Name: Andrian Bulac

BPED 1
MODULE 3: Problem Solving and Reasoning
Exercise1
A. Answer the following based on concepts of inductive and deductive reasoning.

1. Use deductive or inductive reasoning to tell whether the mathematical statement is

TRUE or FALSE. If false, provide a counterexample. Assume x is any real number.
A. True
B. True

C. True
D. True
E. False→all primary are odd expect for 2 because it's an even number
2. Use inductive reasoning to predict the next number in the following lists
a. 3,6,9,12,15,18

→The number 3,6,9,12, 15 are factor of 3. You get these factors by adding 3 to the
succeeding number 15+3=18, therefore 18 is also a factor of 3.
b. 1,3,6,10,15,21
→1,3,6,10,15 are triangular numbers. Starry 1 add 2 then add more each time

1x2÷2=1,2x3÷2=3,3x4÷2=6,4x5÷2=10,5x6÷2=15,6x7÷2=21, therefore this is the next number

in these series.
3. Determine whether each of the following arguments is an example of inductive or
deductive reasoning.
a. Inductive
b. Inductive
c. Deductive
d. Inductive
e. Inductive

Exercise2
B. Answer the following based on the strategy presented above.
1. 5, 14, 27, 44, 65, 90
Given:

5,14,27,44,65,_
Required: the answer to the next number in the sequence.
Devise:
0+5-1=5→ 1st term
5+9-1=14→2nd term
14+13-1=27→3rd term
27+17-1=44→4th term
44+22-1=65→5th term

-carry out the plan-

5,14,27,44,65,90
∨∨∨∨∨
9 13 17 21 25
∨∨∨∨
4444
-look back-
9,14,27,44,65,90

2. 2,7, 24, 59, 118, 207, 332

Given: 2,7, 24, 59, 118, 207,_
Required: the next number in the sequence
-Devise the plan-
2→1st term

2x6÷6=7→2nd terms
24x6÷6=24→3rd terms
59x6÷6=59→4th terms
118x6÷6=118→5th terms

207x6÷6=207→6th terms
-carry out the plan-
2,7, 24, 59, 118, 207, 332
∨∨∨∨∨∨
5,17, 35, 59, 89, 125
∨∨∨∨∨
66666
There is a common difference of 6,therefore the next is 332
Look back

2,7, 24, 59, 118, 207, 332

Exercise3
C. Solve the problem by working backwards applying Polya’s 4-step in problem solving.
In consecutive turns of Monopoly game, Stacy first paid P4 000 for a hotel. She then

lost half her money when she landed on Boardwalk. Next, she collected P1 000 for
passing Go. She then lost half her remaining money when she landed on Illinois
Avenue. Stacy now has P125 000. How much did she have just before she purchased
the hotel?
Understand the problem:
Given: ₱ 4,000 hotel payment, ₱ 1,000 collected for passing go, ₱ 125,000

Required: the amount of Stacy had before purchasing the hotel

Device plan:
Start with ₱ 125,000 then add ₱ 4,000
-Carry out the plan-

₱125,000+ ₱ 4,000 = ₱ 129,000

Checking:
₱ 129,000 balance the beginning
₱ 4,000 total payment
₱ 125, money Stacy has now
Therefore ,Stacy had ₱ 129,000 before she purchased the hotel.
Exercise4
D. Solve the problem by working backwards applying Polya’s 4-step in problem solving.
Sarah leaves Seattle for New York in her car, averaging 80 mph across open country.

One hour later a plane leaves Seattle for New York following the same route and
flying 400 mph. How long before the plane overtakes the car?
Understand the problem.
Given: 80 mph Sarah leaves seattle for NY in her car, 1hour later plane left to settle for New
York at 400 mph
Required: time before plane overtake care
Device plan
Distance = Rate x Time

Sarah x =80
t=1hr
Carry out the plan
RxT=D

Sarah 80 1hr 80
Plane 400 x 400x

80/400=80/400 when converted into min:

x=80/400 0.2x60min/1hr
x=0.2 =12 minutes

Therefore, the plane will take over the car after 12 minutes.
Exercise5
E. Solve the problem by applying Polya’s 4-step in problem solving.
A baseball team won two out of their last four games. In how many different orders
could they have two wins and two losses in four games?
Understand the problem.

Given: 2 wins ; 4 games

Required : Different order of two wins and two loses in four games.
Device plan
The number of wins(x) the number of loses (y) divided by : x= total event

4 n!/x!y!=m
Carry out the plan:
1. x,x,y,y
2. x,y,x,y
3. y,y,x,x
4. y,x,y,x
5. x,y,y,x
6. y,x,x,y

Or n!/x!y!=4!/2!2!=24/4=6
Checking
Therefore there is 6 orders the baseball team could have 2 wins and 2 loses for 4 games
Exercise6

F. Solve the problem by applying Polya’s 4-step in problem solving.

Determine the unit’s digit (ones digit) of 4200
Exercise7
G. Solve the problem. Show your solution.

1. Stacey has an 11-liter can filled with water and a 5-liter empty can. How can she
Steps:
1. Fill the 5- liters can from the 11 liters can
2. Empty the 5 liters can

3. From 6 liters in the 11- liters can to the 5 liters can.

4. Empty the 5- liters can again
5. Transfer the remaining 1 liter in 11- liters can to the 5 liters can
6. Fill the 11-liters can with water and Transfer 4 liters of water to 5 liters can
7. Empty the 5 liters can

11L 5L
6 5
6 0
1 5
1 0
 11 1
7 5
7 0 in

measure out exactly 7 liters of water?

2. Brianna, Ryan, Tyler, and Ashley were recently elected as the new class officers
(president, vice president, secretary, treasurer) of the sophomore class at Summit

College. From the following clues, determine which position each holds.
a. Ashley is younger than the president but older than the treasurer.
b. Brianna and the secretary are both the same age, and they are the youngest members of the
group.

c. Tyler and the secretary are next-door neighbors.

President V-president Secretary Treasure

Ryan X ✓ X X
Brianna X X X ✓
Tyler ✓ X X X
Ashley X X ✓ X
PORTFOLIO ENTRY:
1) Write a reflection paper by answering the following:
a) What kind of reasoning you often used in your daily life?
• For me the kind of reasoning that I often used in my daily life is the
deductive, because it is taking proven or known truths and deducing a
certain conclusion based on a logical system of thought. When we apply
one or more properties or rules in order to teach a conclusion. An
example: “I had two cookies on the counter a minute ago. Now, there is
only one cookie on the counter. My sister is the only other person in the
house. I did not take the missing cookie. Therefore, my sister must have
takin it. “ that’s obviously not the best example in the world, but it’s the
easiest to see.
b) When having an argument, how do you convince your opponent about your
argument?
• In times like these when political arguments are finally taking place
between people, but at the cost of our friendships, it’s important to know
the rules of good, healthy argument. Arguing without knowing how to
argue can hurt the people we love. There are the process on how to argue
with kindness and care to convince my opponent in my arguments without
hurting our feelings. First, attempt to re-express your targets position so
clearly, vividly and fairly. Second, list any points of agreement (especially
if they are not matters of general or widespread agreement). Last but not
the least, only then are you permitted to say so much as a word of rebuttal
or criticism.
PS. If you are sincere and true to your argument you will convince or win
to you opponent.
c) How do you solve your problems in life?
• I can solve my problems in life by believing myself that I can find a
solution to every problem that came into my life, because I need to take
the responsibility for my own problem, by accepting it and facing it there
is an unexpected something that will happened. I also think every
problems that came into my life is only a challenge for me, because I
believe in a saying that everything happens for a reasons. I have also faith
in God he will not put me in a situations that I can’t face it, he is always
there for me no matter what that’s why my problems have always
solutions.