Python Programming

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Python Identifiers, Keywords,
Reading Input, Output
Formatting
Learning outcomes:

• What is an Identifier
• Keywords
• Reading Input
• Taking multiple inputs from user
• Output Formatting
• Python end parameter
What is an Identifier?

• A Python identifier is a name used to identify a

variable, function, class, module, or other
object. An identifier starts with a letter A to Z or
a to z, or an underscore (_) followed by zero or
more letters, underscores and digits (0 to 9).
• Python does not allow punctuation characters
such as @, $, and % within identifiers. Python is
a case sensitive programming language. Thus,
Man and man are two different identifiers in
Python. It helps to differentiate one entity from
another.
What is an Identifier?

Example:

Age10 <<- Valid

10Age <<- Invalid(identifier cannot start with a digit)
Age_10 <<- Valid
if =10 <<- Invalid (Keywords cannot be used as
identifiers.)
_Age_10 <<- Valid
Age@ = 10 <<- Invalid (We cannot use special
symbols like !, @, #, $, % etc. in our identifier.)
Keywords in Python

Keywords are the reserved words in Python.

We cannot use a keyword as
a variable name, function name or any other
identifier. They are used to define the syntax and
structure of the Python language.
In Python, keywords are case sensitive.
There are 35 keywords in Python 3.7. This number
can vary slightly over the course of time.
All the keywords except True, False and None are in
lowercase and they must be written as they are.
The list of all the keywords is given below.
Keywords in Python

False await else import pass

None break except in raise

True class finally is return

and continue for lambda try

as def from nonlocal while

assert del global not with

async elif if or yield

Keywords in Python

We can get the complete list of keywords using

python interpreter help utility.

$ Python 3.8.5
>>> help()
help> keywords
Reading input in Python

Developers often have a need to interact

with users, either to get data or to provide
some sort of result. Most programs today
use a dialog box as a way of asking the user
to provide some type of input.
Reading input in Python

2
functions

input()
- Python
v3.x
raw_input()
- Python
v2.x
Reading input in Python

raw_input ( ) : This function works in older

version (like Python 2.x). This function takes
exactly what is typed from the keyboard,
convert it to string and then return it to the
variable in which we want to store.
For example :
name = raw_input("Enter your name : ")
Print (name)
Reading input in Python

input ( ) : Python has an input() function

which lets you ask a user for some
text input. You call this function to tell the
program to stop and wait for the user to
input the data.
For example:
num = input ("Enter number :")
print(num)
Reading input in Python

input ( ) : Python has an input() function

which lets you ask a user for some
text input. You call this function to tell the
program to stop and wait for the user to
input the data.
For example:
num = input ("Enter number :")
print(num)
Reading input in Python

When input() function executes program flow will

be stopped until the user has given an input.
The text or message display on the output screen
to ask a user to enter input value is optional i.e. the
prompt, will be printed on the screen is optional.
Whatever you enter as input, input function
convert it into a string. if you enter an integer value
still input() function convert it into a string. You
need to explicitly convert it into an integer in your
code using typecasting.
Reading input in Python

Taking integer input from user:

There might be conditions when you might require
integer input from user/Console, the following
code takes two input(integer/float) from console
and typecasts them to integer then prints the sum.
For example:
num1 = int(input())
num2 = int(input())
# printing the sum in integer
print(num1 + num2)
Taking multiple inputs from user

Developer often wants a user to enter

multiple values or inputs in one line. In
C++/C user can take multiple inputs in one
line using scanf() but in Python user can take
multiple values or inputs in one line using
split() method.
Taking multiple inputs from user

Using split() method :

This function helps in getting a multiple
inputs from user . It breaks the given input
by the specified separator. If separator is not
provided then any white space is a separator.
Generally, user use a split() method to split a
Python string but one can used it in taking
multiple input.
Syntax :
input().split(separator, maxsplit)
Taking multiple inputs from user

Using split() method :

Example:

x, y = input("Enter a two value: ").split()

print("Number of boys: ", x)
print("Number of girls: ", y)
Output Formatting
There are several ways to present the output
of a program, data can be printed in a
human-readable form, or written to a file for
future use. Sometimes user often wants
more control the formatting of output than
simply printing space-separated values.
There are several ways to format output.
 Output Formatting
Formatting is done using

Output
Formatting

Format String Module (%)

Method Method Operator
Output Formatting
Formatting output using String modulo
operator(%) :
The % operator can also be used for string
formatting. It interprets the left argument much
like a printf()-style format string to be applied to
the right argument.
In Python, there is no printf() function but the
functionality of the ancient printf is contained in
Python.
Output Formatting
Formatting output using String modulo
operator(%) :
To this purpose, the modulo operator % is
overloaded by the string class to perform string
formatting. Therefore, it is often called string
modulo (or sometimes even called modulus)
operator.
String modulo operator ( % ) is still available in
Python(3.x) and user is using it widely. But
nowadays the old style of formatting is removed
from the language.
Output Formatting
Formatting output using String modulo
operator(%) :
Example:
# print integer and float value
print("Rank : %d, Percentage : %f" %(1, 95.333))

# print integer value

print("Total students :%d, Boys :%d" %(240, 120))
Output Formatting
Formatting output using String modulo
operator(%) :
Example:
print("Total students :%5d, Boys :%d" %(240,
120))

Here 5 means "use at least 5 spaces to display,

padding as needed“

print ("Growth is %.3f" %(10.57)) # output 10.570

Output Formatting
Formatting output using format method :
The format() method was added in Python(2.6).
Format method of strings requires more manual
effort. User use {} to mark where a variable will be
substituted and can provide detailed formatting
directives, but user also needs to provide the
information to be formatted. This method lets us
concatenate elements within an output through
positional formatting.
Output Formatting
Formatting output using format method :
Example:
print('I am learning {} from "{}!"'.format('Python',
'Expert'))
# using format() method and referring
# a position of the object
print('{0} and {1}'.format('Python', 'Expert'))
print('{1} and {0}'.format('Python', 'Expert'))
A number in the brackets can be used to refer to
the position of the object passed into
the format() method.
Output Formatting
Formatting output using String method :
In this output is formatted by using string slicing
and concatenation operations. The string type has
some methods that help in formatting a output in
an fancier way. Some of method which help in
formatting a output are
str.ljust(), str.rjust(), str.centre()
Output Formatting
Formatting output using String method :
Example:
cstr = "I love Python Programming"
# Printing the center aligned string with fillchr
print ("Center aligned string with fillchr: ")
print (cstr.center(40, '#'))
# Printing the left aligned string with "-" padding
print ("The left aligned string is : ")
print (cstr.ljust(40, '-'))
# Printing the right aligned string with "-" padding
print ("The right aligned string is : ")
print (cstr.rjust(40, '-'))
Python end parameter in print()

By default python’s print() function ends with a

newline. A programmer with C/C++ background
may wonder how to print without newline.
Python’s print() function comes with a parameter
called ‘end’. By default, the value of this parameter
is ‘\n’, i.e. the new line character. You can end a
print statement with any character/string using this
parameter.
Example:
Thank you