Business SENIOR

HIGH
SCHOOL
Math
Module

Proportion 5
Quarter 1
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the (Business Math with Grade 11) Module on ( Proportion ) !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools
Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with
the Local Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N.
Sotto.
The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Business Mathematics Module on (Proportion)!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the
lessons in the module

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be
mastered throughout the lesson.

Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.

Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.

Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the
lessons.

Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning

competency.
 Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
module. Ito po ang parts ng module

EXPECTATION

L E S S O N: PROPORTION
Learning Objectives
At the end of the learning episode, you are expected to:

1. relate ratio with proportion;

2. classify proportion and give real life situation of each kind;
3. find the unknown quantity in the proportion; and
4. realize the importance proportion in real life situation.

PRETEST

Direction: Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following illustrates equivalent ratios?

3 1 2 5 10 1
a. =3=3 c. = 20 =4
9 10
12 3 5 1
b. =5 d. =5
20 15

2. What is N in the proportion N:20 000 = 15 000:25 000?

a. 5 000 c. 12 000
b. 10 000 d. 18 000

3. Which of the following situations describe an Indirect Proportion?

a. Size of a mango with respect to its prize
b. Weight versus amount of intake of foods
c. Promotion with respect to Salary
d. Number of workers against the number of days to complete the task
 4. A recipe for pastry requires 160g of sugar to make 320g pastry. How many
grams of sugar will be needed to make 40g of pastry? The given problem is
an example of:
a. direct proportion c. inverse proportion
b. partitive proportion d. indirect proportion

5. 7 men can complete a work in 52 days. In how many days will 13 men finish
the same work?
a. 15 days b. 20 days c. 25 days d. 28 days

RECAP

Read and Solve:

1. The ratio of red cars to blue cars in a parking lot was 5:3. If there are 40 red
cars, how many blue cars where there?

2. Vince had 136 songs on his mp3 player. If he deleted 56 songs, what is the
ratio of songs he kept to songs he deleted?

1
3. A bread recipe calls for 4 eggs for every 1 2 pounds of flour you use. If you
had 12 pounds of flour, how many eggs would you need to make all the
bread that you could?

L E S S ON

We will now discuss about proportion.

𝑎 𝑐
The variables a, b, c and d form a proportion if a:b = c:d or = 𝑑.
𝑏

Definition of Proportion
PROPORTION is a statement of equality of two ratios.
Examples:
3 6
1.
5
= 10
Examples 1,2 and 3 are
proportion since the ratios are
equivalent.

Yes, since the ratios are equivalent.

 1 3
2. =
2 6
5 1
3.
10
=2
2 4 8
4. = 6 = 12 Is this a proportion?
3

Rules in Proportion

We say a, b, c and d form a proportion such that a:b = c:d if and only if ad = bc. In
other words, the product of the extremes “ ad” is equal to the product of the means
“bc”.
Illustrative examples
1. Show that 25:100 = 1:4 is a proportion.
Solution: Means : (100)(1)= 100 Extremes: (25)(4)= 100
Therefore 25:100=1:4 is a proportion
Other solution: cross multiplication technique
25 1
100
=4 25 x 4 = 100, 100 x 1= 100 100 = 100
25 1
Therefore = 4 is a proportion.
100
2. Solve for N in the proportion 6:N = 3:2
Solution: 3N = 2 x 6 3N = 12 N= 4
6 3
Other solution: =2 12 = 3N N=4
𝑁

We can classify proportion into three (3) groups namely: Direct proportion,
Inverse or Indirect proportion and Partitive proportion.
DEFINITION:
1. Direct Proportion—A number is directly proportionate to another when, as
one value increases, the other also increases or when one decreases, the
other decreases as well.
Examples:
a. Score to a rating
b. Number of kilos of rice to the amount that you will pay
c. Your body size to the size of your uniform
2. Indirect/Inverse Proportion— A number is indirectly proportionate to
another when as one value increases the other decreases.
Examples
a. Time and speed
b. Law of supply and demand
c. Your acceleration and weight

3. Partitive Proportion—Involves identifying parts of a whole based on a given

ratio of their parts.
Examples:
 a. The ratio of boys to girls
b. An inherited treasure of the siblings in the family
c. Budget of the family

ACTIVITIES

A. State if each pair of ratios forms a proportion

4 20
1. 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 6 __________________________

3 18
2. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 ___________________________
2

12 3
3. 24
𝑎𝑛𝑑 4___________________________

6 2
4. 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3___________________________
9

20 4 8
5. , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6________________________
15 3

10 100
6. = 500__________________________
50

36 72
7. = 96___________________________
48

0.5 2 0.75
8. =8= ______________________
2 3

7 7
9. = ___________________________
50 25

20 30 40
10. 50 = 100 = 1000____________________

B. Solve for the unkown term in each proportion.

10 8 3 7
11. 𝑘 = 4 14. = 10
𝑥

8𝑁 8
12. =3
8
 10 𝑁 30𝑁 6 3
13. = = 15. =
30 90 270 𝑎 8

Give 4 real life examples of each kind other than the ones given in the
previous examples.
1. Direct Proportion
1.1 ______________________________________________________________
1.2 ______________________________________________________________
1.3 ______________________________________________________________
1.4 ______________________________________________________________

2. Inverse Proportion
2.1______________________________________________________________
2.2______________________________________________________________
2.3______________________________________________________________
2.4______________________________________________________________

3. Partitive Proportion
3.1 _____________________________________________________________
3.2_____________________________________________________________
3.3_____________________________________________________________
3.4_____________________________________________________________

WRAP–UP

PROPORTION - refers to the equality of two ratios.

Rules in Proportion: The product of the means is equal to the product of the
extremes.
a:b=c:d b*c = c*d
Cross multiplication techniques - another solution for proportion
𝑎 𝑐
𝑏
= 𝑑
= b*c = a*d
Classification of Proportion
4. Direct Proportion—A number is directly proportionate to another when as
one value increase so does the other.
5. Indirect/Inverse Proportion—A number is indirectly proportionate to
another when as one value increases the other decreases.

6. Partitive Proportion—Involves identifying parts of a whole based on a given

ratio of their parts.

VALUING

Based on the discussion, proportion signifies equality of two ratios. In other words,
their quotient should be equal and their fractional form must be equivalent.
Proportion is mainly about the relationship of the size of one quantity when
compared to another. It can be found in many real-life situations. You use it in
your daily living that you may not even aware of it. Let’s take a look at situations
where a proportion can be used to solve real-life problem. When drawing or
painting realistically, proportion is needed. The resulting image will look less
realistic if proportion is incorrect. Cooks use proportion when following recipes.
Buying and selling, cooking, and travelling, are common real-life situations in
which proportions are not only prevalent but essential to correct and cost-effective
dealings.

Proportion also tells us the degree of relationship that we have to others. There are
relations that are focused on one direction like relationship with God. There must
be no other God that you want to build your relationship with. He is the only way,
the truth and the life. What does it mean when someone says “you will reap what
you sow”?

POSTTEST

Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following shows equivalent ratio?

1 1 1 5 10 3
a.
9
=3=3 c. = 20 = 4
10