Apéndices

A.2 FACTORES DE CONVERSIÓN.

A.2.1 LONGITUD
1 in = 2.540 cm = 8.333 x 10-2 ft
1 Angstrom = 10-10 m
1 milla = 5280 ft
1m = 3.28 ft = 39.37 in
1 ft = 12 in = 30.48 cm = 0.3048 m
A.2.2 ÁREA
1 m2 = 104 cm2 =1549.9 in2 = 10.76 ft2
1 in2 = 6.9 x 10-3 ft2 = 6.45 cm2 = 6.45 x 10-4 m2
1 ft2 = 144 in2 = 0.093 m2
A.2.3 VOLUMEN
1 in3 = 16.387 cm3 = 5.787 x10-4 ft3 = 4.329 x 10-3 gal USA = 1.639 X 10-2 l = 1.639 X 10-5
1 ft3 = 1.728 x 103 in3 = 28.317 litros = 0.028317 m3 = 7.481 galón USA
1 m3 = 264.17 gal USA = 35.313 ft3 = 6.102 x 104 in3 = 1000 l.
1 gal USA = 4 cuartos = 3.7854 litros = 3785.4 cm3
1 gal inglés = 1.20094 gal USA
A.2.4 MASA
1 lbm = 453.6 g = 0.4536 kg = 16 oz = 7000 granos
1 kg = 2.2046 lbm
1 ton (corta) = 2000 lbm
1 ton (larga) = 2240 lbm
1 ton (métrica) = 1000 kg
A.2.5 FUERZA
1 dina = 1 g.cm/s2 = 10-5 N = 7.2330 x 10-5 lbm.ft/s2 (poundal) = 2.2481x10-6 lbf
1 N = 1 kg.m/s2 = 0.22481 lbf = 105 dina
1 lbf = 4.4482 N = 32.174 lbmft/s2
A.2.6 TEMPERATURA
°
R = °F + 459.67

A.2.7 TEMPERATURA, DIFERENCIA DE

∆T = 1 K = 1 °C = 1.8 °F = 1.8 °R
A.2.8 PRESIÓN
1 Pa = 1 N/m2 = 1 kg/m.s2
1 bar = 1x10-5 Pa
1lbf/in2 abs = 1psia = 2.0360 in de Hg a 0° C = 2.311ft de agua a 70° F
1 lbf/in2 abs = 51.715 mm Hg a 0° C (Hg= 13.5955 g/cm3)
1 atm = 14.696 psia = 1.01325x105 Pa = 1.01325 bar = 760 mm de Hg a 0° C
1 atm = 29.921 in Hg a 0° C = 33.9 ft de agua a 4° C
1 psia = 6.89476x104 dina/cm2 = 6.89476x103 Pa
1 mm Hg (0° C) = 133.3 Pa = 1.316 x 10-3 atm = 1.333 x 10-3 bar = 3.937 x 10-2 in Hg.
1 torr = 1 mmHg
1 lbf/in2 abs = 144 lbf/ft2 = 0.07307 kgf/cm2 = 703.067 kgf/m2 = 0.068046 atm
1 kgf/cm2 =14.223 lbf/in2

40 Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas

Apéndices Fenómenos de Transporte

A.2.9 ENERGÍA
1J = 1N.m = 1 kg.m2/s2 = 107 g.cm2/s2 (erg)
1 btu = 1055.06 J = 1.05506 kJ = 252 cal = 778. 17 ft.lbf
1 cal = 4.18 J = 1.62 x 10-6 kW-h = 1.558 x 10-6 hp-h = 3.97 x 10-3 btu = 3.086 lbf.ft
1 hp.h = 0.7457 kW.h = 2544.5 btu = 6.4162 x 105 cal = 2.6845 x 106 J = 1.98 x 106 lbf.ft
1 ft.lbf = 1.356 J = 3.766 x 10-7 kW-h = 5.05 x 10-7 hp-h = 1.285 x 10-3 btu = 0.3241 cal
1 W.h = 3.415 btu
1 kW-h = 1.341 hp-h = 3.4128 x 103 btu = 8.6057 x 105 cal = 3.6 x 106 J
A.2.10 POTENCIA
1 W = 1 J/s
1 hp = 0.74570 kW = 550 lbf.ft/s = 0.7068 btu/s
1 watt = 14.34 cal/min
1 btu/h = 0.29307 W
1 kW = 1.3415 hp = 737.56 lbf.ft/s = 0.9478 btu/s
1 lbf.ft/s = 1.818 x 10-3 hp = 1.356 x 10-3 kW = 1.285 x 10-3 btu/s
1 btu/s = 1.415 hp = 1.055 kW = 778.16 lbf.ft/s
A.2.11 VISCOSIDAD
1 centipoise = 1 cp = 10-2 g/cm.s (poise) = 2.42 lbm/ft.h = 6.7197x10-4 lbm/ft.s
1 cP = 10-3 Pa.s = 10-3 kg/m.s = 10-3 N.s/m2 = 2.08 x 10-5 lbf.s/ft2
1 Pa.s = 1 N/s.m2 = 1000 cP = 0.67107 lbm/ft.s
A.2.12 CONDUCTIVIDAD TÉRMICA
1 btu/h.ft.°F = 4.1365x10-3 cal/s.cm.°C = 1.73073 W/m.K = 1.49 kcal/h.m.°C
A.2.13 CAPACIDAD CALORÍFICA Y ENTALPÍA
1 btu/lbm.°F = 1.000 cal/g.°C = 4.18 kJ/kg.K
1 btu/lbm = 2326.0 J/kg
1 lbf.ft/lbm = 2.9890 J/kg
A.2.14 DIFUSIVIDAD DE MASA
1 cm2/s = 3.875 ft2/h = 10-4 m2/s
1 m2/h = 10.764 ft2/h
1m2/s = 3.875x104 ft2/h
1 centistoke = 1 cS = 10-2 cm2/s
1 Pa.s = 1 N.s/m2 = 1 kg/m.s = 1000 cP
A.2.15 COEFICIENTES DE TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR
1 btu/h.ft2.°F = 1.3571x10-4 cal/s.cm2.°C = 5.6783x10-4 W/cm2.°C = 5.6783 W/m2.K
1 kcal/h.m2.°C = 0.2048 btu/h.ft2.°F
A.2.16 COEFICIENTES DE TRANSFERENCIA DE MASA
1 kc cm/s = 10-2 m/s
1 kc ft/h = 8.4668x10-5 m/s
1 kx mol/s.cm2.fraccmol = 10 kmol/s.m2.fraccmol = 1x104 mol/s.m2.fraccmol
1 kx lbmol/h.ft2.fracc.mol = 1.3562x10-3 kmol/s.m2.fraccmol
1 kxa lbmol/h.ft3.fraccmol = 4.449x10-3 kmol/s.m3.fraccmol
1 kG kmol/s.m2.atm = 0.98692x10-5 kmol/s.m2.Pa
1 kG kmol/s.m3. atm = 0.98692x10-5 kmol/s.m3.Pa

Departamento de Ingeniera Bioquímica 41