Presentation 4 – Multimedia

MPEG4

MPEG = Moving Picture Experts Group

MPEG4 is a standard for encoding videos. It is used to perform AV data compression to be distributed
over the network and on CDs; for voice sounds (videophones and telephones), as well as for
television broadcasting, MPEG-4 is efficient across a variety of bit-rates ranging from a few kilobits
per second to tens of megabits per second. It provides the following functionalities:

• Improved coding efficiency;

MPEG4 is a video compression format that uses advanced algorithms to reduce the size of video files
without sacrificing quality.

MPEG4 is widely used by video editing software because it allows for efficient editing and rendering of
high-quality video footage.

MPEG4 supports a range of video resolutions and frame rates, making it a versatile format for video
editing and production

MPEG-4, or Moving Picture Experts Group-4, is a video compression format that allows you to store
and transmit videos in a more efficient way. It's like a special recipe that squeezes a large video file
into a smaller one without losing too much quality.

Imagine you have a big pizza that you want to fit into a smaller box. You can't just fold the pizza, but
you can cut it into smaller slices and stack them neatly. MPEG-4 does something similar with videos.

It analyzes the video and finds areas where details don't change much, like a static background.
Instead of storing every single frame, MPEG-4 captures the main information in key frames and then
only records the changes that happen between them. These changes are called "differences" or
"motion vectors." This way, it doesn't have to repeat the same information for every frame, making
the file smaller.

MPEG-4 also uses techniques to compress the audio part of the video. It can remove sounds that are
hard for the human ear to notice or reduce the amount of data needed to represent the audio
without affecting the overall quality too much.

The result is a smaller video file that is easier to store, share, and stream over the internet. Many
devices and platforms support MPEG-4, allowing you to watch videos on your computer,
smartphone, or TV without taking up too much space or requiring a fast internet connection.

MPEG5

MPEG-4 memperkenalkan kemajuan signifikan dalam kompresi video dan pengkodean multimedia.
Ini menawarkan teknik kompresi yang lebih efisien dan berbagai aplikasi multimedia yang lebih luas.
MPEG-4 dikenal dengan fleksibilitasnya, karena mendukung berbagai resolusi video, kecepatan
bingkai, dan kecepatan bit. Ini memungkinkan streaming video berkualitas tinggi melalui internet,
konferensi video, dan aplikasi multimedia di perangkat seluler. MPEG-4 juga memperkenalkan fitur
canggih seperti pengkodean berbasis objek, yang memungkinkan elemen individual dalam adegan
video untuk dimanipulasi atau ditransmisikan secara terpisah.

MPEG-5 (Hipotetis):

As of September 2021, base on our research, MPEG-5 doesn't exist. However, if MPEG-5 is to be
developed in the future, it will likely represent the next generation of video coding standards. This
has the potential to introduce further improvements in compression efficiency, support for higher
resolutions, improved video quality, and additional features to meet emerging technologies and
applications.

MPEG-1: MPEG-1 is one of the earliest video compression standards developed by the MPEG group.
It was introduced in the early 1990s and aimed to enable video playback on CDs and digital storage
media. MPEG-1 is capable of compressing video at a moderate quality level and is often used for low-
resolution videos, such as VCDs (Video CD).

MPEG-2: MPEG-2 followed MPEG-1 and improved upon its predecessor by providing better video
quality and higher compression rates. It was primarily designed for broadcast television, DVDs, and
digital cable/satellite transmission. MPEG-2 supports higher resolution video, such as Standard
Definition (SD) and High Definition (HD), making it suitable for professional video production and
distribution.

MPEG-4: MPEG-4 introduced significant advancements in video compression and multimedia coding.
It offers more efficient compression techniques and a broader range of multimedia applications.
MPEG-4 is known for its flexibility, as it supports various video resolutions, frame rates, and bitrates.
It enables high-quality video streaming over the internet, video conferencing, and multimedia
applications on mobile devices. MPEG-4 also introduced advanced features like object-based coding,
which allows individual elements within a video scene to be separately manipulated or transmitted.

MPEG-5 (Hypothetical): As of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021, MPEG-5 does not exist.
However, if MPEG-5 were to be developed in the future, it would likely represent the next generation
of video coding standards. It could potentially introduce further improvements in compression
efficiency, support for higher resolutions, enhanced video quality, and additional features to cater to
emerging technologies and applications. Any specific details regarding MPEG-5 would be speculative,
as it is not an established standard at the time of my knowledge cutoff.

Please note that the information provided above is based on the state of MPEG standards up until
September 2021. Any developments or updates beyond that timeframe may not be covered.
How to select a Parts of the video in ShotCut:
1. Import Video: Open Shotcut and click "Open File" button on the top left corner to import the
video you want to edit.

2. Drag and drop the video from the "Playlist" panel onto the timeline at the bottom of the screen.
The video will appear as a clip on the timeline.

3. Split the clip: When you get to the starting point of the section you want to select, click on the clip
at that point in the timeline to select it. Remove or cut unwanted parts.

4. Save or export your edited video: After selecting your desired video parts, you can save or export
your edited video by going to "File" menu and selecting "Export" or "Save As".

Select a frame and save it as an image:

2. Then, we select the frame we want to extract.

3. With the help of the timer, we move to the exact frame we want to extract

4. Save the image: In the image editing software, go to the "File" menu and select "Save As" or
"Export". Choose a location on your computer to save the image and set the desired file format (such
as JPEG or PNG). Give the image a name and click "Save"

Change the Frame per seconds:

1. Import your video: Click the "Open File" button or drag and drop your video file onto Shotcut's
timeline.

2. Add the video to the timeline: find the imported video in the "Playlist" panel and drag it to the
timeline at the bottom of the Shotcut interface.

3. Open "Settings" then click "Video Mode" then click the bottom option which is "Custom" and then
click "add" to customize the frames per second the way you want.

4. We can see that it says frame/second (frame/second) and we adjust it to the value we want, finally
we click on accept and that's it.

5. Save or export the video: Once you are satisfied with the modified frame rate, you can save or
export your video by going to the "File" menu and selecting "Export" or "Save as

Note that changing the frame rate can result in changing the speed and smoothness of video
playback as it affects the timing of frames in the video.