Linear Algebra: Midterm Exam 2B

This is a 120-minutes exam.

4 pages in total

1. (30 pts) Determine whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)? (A
reasoning is required.)
(1) If a 4 × 3 matrix A has a rank 3, then the dimension of N(A) is 3.
(2) Let A be a 𝑛 × 𝑛 matrix. If 𝑁(𝐴𝐴) = {0}, then then system 𝑨𝐱𝐱 = 𝐛𝐛 has
infinite solution for a given vector 𝐛𝐛 ∈ 𝑅 𝑛 .
(3) The set {𝑥𝑥, 𝑥𝑥 + 3, 𝑥𝑥 2 − 1} is spanning the vector space 𝑃3 .
1 0 0 1 4 2
(4) The following vectors � �, � �, � � are linearly independent
0 1 0 0 0 4
in 𝑴𝟐𝟐×𝟐𝟐 .
(5) Let V have two bases by 𝐵𝐵 = {sin(𝑥𝑥) − cos(𝑥𝑥) , 2sin(𝑥𝑥)} and 𝐵𝐵′ =

{sin(𝑥𝑥) , cos(𝑥𝑥)}, then the transition matrix from B to B′ is � 1 0

�.
−1 2
(6) If A is a 4 × 5 matrix, then rank of A is at most 5
(7) Let A be a 4 × 5 matrix. If 𝐚𝟏𝟏 , 𝐚𝟐𝟐 , 𝐚𝟑𝟑 and 𝐚𝟒𝟒 are linearly independent
and 𝐚𝟓 = 2𝐚𝟏𝟏 − 𝐚𝟐𝟐 + 3𝐚𝟒𝟒 , the reduced row echelon form of A is
1 0 0 0 2
�0 1 0 0 −1�.
0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 1 3
1 + 𝑥𝑥1
3 3
(8) The following transformation 𝐿: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑳𝑳(𝐱𝐱) = � 1 + 𝑥𝑥2 � is
𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥1 − 2𝑥𝑥3

a linear transformation.
(9) Let A be a 2 × 2 matrix, and let 𝑳𝑳𝑨 be the linear operator defined by
𝑳𝑳𝐴 (𝐱𝐱) = 𝐴𝐴𝐱𝐱. We can conclude that 𝑳𝑳𝐴 maps the vector space 𝑅 2 onto the
row space of A.
(10) Let 𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏 : 𝑅 2 ⟶ 𝑅 2 be the orthogonal projection onto the x-axis, and
𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 : 𝑅 2 ⟶ 𝑅 2 be the rotation counterclockwise with the angle θ , then
𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 ∘ 𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏 = 𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏 ∘ 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 .
1
 1 1
 − 
(11) The matrix  2 2 is a rotation matrix.
1 1 
 
2 2 

(12) If A is a nonsingular matrix, and B is similar to A, then 𝐴𝐴−1 is also similar to

𝐵𝐵 −1 .
0 1
(13) Let x = � � , y = � �, then the angle between x and y is 𝜃 = 30° .
2 1
−1
(14) Is it possible for a matrix A to have the vector � 1 � in row space of A and
2

2
�0� in the null space of A?
1

1 1 10
(15) If the subspace S of 𝑅 3 is spanned by �2� and �−1�, then �−1� is in the
1 2 −1
orthogonal complement of S.

2. (8 pts) Determine the kernel and range of each of the following linear operators on
𝑅3
𝑥𝑥1 − 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥1
(a) 𝐿 (𝐱𝐱) = �𝑥𝑥2 − 2𝑥𝑥3 � (b) 𝐿 (𝐱𝐱) = �2𝑥𝑥1 �
𝑥𝑥1 + 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥1

1 2
3. (5 pts) Given the two bases 𝑉 = �v1 = � � , v2 = � �� , and 𝑈 = �u1 =
1 3
1 −2
� � , u2 = � ��, please find the transition matrix from V to U.
0 1

1 0
4. (12 pts) Consider a set of matrices with size 2 × 2: 𝑺 = �𝐴𝐴1 = � � , 𝐴𝐴2 =
0 0
0 2 0 0
� � , 𝐴𝐴3 = � ��.
2 0 0 5
4 −18
(1) Find the coordinate vector of the matrix 𝐵𝐵1 = � � with respect to
−18 10
the basis S.

2
 4 −9
(2) Find the coordinate vector of the matrix 𝐵𝐵2 = � � with respect to the
−9 10
basis S.
4 9
(3) Does the matrix 𝐵𝐵3 = � � be in the vector space
−9 10
𝑀 = 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑛{𝐴𝐴1 , 𝐴𝐴2 , 𝐴𝐴3 }.

5. (12 pts) Let 𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏 , 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 , 𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑 , 𝑳𝑳𝟒𝟒 : 𝑅 2 ⟶ 𝑅 2 be the following linear transformations:
𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏 : Reflection with respect to the x-axis;
𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 : Reflection with respect to the line 𝑙𝑙 of angle 30∘ ;
𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑 : Rotation counterclockwise by the angle 60∘ ;
𝑳𝑳𝟒𝟒 : Deformation: 𝑥𝑥1 direction with factor 𝑘𝑘 = 2.
(1) Find the representing matrices 𝐴𝐴1 , 𝐴𝐴2 , 𝐴𝐴3 and 𝐴𝐴4 of 𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏 (x) = 𝐴𝐴1 x, 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 (x) =
𝐴𝐴2 x, 𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑 (x) = 𝐴𝐴3 x, and 𝑳𝑳𝟒𝟒 (x) = 𝐴𝐴4 x, respectively.
(2) Find the representing matrix 𝐶𝐶 of the composition transformation 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 ∘ 𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏
1
(3) Find the vector of 𝑳𝑳𝟏𝟏 ∘ 𝑳𝑳𝟑𝟑 �� ��.
1
1
(4) Plot the composite transformation 𝑳𝑳𝟒𝟒 ∘ 𝑳𝑳𝟐𝟐 �� �� in geometric diagram.
1

6. (9 pts) Let 𝑳𝑳: 𝑅 3 ⟶ 𝑅 4 be a linear transformation such that

2 1 2
1 1 1
𝑳𝑳 ��0�� = � �, 𝑳𝑳 ��1�� = � � , 𝑳𝑳 ��1�� = � 2 �.
1 2
2 −3 −9
0 0 1
0 1 2
(1) Find the representing matrix 𝐴𝐴 for the linear transformation L.
3
(2) If 𝑳𝑳(𝐱𝐱) = � 3 �, then find 𝐱𝐱.
−26
5
(3) For the matrix A found in (1), if we are given a vector 𝐛𝐛 ∈ 𝑅 4 , then please

find the solution of the system 𝐴𝐴𝐱𝐱 = 𝐛𝐛.

7. (12 pts) Let the operator 𝑳𝑳: 𝑃3 → 𝑃3 be defined by 𝑳𝑳 (𝑓(𝑥𝑥)) = 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑓(1) + 𝑓′(𝑥𝑥).

(1) Find the matrix A representing L with respect to the basis {𝑥𝑥 2 , 𝑥𝑥, 1}.
3
 (2) Find the matrix B representing L with respect to the basis {𝑥𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑥𝑥 + 1, 1}.

(3) Find the matrix S such that 𝐵𝐵 = 𝑆 −1 𝐴𝐴𝑆.

1 0 1 1 2
8. (12 pts) Let A = �1 1 1 2 3�.
3 0 3 4 5
0 4 0 4 4
(1) Find a basis for 𝑁(𝐴𝐴) (the null space of 𝐴𝐴) and the nullity of 𝐴𝐴.

(2) Find a basis for the row space of 𝐴𝐴 and find a basis for the column space of

𝐴𝐴.

(3) Find the 𝑁(𝐴𝐴𝑇 ) and the nullity of 𝐴𝐴𝑇

(4) Find the range space of 𝐴𝐴𝑇 and prove that 𝑁(𝐴𝐴) ⊥ 𝑅(𝐴𝐴𝑇 ).