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    Differential Equation - p9

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    Rondio Lopez
    This document provides an example of using the variation of parameters method to solve a second order non-homogeneous differential equation. It shows the steps to find the complementary and particular solutions, including determining the parameter functions u(x) and v(x) and integrating them to obtain the particular solution. The example solves the differential equation d2y/dx2 + y = sec(x)tan(x).

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Differential Equation - p9

    Uploaded by

    Rondio Lopez
    7 views8 pages
    This document provides an example of using the variation of parameters method to solve a second order non-homogeneous differential equation. It shows the steps to find the complementary and particular solutions, including determining the parameter functions u(x) and v(x) and integrating them to obtain the particular solution. The example solves the differential equation d2y/dx2 + y = sec(x)tan(x).

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    Differential Equation_p9

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    This document provides an example of using the variation of parameters method to solve a second order non-homogeneous differential equation. It shows the steps to find the complementary and particular solutions, including determining the parameter functions u(x) and v(x) and integrating them to obtain the particular solution. The example solves the differential equation d2y/dx2 + y = sec(x)tan(x).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views8 pages

    Differential Equation - p9

    Uploaded by

    Rondio Lopez
    This document provides an example of using the variation of parameters method to solve a second order non-homogeneous differential equation. It shows the steps to find the complementary and particular solutions, including determining the parameter functions u(x) and v(x) and integrating them to obtain the particular solution. The example solves the differential equation d2y/dx2 + y = sec(x)tan(x).

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    VARIATION OF PARAMETERS

    DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION P9
    Variation of Parameters is a general method
    for finding a particular solution of a differential
    equation by replacing the constants in the
    solution of a related homogeneous equation by
    functions and determining these functions so
    that the original differential equation will be
    satisfied.
    𝒅𝟐 𝒚
    Solve + 𝒚 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙 using Variation of Parameters
    𝒅𝒙𝟐

    𝒚 = 𝒚𝒄 + 𝒚𝒑
    𝒅𝟐 𝒚
    For 𝒚𝒄 : 𝒅𝒙𝟐
    +𝒚 =𝟎
    Auxiliary Equation: 𝒎𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
    Roots of Auxiliary Equation: 𝒎𝟐 = −𝟏
    𝒎𝟐 = ± −𝟏
    𝒎 = ±𝒊
    For Case 3 𝒎 = 𝒂 ± 𝒃𝒊
    𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
    𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
    Use Variation Parameter, 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖(𝒙)𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒗(𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
    where 𝒖(𝒙) and 𝒗(𝒙) are parameters
    Solve for 𝒖(𝒙) and 𝒗(𝒙) :
    𝒖′ 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒗′ 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 = 𝟎
    𝒖′ 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − 𝒗′ 𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝒙 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝒙
    Solve for 𝒖′(𝒙) and 𝒗′(𝒙) by using Cramer’s Rule or Determinants:

    0 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 0
    sec 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
    𝑢′ 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ; 𝑣′ 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
    cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥
    0 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 0
    sec 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥
    𝑢′ 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ; 𝑣′ 𝑥 = sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
    cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − sin 𝑥

    ′ 0 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ′ sin 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥−cos 𝑥 (0)


    𝑢 𝑥 = ;𝑣 𝑥 =
    sin 𝑥(− sin 𝑥)−cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 −1

    0−tan 𝑥 sin 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 tan 𝑥


    𝑢′ 𝑥 = −𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 ;𝑣′(𝑥) = −1

    − tan 𝑥
    𝑢′ 𝑥 = −(𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) ; 𝑣 ′ 𝑥 = −sin 𝑥 sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥

    ′ − tan 𝑥
    𝑢 𝑥 = ; 𝑣 ′ 𝑥 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
    −1
    − tan 𝑥
    𝑢′ 𝑥 = ; 𝑣 ′ 𝑥 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
    −1
    𝑑𝑣(𝑥)
    𝑢′ 𝑥 = tan 𝑥 ; = −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
    𝑑𝑥
    𝑑𝑢(𝑥)
    = tan 𝑥 ; 𝑑𝑣 𝑥 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
    𝑑𝑥

    𝑑𝑢 𝑥 = tan 𝑑𝑥 ; ‫ ׬ = 𝑥 𝑣𝑑 ׬‬−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

    ‫ ׬ = 𝑥 𝑢𝑑 ׬‬tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑣 𝑥 = − ‫𝑛𝑎𝑡 ׬‬2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

    𝑢 𝑥 = − ln cos 𝑥 ; 𝑣 𝑥 = − ‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠(׬‬2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥

    𝑣 𝑥 = − ‫ 𝑐𝑒𝑠 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 + ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬‬


    𝑣 𝑥 = − tan 𝑥 + 𝑥
    Substitute in 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖(𝒙)𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒗(𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
    𝒚𝒑 = − ln cos 𝑥 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + (− tan 𝑥 + 𝑥)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
    Substitute in 𝒚 = 𝒚𝒄 + 𝒚𝒑
    𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 − ln cos 𝑥 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + (− tan 𝑥 + 𝑥)𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙
    𝒅𝟐 𝒚
    Solve +𝒚 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝒙 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝒙 using Variation of Parameters
    𝒅𝒙𝟐

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