Sketching geometric shapes
After studying this module, students are expected to:
1. identify the different geometrical figures;
2. trace patterns and guides needed to create a geometrical shapes; and
3. appreciate the construction of the pattern development of geometric figures.
Sketching Geometrical Figures
Geometric figures can be defined as a figure or area closed by a boundary which is
created by combining the specific amount of curves, points, and lines. It includes points, lines
and angles; planes (circle, ellipse, rectangle, square, regular polygon, triangle etc); and solids
(cone, pyramid, cube, prism, sphere, cylinder, etc). All geometrical figures are rather imaginary
or invisible, but geometrical figures resemble real life objects that we can see everyday
(Example : A coin which resembles a circle or a ball that resembles a sphere, or a can of
sardines that represents a cylinder and so on.)
In geometry, any shape starts with a point and seemingly the movement of the point
produces a line and shapes.
In drafting, a pointed mark made by a pencil or drawing pen is assumed to be a point,
and an extension or prolongation of the pencil or pen point is a line,
If a line meets end-to-end, it produces a form or shape. The following lines and forms are
shown in visible figures so that they can easily be understood or interpreted.
QUADRILATERALS
● Quadrilateral – It is a four sided plane (Example: trapezoid, square, rectangle and
parallelogram)
● Parallelogram – A form of quadrilateral which two opposite sides are parallel (Example:
Square, rhombus and rectangle)
○ Rectangle – It has four right angles and the two of its opposite sides are equal
and parallel.
○ Square – It has four equal sides and four right angles.
○ Rhombus – It has four equal sides, but the angles are not right angle.
● Trapezoid – It is a quadrilateral with one of its two opposite sides are parallel and the
other opposite sides are not parallel and unequal in length
● Trapezium – It is a quadrilateral with no equal length in sides and no equal angles.
TRIANGLES
Triangles consist of three connected segments. It has four kinds: right triangle,
equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, and scalene triangle.
● Right Triangle – It has an angle of 90 degrees.
● Equilateral Triangle – All sides and angles are equal.
● Isosceles Triangle – two of its sides are equal
● Scalene Triangle – None of its sides are equal.
CIRCLE
A circle is a shape which has no straight lines and a combination of curves that are
connected. Any point on this curve or circumference is equidistant from its center. The major
parts of a circle are the radius, diameter, circumference, chord and sector.
An ellipse is also a shape bounded by a curved line but without a common center. It has
a major and minor diameter. A circle seen below or above the eye level appears as an ellipse
A cone is a three dimensional figure or a geometric solid with a single circular base
tapering to an apex/vertex. If a cone is cut parallel to its base, the bottom portion is called a
frustum of the cone and the upper part is a smaller cone. If the cutting plane is oblique or
inclined, the resulting cone is truncated
A pyramid is a three dimensional solid figure with a polygonal base and lateral faces
that taper to an apex/vertex. The base of which is either square, triangular, rectangular, or
polygonal in shape. Like the cone, a pyramid can be cut to form a frustum or truncated pyramid.
A prism is also a three dimensional solid figure with a polygonal base that is either a
square, rectangle, triangular or any polygonal shape. A prism with a square-shaped base is
called a square prism. If the other five sides of a square prism are equal in size with its base,
the figure is called a cube.
A cylinder is also a three dimensional solid figure which has a circular base (but not
necessarily a perfect circle) and its sides are either vertical or inclined. A cylinder with a vertical
side is called an upright cylinder, while one with an inclined side is called an oblique cylinder. A
cylinder may be truncated in form.
A sphere is a three dimensional solid figure that consists of all points that are equidistant
from its center. All cross-sections of a sphere are circles.
A regular polygon is a geometric shape in which all sides are equal and the angles are
equal also. Some common polygons are the pentagon (5-sided), hexagon (6-sided), octagon
(8-sided), and decagon (10-sided).
