and rodents.

12. Which of the following is not the characteristic of a komodo dragon?

A. Rough skin
B. Strong claws
C. A long heavy tail
D. Short, strong legs
E. Rows of red teeth

13. The writer’s purpose in writing the text is ….

A. to retell the events in Komodo Island.
B. to inform about classification of komodo.
C. to describe about komodo dragon in general.
D. to persuade reader to keep komodo habitat.
E. to entertain reader with the story of komodo.

14. Komodo dragons are cannibals because …

A. they hunt deer, wild pigs, water buffaloes and even horses.
B. they prey on young ones as well as old and sick dragons

C. they feed on eggs, lizards, snakes and rodents.

D. they eat anything they meet.

E. they will attack in self-defense.

This text is for questions 15 to 17.

Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon, without

making physical contact with the object. In modern usage, the term generally refers to the use
of aerial sensor technology to detect and classify objects on Earth (both on the surface, and in
the atmosphere and ocean) by means of propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation
emitted from aircraft or satellites).
There are two main types or remote sensing: passive remote sensing and active remote
sensing. Passive sensors detect natural radiation that is emitted or reflected by the objects or
surrounding area being observed. Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation
measured by passive censors. Examples of passive remote sensors include film photography,
infra-red, charge-coupled devices, and radiometers. Active collection, on the other hand,
emits energy in order to scan objects and areas whereupon a sensor then detects and measures
the radiation that is reflected or backscattered from the target. RADAR and LIDAR are
examples of active remote sensing where the time delay between emission and return is
measured, stabilizing the location, height, speed and direction of an object.

15. From the text we know that remote sensing…

A. Is a way to obtain information about an object or phenomenon
B. Does not difficult to do
C. Makes physical contact with the object
D Does not make use of censors
E. Does not make use propagated signal
16. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Active sensing is better than passive sensing
B. The energy in sunlight is important for remote sensing
C. Passive sensing is not as strong as active sensing
D. The source of energy radiated for sensing determines whether it is the active or passive type
E. Active remote sensing and passive remote sensing are equally useful for the development of
knowledge and technology

17. Based on the text we can say that…

A. Remote sensing is expensive technology
B. Remote sensing is useful for transportation
C. We can apply the technology to study animals
D Medical science can be improved through remote sensing
E. Remote sensing make it possible to collect information of an object in a dangerous area

This text is for questions 18 to 20.

The platypus is a semi-aquatic mammal endemic to East to North Australia, including

Tazmania. It is one of the five extreme species of mono-dreams. The only mammal that lays
eggs instead of giving birth to live young. The body and the broad flat tail of these animals
are covered with dense brown fur, that traps a lay including ear to keep the animals warm. It
uses its tail for story joy fact. It has webbed feet and the large robbery’s net. These are species
that are be closer to those of ducks, then to these any known mammals. Weight varies
considerably from 0.7 to 2.4 kg with males being larger than females. And male averages 50
cm total length whiles the female major approximately 45 cm. The platypus has an average
temperature of 32 degrees Celsius rather than 37 degrees Celsius that is typical of the
placental mammals.

18. What animal is being described in the monologue?

A. Octopus.
B. Rhinoceros.
C. Platypus
D. Mosquitos.
E. Hippopotamus.
19. How much does the Platypus weigh?
A. 0.7 to 2.4 kg
B. 0.7 to 2.5 kg.
C. 0.7 to 2.6 kg.
D. 0.7 to 2.7 kg.
E. 0.7 to 2.8 kg.
20. What is the type of this text
A. Narrative Text
B. Report Text.
C. Descriptive Text
D. Recount Text
E. Spoof Text.
Exercise 1
A.Change the following sentences into passive voice!

1. My sister is making a tasty cake now.

Answer : ..............................................................

2. I clean my room every day.

Answer : ..............................................................

3. Tom bought a nice present yesterday.

Answer : ................................................................

4. Ann will sing a beautiful song.

Answer : ..................................................................
5. Tim sent an SMS to his friend.

Answer : ...................................................................

6. She has written a test today.

Answer : ....................................................................

7. They visited that museum yesterday.

Answer : .....................................................................

8. We have bought tickets to concert.

Answer : ......................................................................

9. I am watching a football match now.

Answer : .......................................................................

10. They grow strawberries every day.

Answer : .......................................................................

Exercise 2

B.Read the following text answer the questions!

For many years people believed that the cleverest animals after man were the chimpanzees.
Now, however, there is a proof that dolphins may be even cleverer than these big apes.
Although a dolphin lives in the sea, it is not a fish. It is a mammal. It is in many ways, therefore,
like a human being.
Dolphins have a simple language. They are able to talk to one another. It may be possible for
man to learn how to talk to dolphins. But, this will not be easy because dolphins cannot hear the
kind of sounds man can make. If man wants to talk to dolphins, therefore, he will have to make a
third language which both he and the dolphins can understand.
Dolphins are also very friendly toward man. They often follow ships. There are many stories
about dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous waters.
Questions:

1. What is the purpose of the text above?

2. The first paragraph of the text is called
3. What kind of animal is dolphin?
4. Why talking to dolphin is not easy?
5. What is the characteristic of dolphin according to the text?