CHAPTER 1

CONTENT
KNOWLEDGE AND
PEDAGOGY

1
LESSON 1 Pedagogical Content Knowledge and its Application across the
Curriculum
Observation
A. Write down the information asked and answer the succeeding based on your
class observation.

Name of Teacher:
Mr. Marcky Mabanag

Date and Time of Observation:

November 8, 2022
9:15-10:15

Educational Background:
- Bachelor in Secondary Education Major
in Filipino at Silliman University 2014-
2018
- Master of arts in Filipino in NORSU
2019

Assigned Grade and Section:

Grade 7
Section FATIMA and GUADALUPE

Assigned Subjects/s:
FILIPINO

Relevant Trainings Attended:

- Global Filipino Professionals:
Rebuilding the Nation with G.R.I.T.
(PROFESSIONAL SUMMIT) (PRC) 2022
- New normal/Flexible learning (CHED)
DEC. 16, 2020
- In-Service Training (INSET) For Senior
high school students (DepEd)

1. Are the teacher’s background and qualifications aligned with the subject/s he or
she is assigned to teach?
- YES
2. Does he or she use the K-12 curriculum guide in preparing a lesson plan?
- YES

2
3. Does he or she consider the learner’s prior knowledge in designing a lesson
plan?
- YES
4. Does he or she use varied teaching strategies to deliver the subject matter?
-YES
5. Does he or she conduct research in planning for his or her lessons?
-YES

B. Check () the box that corresponds to your class observation. Write your remarks
in the rightmost column.
Indicators Observed Not Remarks
Observed
1. Explains the subject
matter R
a. Clearly
b. Accurately
c. Comprehensively
2. Relates the subject
matter with previous R
lessons that have
been taught or future
lessons to be taught
3. Present facts,
theories, and R
concepts to support
the validity of content

4. Manifests
understanding of the R
learners’ background
in relation to subject
matter

5. Utilizes appropriate
pedagogical R
strategies in the
delivery of the
subject matter
6. Integrates
appropriate R
technology tools
specific to the subject
matter to be taught
7. Promotes inquiry-
based learning to R
develop higher order
thinking skills and/or

3
 21st century skills
8. Uses appropriate
languages to make R
subject matter
delivery more
comprehensible.
9. Shows skills in the
use of information R
and communications
technologies (ICT) to
facilitate teaching
and learning
10. Uses effective verbal
and non-verbal forms R
of communication
strategies to promote
meaningful learning

Processing
A. Based on what you have observed in class, explain the importance of the
different kinds of knowledge.
1. Content knowledge

- Content Knowledge generally refers to the facts.,concepts, theories and principles

that are taught and learned in specific academic courses, rather than to related
skills such as reading, writing or researching that students also learn in school.

2. Pedagogical knowledge

- The importance of Pedagogical knowledge is that to enhance the quality of

teaching in the classroom. Like using technology such as Television for further
explanation of the said topic of the discussion.

3. Curricular knowledge

- The curricular knowledge standardize the learning goals for an entire school and
provides a clear path for students to progress from one grade to another.

B. What do you think were the strategies used by teacher to enrich his or her
mastery of the subject matter?

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 - The teacher mastered the subject, there is smooth flow of teaching-learning
process. He can match the instructional materials in his lesson plan because he
already mastered the subject.

C. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to augment his or her
curricular knowledge?

- The strategies that used by the teacher to augment his curricular knowledge is
using sets of materials of various sorts

REFLECTION:

Complete the following:

I realized that:
- As a practice teacher, teaching is the powerful weapon to produce knowledge to
human being

I Believe that:

- Using instructional materials is not enough without the help of technology.

I feel that
- When you mastered the said subject then it would be easier for the class to catch up
the lessons.

When I become a teacher I will:

- Do my part as a teacher, not just as a lecturer but also their superhero.

LESSON 2 Research-based Instruction and Principle of Teaching and Learning

OBSERVATION

1.Do the teachers undertake research activities to enhance their pedagogical content
knowledge? What are these activities?
- Yes, such as learning activities (what teacher ask their students to do), and learning
assessments (the assignments, projects, or tasks that measure student learning).
2.Are the teachers aware of the standards, principles, and pedagogical approaches
behind the k-12 curriculum?

- Yes, the teachers had a satisfactory level of awareness on the content and
underlying principles of the K to 12 enhanced basic education curriculum

5
3.Do the teachers integrate research findings, empirical evidence, and theories to
support validity of content to be taught? How?

- The teacher educators agreed that they consider empirical evidence to convey
empirical evidence for their teaching subjects, integrate it as content in their teaching
and to update the students' knowledge with regard to a specific topic.

4.Do the teachers use varied teaching approaches based on K-12 curriculum
principles? How?
- Yes, First is to approach it as content or a body of knowledge to be transmitted.
Second, is to approach as a product or the learning outcomes desired of learners.
Third, is to approach it as a process or what actually happens in the classroom when
the curriculum is practised.

A. Check () the box that corresponds to your class observation. You may write your
comments in the Remarks column.
Indicators observed Not Remarks
Observed
1. Administers
diagnostic exam R
to assess the
students’ prior
knowledge
2. Prepares a lesson
based on the R
students’ needs

3. Relates the topic

to students’ R
interest to
motivate learners

4. Contextualizes the
content of the R
lesson according
to students’
background
5. Articulates a clear
set of learning R
objectives

6
 6. Provides varied
activities to R
support learning
objectives.

7. Draws on relevant
bodies of R
knowledge to
make the lesson
more relevant
8. Reflects on
teaching R
methodology and
strategies used for
effectiveness
9. Examines the
students’ previous R
performance to
modify learning
objectives and
content of the
lesson, including
the teaching
strategy used.
10. Aligns assessment
tasks and R
instructional
activities with the
learning
objectives.

A. What is the research-based instructional strategies applied by the

cooperating teacher? Write your answer in the space provided

First is generating and testing hypothesis;

Identifying and summarizing non-linguistic
7 representation;

Summarizing and note taking;

Non linguistic representation;
 Cooperative learning ;

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. How do research-based instructional strategies enrich the pedagogical content
knowledge of teachers?

- When they incorporate the most effective instructional strategies, teachers help
students to build a deeper conceptual understanding of the subject areas.

2. How do research-based instructional strategies affect the students’ learning?

- In a research-based learning approach, students actively search for and then use
multiple resources, materials, and texts in order to explore important, relevant, and
interesting questions and challenges. They find, process organize and evaluate
information and ideas as they build reading skills and vocabulary.

3. What do teachers need to do to improve their research skills?

- They need to improve in exploring expert to help and guides related to

The research.

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that

8
 - teachers must help students to build a deeper conceptual understanding of the
subject areas.

2. I believe that

- improving in exploring expert is a big help and guides related to

every research.

3. I feel that
- If the teachers use varied teaching approaches based on K-12 curriculum
principles accordingly and properly then it would be easier for the learning process.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- Manage classes to ensure an optimal learning experience for all students.

LESSON 3 Positive Use of Information and Communications Technology

Observation
A. Familiarize yourself with ICT facilities and tools for teaching and learning. Check
if the following items are available. Provide a description for each in the
rightmost column.
ICT Facilities and Availabl Not Description
Tools e available
Computer
Lab/Computer Room R
Audio-Visual Room
R
Laptop/Desktop
R
Printer
R
Scanner
R
LCD projector
R
Audio Equipment
R
LCD/LED TV
R
Internet access
R
Computer hard drives

9
 and storage devices R
(e.g., compact disc,
flash drive/USB,
portable drive)
Tablets, mobile phones,
or other mobile devices R
Others:

B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions

1. Does the school have specific ICT policies and standards?

- YES

2. Are the teachers aware of the school’s ICT policies and standards?

- YES

3. Does the school provide ICT training for teachers?

- NO

4. Does the school provide the necessary ICT tools and digital technologies to
aid teaching and learning activities?

- YES

5. Are the students provided with equal opportunity to use the computers and
other digital technologies?

- YES

6. Are the teachers knowledgeable on how to operate a laptop/computer and

other digital technologies for teaching and learning?

- YES
C. Check the table for your corresponding answers

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 Competencies Observed Not Remarks
observed
Domain 1: understanding ICT in Education
Demonstrates
awareness of R
policies affecting
ICT in education
Complies with ICT
policies as they R
affect teaching-
learning
Contextualizes
ICT policies to the R
learning
environment
Domain 2: Curriculum and Assessment
Demonstrates an
understanding of R
concepts,
principles, and
theories of ICT
systems as they
apply to teaching-
Domain 6: Teacher Professional Learning
learning
Explores existing
Evaluates digital R
and emerging
and non-digital R
technologies to
learning
acquire additional
resources in
content and
response to
pedagogical
students’ diverse
knowledge
needs
Utilizes
Develops digital R
technology tools
learning R
in creating
resources to
communities of
enhance
practice
teaching-learning
Collaborates with
Use ICT as a tool R
peers, colleagues,
to develop 21st R
and stakeholders
century skills:
to access
information,
information in
Media and
support of
Technology Skills,
professional
Learning and
learning
innovation Skills,
Domain 7: Teacher Disposition
Life and Career
Demonstrates
Skills, and
social, ethical, and R
Effective
legal
Communications
responsibilities in
skills.
the use of
Domain 3: Pedagogy
technology tools
Applies relevant
and resources
technology tools R
Shows positive
for classroom
attitude towards R
activities
the use of
Uses ICT
knowledge to R
solve complex 11
problems and
support student
collaboration
 technology tools

Source: Commission on Higher Education, 2017, CHED Memorandum

Order N. 75, series of 2017: Policies, Standards, and Guidelines
for Bachelor of Secondary Education Program, pp. 71-73.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. What are the problems or challenges in integrating ICT in teaching and
learning?

- Based on my observation. the common challenges and concerns teachers

experience when integrating technology and digital media in the classroom is that
teaching of using technology nowadays is not that hard because of our
modernization but sometimes students accidentally misused our technology.

2. What are the challenges encountered by students using ICT tools and other
forms for digital technologies?

-Based on my observation. the common challenges and concerns teachers

experience when integrating technology and digital media in the classroom is that
the students misusing technology.

3. In what domain/s of ICT competency standards for teachers do teachers need

improvement? Why?

- Digital skills that 21st Century teachers should have include cloud storage and
sharing solutions, social media, web editing, image editing, presentation software,
and general multimedia. The 'flipped classroom' model is being heralded by some
as the future of 21st Century learning.

4. How will you promote the positive use of ICT to your students?

- Teaching someone one-on-one to use an ICT.

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that

-In this generation, lacking of technologies may lead us ignorance in someways.

2. I believe that

12
 - With the help of technology, our life in learning will be so easy.

3. I feel that

- If the school has enough ICT tools then our generation today may not encounter
problems in learning.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- Teach someone one-on-one to use an ICT.

LESSON 4 Strategies for Promoting Literacy and Numeracy

Observation
A. For each given domain, write down the literacy strategies used by the
cooperating teacher during your class observation.

Observation Strategies
1. Oral language Maintain eye contact

2. Phonological awareness Listen up

3. Book and print knowledge Read to students
4. Alphabet Knowledge Introduce simple sounds then
complex
5. Phonics and Word Recognition Dividing words into syllables
6. Fluency Assisted reading
7. Spelling phonetic
8. Writing and Composition creating a plan for writing
9. Grammar Awareness and Grammar Awareness and Structure
Structure
10. Vocabulary Development Take a student's perspective
11. Reading Comprehension Activating and Using Background
Knowledge
12. Listening Comprehension Inference

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B. Write down the numeracy strategies used by the cooperating teacher during
your class observation in the following subjects.

Subjects Strategies
1. Language Problem-based learning
(English/Filipino/Mother Tongue
2. Mathematics Cooperative learning
3. Science Inquiry-based learning
4. History/Araling Brainstorming and discussion
Panlipunan/Social Studies
5. Values Education/Conduct Problem-based learning
Education
6. Computer/ICT Plan and seek to develop all
components of ICT capability
7. Music, Arts, Physical Education, Using visuals, semantic, and
and Health (MAPEH) graphic organizers
8. Technology and Livelihood Promoting journal and writing
Education
9. Others:

Processing:
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.

1. How can literacy affect one’s life?

- Literacy lifts individuals out of poverty, Literacy is a skill that is never late to
acquire because it is essential for education, employment, belonging to the
community, and ability to help one's children. Those people, who cannot read,
are deprived of many opportunities for professional or personal growth.

2. How important in numeracy in our daily lives?

- Numeracy is necessary for everyday living,Numeracy is the knowledge, skills,

behaviors and dispositions that students need in order to use mathematics in a
wide range of situations. It involves recognizing and understanding the role of
mathematics in the world and having the dispositions and capacities to use
mathematical knowledge and skills purposefully.

3. How can literacy and numeracy improve the learners’ academic

performance?
- Literacy is strengthened, made specific and extended in other learning areas,
and the use of mathematical skills across the curriculum enriches the study of

14
 each curriculum area and contributes to the development of a broader and
deeper understanding of numeracy.

4. In the absence of digital technologies and printed materials, what do you

think are the strategies you can use to promote literacy and numeracy?

- I think the strategies that I can use to promote literacy and numeracy are,
Be Visual Use Images and Shapes to Reflect the Meaning of the Numbers,
Present Only the Most Necessary Information, But Enough to Be Fully
Understood, and be math.

Reflection:
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
- Literacy lifts individuals out of poverty.
2. I believe that
-Literacy is strengthened, made specific and extended in other learning areas,
and the use of mathematical skills across the curriculum enriches the study of
each curriculum area and contributes to the development of a broader and
deeper understanding of numeracy.

3. I feel that
- Giving importance to literacy and numeracy may improve the learners’
academic performance.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- I will make sure that my students will give importance of our litercy.

LESSON 5 Strategies for Developing Critical and Creative

Thinking as well as Higher-Order Thinking Skills

Observation
A. Ask the cooperating teacher to show his or her lesson plan to you. Review the
objectives of each lesson in the lesson plans. Provide examples of educational
objectives based on the following HOTS:

15
 Nakapaglikha ng tradisyunal na tula
1. Creating hinggil sa matinding kinakaharap ng
COVID-19 gamit digital poster.

Nakapagsulat ng isang solusyon

2. Evaluating hinggil sa problema na kinakaharap
base sa totoong pangyayari gamit ang
nabasang tula.

Nasusuri ang mga halimbawa na

3. Analyzing tayutay.

B. Indicate whether the following HOTS strategies are applied during your class
observed by checking the appropriate box. Write your remarks in the last
column.

HOTS Strategies Observed Not Remarks

Observed
1. Teaches the concepts of R
HOTS
2. Promotes the use of HOTS
when communicating R
3. Encourages questions and
answer during discussion R
4. Uses visuals and graphic
organizers to connect R
concepts
5. Uses problem-solving to R
foster critical thinking
6. Promotes collaborative R
learning to generate new
ideas
7. Encourages students to R
elaborate their answers
8. Promote inquiry-based R
learning to validate ideas
9. Uses educational R
objectives that foster
HOTS

16
 10. Uses assessment that R
promotes HOTS

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. In what part of the instructional plan can teacher apply HOTS?
-The teacher can apply the HOTS at the beginning of the class, teachers inform
learning objectives to students. The teacher used this step to apply HOTS in
teaching the reading skill to develop their critical thinking in brainstorming,
analyzing, and creating the text.

2. How can HOTS improve the students’ learning?

- One of the learning goals through HOTS is to make sure that students can
analyze, evaluate, and create their knowledge.

3. How important is creative and critical thinking in the 21 st century workplace?

- It's an essential facet of any profession where the goal is to deduce
information objectively without bias, analyze the context, solve creative
problems and come up with realistic solutions.

4. What are things that teachers need to improve on to enrich the students’
Hots?

- The teachers to develop HOTS were as follows: (1) asking divergent questions
to the students, (2) using group discussions, (3) informing learning objectives to
the students.

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
- It's an essential facet of any profession where the goal is to deduce
information objectively without bias, analyze the context, solve creative
problems and come up with realistic solutions.
2. I believe that
- Teaching Students to think critically will distinguishes critical thinking skills
from low-order learning outcomes, such as those attained by rote memorization.
HOTS include synthesizing, analyzing, reasoning, comprehending, application,
and evaluation.

17
 3. I feel that
- Teaching Students to think critically will distinguishes critical thinking skills
from low-order learning outcomes, such as those attained by rote memorization.
HOTS include synthesizing, analyzing, reasoning, comprehending, application,
and evaluation.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
- Use the techniques to develop HOTS were picture technique, think-pair-share,
and question. Because base on my observation, the students' seemed to enjoy
the technique because they were active, cooperative, and independent when
learning takes place.

LESSON 6 Mother Tongue, Filipino, and English in Teaching and Learning

Observation
A. Conduct a survey of languages used by students and teachers at home and
school.

Language/s used at Language/s used at

home school

Cebuano FILIPINO ,
Students ENGLISH

Cebuano FILIPINO,
Teachers ENGLISH

B. Answer the following:

1. Do the teachers of kindergarten and Elementary students have a copy of the
teacher’s guide and learning materials for mother tongue, Filipino, and
English?
- YES
2. Are the teacher’s guide and learning materials translated in Mother Tongue?
- YES
3. Are there sufficient references for the teaching of mother tongue, Filipino,
and English?
- YES
4. Are teachers well-informed on and trained in the teaching of mother tongue,
Filipino, and English?
- YES
5. Do the teachers speak or understand the identified regional language of
instruction?
- YES

18
 6. Do the learners speak or understand the language of instruction used by
teachers in the implementation of MTB-MLE?
- YES
7. Do the learners have access to learning resources and materials?
- YES
C. Conduct an observation of teachers in mother tongue, Filipino and English
classes. Identify the strategies used to motivate or arouse the interest of
learners in the following language literacy domains. Write your observation in
the remark’s column.

Domains Strategies Remarks

1. Oral Language Maintain eye contact.

2. Phonological Get creative with crafts

Awareness
3. Book and Print Maintain eye contact
Knowledge
4. Alphabet Listen up
Knowledge
5. Phonics and Read to students
Word
Recognition
6. Fluency Introduce simple
sounds then complex
7. Spelling Dividing words into
syllables
8. Writing and creating a plan for
Composition writing
9. Grammar Grammar Awareness
Awareness and and Structure
Structure
10. Vocabulary Take a student's
Development perspective
11. Reading Activating and Using
Comprehension Background
Knowledge
12. Listening Inference
comprehension

Processing

A. Based on what you have observed in class, identify the benefits of using mother
tongue, Filipino, and English as MOIs.
1. Mother tongue

19
 - Children are more likely to understand the instructions.
And Children are less intimated to participate in school when using their Mother
Tongue.
2. Filipino
- students learn the Language, and at the same time get to know the richness of
their own culture.
3. English
- students want to stay current with their field, it makes sense for them to learn
in English, given that the content is mostly in English.

B. Based on what you have observed in class, identify the strategies to improve
the teacher ability to help students understand mother tongue, Filipino, and
English.

- The strategies to improve the teacher ability to help students understand mother
tongue are, LISTENING, REPITION, STEP BY STEP MASTERY, MEMORY and
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT. While in English, Promote classroom
interaction,stimulate higher-order thinking skills and use of learning strategies,Link
background knowledge and culture to learning and Focus on academic language,
literacy and vocabulary. And in Filipino, establish a trusting relationship with the
learners, and make your communication in the classroom fun but educational.

C. Explain how mother tongue can enrich cultural awareness of both teachers and
students.

- Teaching in a student's native language may help both teachers and students
have a deeper understanding of one another's cultural origins and traditions.

Reflection
Complete the following

I realize that
- The single most effective strategy that I used to teach English-language
learners is comprehensible input. Comprehensible input means that the teacher
speaks in such a way that students are able to understand what is being said
even when they do not know or understand all of the words being stated.
I believe that
- Teaching in a student's native language may help both teachers and students
have a deeper understanding of one another cultural origins and traditions.
I feel that
- Break Down Barriers To Learning. The first thing for teachers to realize is that
when students enter the classroom they are rarely ready to learn.

20
When I become a teacher, I will
- I will use more strategies to help students understand more about mother
tongue, Filipino, and English.

LESSON 7 Classroom Communication Strategies

Observation
A. Identify the verbal and nonverbal forms of communications used by teachers
and students in the classroom.

Verbal Nonverbal Remarks

Teachers
DISCUSSION GESTURES

Students
SPOKEN AND FACIAL
WRITTEN EXPRESSION

B. Check (√ ) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class. Write
your remarks in the last column.

Communication Strategies for Observed Not Remarks

Teachers observed
Communicates with a friendly tone
R

Thinks before speaking to avoid

utterance of irrelevant words R

Speaks clearly and articulately delivers

the message he or she is trying to
convey R
Speaks with confidence

R
Demonstrates ability to produce
intelligent and fluent discourse
R
Demonstrates skills in written
communication
R
Demonstrates proficiency in oral
communication
R

21
 Manifests positive attitude towards
students
R

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.
1. How important are the verbal and non-verbal forms of communication to the
teachers?

- It is a very important tool to emphasize and give clear and understandable

lessons towards the students especially to those students which are slow
learners.

2. How do verbal and non-verbal forms of communication affect the students’

learning?

- As a human being, the non-verbal and verbal communication are sole

standards in having conversations towards another person.

3. What forms of communication do the teachers and the students need to

improve on?
- The teacher should be proficient in all four modes of communication –
listening, speaking, reading, and writing – and should know how to utilise this
proficiency effectively in a school environment to have better learning for the
students/learners.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- a teacher should be proficient in all four modes of communication – listening,
speaking, reading, and writing – and should know how to utilise this proficiency
effectively in a school environment.
I believe that
- emphasizing and give clear and understandable lessons towards the students
especially to those students which are slow learners will have a good and a
better performance for their learning.

I feel that
- Pictures, written posters and practical demonstrations improve communication
and we should use them as much as possible.

When I become a teacher, I will

22
- be proficient in all four modes of communication – listening, speaking, reading,
and writing – and should know how to utilise this proficiency effectively in a
school environment to have better learning for the student

CHAPTER II
The Learning
Environment

23
LESSON 1 Learner Safety and Security

Observation
Check (√ ) the box that corresponds to the learning environment of the
class you have observed.
The learning environment… Yes No Remarks
1. is clean and orderly
R
2. has policies that ensure
the safety and security
of students
R
3. has space where
students can play R
4. displays work of
students R
5. allow students to freely
express their thoughts
and ideas. R
6. gives students an
opportunity to take part
in the formulation in the R
classroom rules and
policies.
7. Has teachers who are
calm and respectful.
R
8. Encourage students to
explore and learn on
their own. R
9. Gives students
opportunities to correct
mistakes. R
10. Encourage student to
resolve conflicts
peacefully. R

Processing

24
 Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what
you have observe in class.
1.What features of the learning environment have significantly contributed the
student’s learning?

- Minimal distractions, a clear routine, a positive atmosphere and varied

approaches and formats of teaching are all elements that have been contributed
in students’ learning

2.In your opinion, how can the school’s learning environment be improved?
- There are many ways to create a positive classroom environment, such as
Build positive relationships, Arrange the physical environment,Set high academic
expectations,Provide positive reinforcement,Be open to feedback,
Encourage collaboration,Use current curriculum and teaching methods,Be there
for them.

3.How does Maslow’s theory

explain the importance of security and safety in ensuring that learning will take
place?
- The need for safety was acknowledged as a basic human need by Abraham
Maslow in his 'Hierarchy of Needs'. The student must feel safe in the classroom
and the learning environment before progressing to the next step in Maslow’s
hierarchy
– the need for belonging.

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
- We should gives students an opportunity to take part in the formulation in the
classroom rules and policies.

2. I believe that
- We must encourage students to explore and learn on their own.

3. I feel that
- allowing students to interact to teachers can freely express their thoughts and
ideas.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- I will give students opportunities and chances to correct mistakes.

25
LESSON 2 Fair Learning Environment
Observation
Check (√ ) the box that corresponds to your class observation and answer the
succeeding questions.
Yes No

The teacher provides students opportunities to R

make mistakes.
The teacher knows the students well.
R
The teacher provides a wide range of options
from which students can choose from in order to R
engage in activity.
The students are allowed to engage in a variety
of experiences to learn a new concept or skill. R
The students are encouraged to express
themselves
R
The teacher extends the lesson so that all
students benefit from it.
R
The teacher utilizes various ways of determining
how students learn.
R

What can you say about the learning environment?

- It has a space in which students feel safe and supported in their pursuit of
knowledge, as well as inspired by their surroundings.

How can the teacher further promote a fair learning environment?

- Teachers should not accept demeaning interactions between students based on
stereotypes.

Processing

26
 Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1.What could have contributed to the presence or absence of a fair learning
environment?
- The relationships with teachers, friends and peers that contributed to the social
environment. Students valued a calm and well-managed environment that
enhanced behaviour and created a feeling of safety for learning, which contributed
positively to learning progress.

2.How does a fair learning environment affect the way children learn?
- Students who study in a positive learning environment have been shown to be
more motivated, engaged, and have a higher overall learning ability.

Reflections
I realized that
- Teachers should not accept demeaning interactions between students based on
stereotypes.
I believe that
- The relationships with teachers, friends and peers that contributed to the social
environment. Students valued a calm and well-managed environment that
enhanced behaviour and created a feeling of safety for learning, which
contributed positively to learning progress.
I feel that
- Students who study in a positive learning environment have been shown to be
more motivated, engaged, and have a higher overall learning ability.

When I become a teacher, I will

- I will provide a space in which students feel safe and supported in their pursuit of
knowledge, as well as inspired by their surroundings.

LESSON 3 Management of Classroom Structure and Activities

Observation
In the box, draw the room layout of the class you have observed.

27
A. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions.
1. What can you say about the physical structure of your classroom?

- Base on my observation regarding its’ physical structure are some of learning

facilities has insufficient supplies of light, armchairs, ventilation and learning
materials cabinet. Lack of first aid supply in such visible walls or area in the
facility.

2. What are the things that you considered when you arranged the classroom?

- The things that I considered when I arranged the classroom is the safety of the
students, removing hazards inside the classroom and provide a comfortable
sitting arrangement for students.

3. What do you think are advantages and disadvantages of this kind of physical
setup?

- In this kind of setup, it minimize the risk of having accidents inside the
classroom and provides a comfortable feeling while learning provided by a well
arranged armchair position for students. Thru this setup, the students will be
able to internalize the learning and lessons that are taught during classes.

Processing
Based on what you have observed in class and the teacher’s responses
on the interview, answer the following questions.
1. Do you think that the classroom structure is consistent with the teacher’s
objectives?
Why? Why not?
- Yes, because it can be organize according to the mission and vision
objective of the teacher in parting learnings to their students.

2. How does the classroom setup affect the students’ performance and
learning?

- It provides efficient learning to them.

28
3. If you were the teacher, what kind of classroom structure would you adopt to
maximize the students’ learning?

- An authoritative classroom management style includes high control and high

involvement. This means that teachers with an authoritative style value
discipline and order while also valuing student connections and learning more
about their lives, hobbies or interests.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- Always treat your students with respect. Create an enjoyable learning
environment that encourages student participation and soft skills development.
Show interest in your students' lives outside the classroom. Teach with
enthusiasm and passion.

I believe that
- An authoritative classroom management style includes high control and high
involvement.

I feel that
- the best way to maximize learning is the awareness about the cognitive or
grasping ability of the child as well as teachers' own cognitive level.

When I become a teacher, I will

- Make the most of all the time to have with my students and to show that I
value their time by being prepared with tasks, resources and work that is
meaningful and relevant.

LESSON 4 Support for Learner Participation

Observation
Check (√ ) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class.

Yes No

1. The teacher tells the students of his or her

expectations after every activity. R

29
 2. The teacher recognizes the effort made by
the students who participate. R

3. The classroom is arranged in a way that the

students can see and communicate with each R
other.
4. The teacher moves around the room as he or
she discusses the lesson. R

5. The teacher makes use of various teaching

strategies to elicit the students’ participation. R

6. The students are given the opportunity to

discuss their thoughts, ideas, and opinions R
with the whole class or some classmates.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you
have observed in class.

1. How does the teacher encourage the students to participate actively in

class?

- The teacher made the students idolize his personality as an equip

unmotivated training model and to encourage his students to focus of their goal.

2. What do you think is the best classroom setup to encourage the students to
engage in the activity?

- The best classroom setup for me is having a interactive learning. Such as

interesting, understandable ,attractive and encouraging Instructional materials.

3. What strategies should the teacher use to make the students participants in
class?
- Used participation to not only answer questions but to seek help or ask for
clarification.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- The teacher makes use of various teaching strategies to elicit the students’
participation.

I believe that

30
 - If the teacher moves around the room as he or she discusses the lesson then
everyone listens.

I feel that
- The best classroom setup for me is having a interactive learning. Such as
interesting, understandable ,attractive and encouraging Instructional materials.

When I become a teacher, I will

- recognizes the effort made by the students who participate.
LESSON 5 Promotion of Purposive Learning
Observation
Determine if the environment supports purposive learning by checking ( √ ) the
box that corresponds to what you have observed in class.
Yes No

1. The learning environment promotes respect by R

giving the students opportunities to listen to each
other.
2. The students are provided with avenues to observe R
and practice a skill.

3. All experiences are considered learning R

experiences.
4. The students are given opportunities to collaborate R
each other.
5. The teacher uses other strategies aside from R
lecture to help the students understand the lesson.
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. Does the teacher support purposive learning? If yes, how? If no, how can the
teacher support purposive learning?

- Yes, a teacher can support purposive learning by helping students uncover

knowledge. Eliminate the front of the classroom.

2. How else can purposive learning be promoted in the classroom?

- Give learners clear lesson aims and refer to them at each stage.
Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that

31
- A teacher can support purposive learning by helping students uncover
knowledge.
I believe that
- All experiences are considered learning experiences.
I feel that
- If the teacher will provide the students with opportunities to engage in activities
of their choice it would be a effective in their learning.
When I become a teacher, I will
-Give my students a opportunities to collaborate each other.
LESSON 6 Management of Learner Behavior
Observation
Preliminary Activity
Observe the teacher. Check the item that best describes the learning
environment.
Yes No Remarks

1. Does the teacher expect the students to

respond according to how the lesson R
was taught?
2. Does the teacher provide the students
with opportunities to engage in activities R
of their choice?
3. Does the teacher provide immediate
feedback like praises or grades?4 R
4. In the classroom environment arranged
so that the students can easily R
collaborate?
5. Is the classroom environment arranged
so that the students can freely explore R
their interests?
6. Does the teacher provide the students
with opportunities to succeed? R
7. Does the teacher immediately correct
the mistakes made by the students? R
8. Does the teacher guide the students to
discover their own mistakes? R
9. Does the teacher allow the students to
commit mistakes until they are able to R
correct these errors on their own?
10. Is the student-teacher relationship
cordial? R
11. Can the students freely express their
thoughts and ideas in class? R
12. Does the teacher listen to the students’
ideas? R

32
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. What kind of classroom management does the teachers practice? Why?
- The authoritative approach is the best form of classroom management style
because it is the one most closely associated with appropriate student
behaviors.

2. Do you think that the management style that the teacher is using in class
contributes to the students’ learning? Why? Why not?

-I think it depends on the student whether he/she focus on his/her learning

despite of any management style.

3. If you were the teacher, what management style would best maximize
students’ learning?
- The authoritative approach is the best form of classroom management style
because it is the one most closely associated with appropriate student
behaviors.

Reflection
Write your reflection by completing the following:
I realized that
- The authoritative approach is the best form of classroom management style
because it is the one most closely associated with appropriate student
behaviors.

I believe that
- The authoritative approach is the best form of classroom management style
because it is the one most closely associated with appropriate student
behaviors.

I feel that
- it depends on the student whether he/she focus on his/her learning despite of
any management style.

When I become a teacher, I will

-describe my classroom management style as being authoritative, but not
authoritarian. I like to bring everything I have to my teaching, which means I
emphasize rules and proper behavior, but I also focus on engagement and
student enjoyment.

33
CHAPTER III
Diversity of
Learners

34
 LESSON 1 Learner’s Gender, Needs, Strengths, Interests, and Experiences
Observation
A. Interview the following internal school stakeholders on how they promote a
gender-sensitive school/classroom. Write their responses on the lines provided
below.

School Principal

Department head

Cooperating teacher

- accepted by the teacher, the important is same learning.

Guidance counselor

B. Discuss the following steps create a progressive, student-centered classroom.

1. Create ongoing projects.

- The ongoing project plays an essential role in promoting mastery. The key to
ongoing projects is to provide plenty of project choices that enable students to
demonstrate what they are learning. Many objectives or standards can be met in
one well-crafted project that allows students to decide what the final product
looks like. The ongoing project stimulates the workshop environment that is the
foundation upon which the student-centered classroom is built.

2. Integrate technology

35
 - In today’s digital world, it doesn’t matter if your classroom is filled with
computers; students have them in the palms of their hands. Mobile learning is
no longer the wave of the future; it’s the present. Learners will be more engaged
in any activity or project if they can choose from the hundreds of amazing, free
web tools that provide excellent platforms for presenting, curating, and sharing
information. When students have an array of exciting web tools at their disposal,
they become eager to participate in almost any class activity.

3. Replace homework with engaging in-class activities.

- The research on the effectiveness of homework ends up on both the pro and
con sides. Most studies that support assigning homework suggest that it
increases grades in class or on tests. Whether this is true or not is irrelevant.
Measuring achievement with grades and test scores is a false barometer of
learning because all the control in these areas is in the hands of the teacher,
and there is no place for control in a student-centered classroom. With
engaging, ongoing projects that are driven by interactive web tools, students
produce more in class, making homework obsolete. Best of all, when not faced
with “do-this-and-do-it-my-way” assignments, students become eager to
complete the projects that they have created and choose to do schoolwork
outside of class. This autonomy breeds learning for the sake of learning—one of
the best parts of the student-centered classroom.

4. Eliminate rules and consequences.

- The workshop environment of a bustling student-centered classroom
encourages a pursuit of learning that allows little time for disruption. Set the tone
from the first day of the school year by eliminating all discussion of rules and
consequences. Explain that your learning environment is built on mutual respect
and a quest for knowledge, so there won’t be time for any behavior issues. Keep
activities engaging, and behavior will never be an issue.

5. Involve students in evaluation.

- Numbers, percentages, and letters on activities, projects, and report cards say
little about learning. A student-centered environment thrives through the use of
narrative feedback that follows a specific formula and encourages students to
resubmit assignments that do not demonstrate mastery. This approach relies on
reciprocal feedback between the student and the teacher. Involving students in
conversations about their learning not only builds trust, but also helps them
become critics of their own work, which is a remarkable part of the amazing
student-centered classroom.

C. List down 10 strengths and weaknesses of the students from the class you have
observed.

Student Name Strengths Weaknesses

36
 1. RAGPA DRAWING LANGUAGE
BARRIER
2. DEGUIT ANALYTICAL SKILLS ATTENTION SPAN
3. SARANDE ANALYTICAL SKILLS READING SKILLS
4. JAKOBE SPORTS/DANCING WRITING SKILLS
5. PAMAYO MATHEMTICAL THINKING SKILLS
SKILLS
6. GAJANO SPORTS ATTENTION SPAN
7. DIAZ DANCING ATTENTION SPAN
8. GIRASOL SPELLING LANGUAGE
BARRIER
9. ANTIQUE MUSIC ANALYTICAL SKILLS
10. IBERRO SPORT SPELLING
Other comments:

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Based on your interviews with internal stakeholders on how to promote a

gender-sensitive school/classroom, which of the answer is the best? Why?

- We have to take care of few do's and don'ts for making classroom interaction
gender sensitive. Make both boys and girls share activities like cleaning, moving
furniture, to the chalkboard during a lesson. Plan and conduct activities that give
opportunity to all children accepting one another as equals.

2. How will you determine the strengths and weaknesses of your students?
- use a paper survey, a google form, or other online surveys (with permission) to
ask questions about strengths and interests in and out of school. You can also
survey family members to provide thoughts about the student. This would be
great to be included in a student's file.

3. Which among the steps on creating progressive, student-centered classroom

is the best step? Why?
- One of the keys to developing a student-centered classroom and learning
environment is to create ongoing projects for students. Ongoing projects
promotes mastery of subject matter being taught and learned.
4. How are you going to use the learners’ needs and interests in creating a
more effective instruction?
- Provide students with opportunities to explore key interests, Give your
students time and opportunities to explore their interests and to discover what
they truly love to do, so they can develop their knowledge and the skills needed
to succeed in the areas they are passionate about.

37
Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
- One of the keys to developing a student-centered classroom and learning
environment is to create ongoing projects for students.
2. I believe that
- Give your students time and opportunities to explore their interests and to
discover what they truly love to do.

3. I feel that
- Ongoing projects promotes mastery of subject matter being taught and
learned.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- Provide students with opportunities to explore key interests, Give your
students time and opportunities to explore their interests and to discover what
they truly love to do, so they can develop their knowledge and the skills needed
to succeed in the areas they are passionate about.

LESSON 2 Learners’ Linguistic, Cultural, Socio-economic, and Religious Backgrounds

Observation
A. Ask your cooperating teacher for a copy of his or her School Form 1 (School
Register). Paste a copy of the School Form 1 in the box below and answer
the following questions.

1. What is the grade and section that you have observed?

- Grade 7, Section Fatima and Guadalupe

2. How many boys and girls are there?

- Section Fatima (BOYS- , GIRLS- )
- Section Guadalupe (BOYS- , GIRLS- )

3. What is the religion of the majority of the students?

- Roman Catholic

4. What is the common mother tongue of the students?

- Cebuano

5. Does the class have a student who belongs to an ethnic group?

- No

38
B. List down 10 strategies your cooperating teacher can use to address the
individual differences (linguistics, cultural, socio-economic, and religious
backgrounds) of the students.

Strategy 1: Formulate level specific instructional strategy.

Strategy 2: Use individual meeting.
Strategy 3: Consider outside placement option.
Strategy 4: Involve students in educational goal.
Strategy 5: Differentiate Instruction.
Strategy 6: Capitalize on Learning Style.
Strategy 7:Capitalize on student Interest.
Strategy 8: Group student effectively.
Strategy 9:Use computerized instruction.
Strategy 10: Incorporate multiple Intelligence.

C. Ask the cooperating teacher about how he or she gives importance to

differentiated instruction in his or her classes.

Other comments:

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Does the number of boys and girls affect the classroom instruction?
How?
- Yes, because there are both compatible.

2. Does the religious background of the students affect the preparation of

the lesson? How?
- Yes, of course, it affects. As you can see, religion and school are
sometimes perceived as conflicting. Just like our school it is a catholic
school, some students are muslims.

3. Does the mother tongue of most of the students affect the medium of
instruction? How?
- Mother tongue makes it easier for children to pick up and learn other
languages. Mother tongue develops a child's personal, social and cultural
identity. Using mother tongue helps a child develop their critical thinking and
literacy skill, the child will learn concepts faster, adjust better, and show
gains in learning quicker.

4. Do the socio-economic differences of the students affect their learning?

How?

39
 - The socio-economic level of the student determines their academic
performance.

5. Are contextualization, localization, and indigenization of the curricula

being done to fit the cultural background of the students?
- Yes, it helps teachers and students comprehend concepts by relating and
presenting a lesson in the context of the prevailing local environment,
culture, and resources.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- The socio-economic differences of the students affect their learning base on their
academic performance.
I believe that
- Children raised in religious families tend to have enhanced social and psychological
skills but may perform less well academically, compared to their non-religious peers.
I feel that
- Using mother tongue helps a child develop their critical thinking and literacy skil.
When I become a teacher, I will
- show that children raised in religious families tend to have enhanced social and
psychological skills but may perform less well academically, compared to their non-
religious peers.

LESSON 3 Learners with Disabilities, Giftedness, and Talents

Observation
A. Interview the following internal school stakeholders on how they deal with
students with disability and gifted learners.

Internal stakeholders How do you feel with learners with

disability and giftedness?

Name of the School

Principal: Mrs. Analisa As a principal, I ensure classroom
P. Amil implementation of academic and
behavioral interventions for students
with disabilities by monitoring
instruction.
Name of the Classroom

40
 Adviser: Mr. Marcky I allow scheduled breaks during
Mabanag lecturers, tests and exams. I am
providing personal feedback on
academic performance.
Name of the Guidance
Counselor: Ms. March As a Guidance Counselor, I support
Sinangote students with disabilities by
collaborating with school-based teams
to ensure appropriate services for
students with disability related
educational plans.

B. Sit in a class with exceptional learners. Observe how the teacher uses different
strategies in teaching exceptional learners. List down five observations.

Observation 1:
- Knowing first that each student is unique.

Observation 2:
- Keeping the instructions simple.

Observation 3:
-Create opportunities for another chance to success.

Observation 4:
- Blend 'the Basics' with more specialized instruction.

Observation 5:
-Check Student Performance.

C. Watch the film, Every Child is Special. After watching the movie, write a
reflection about the film.

- I realized as well that us grown ups must observe every child that is being
entrusted to us, that we must have the patience, and most of all, we should understand
them. Every child has unique abilities and every child has a unique purpose. Every
child tries to endeavor and focus best in his life. Primarily, every child has his own
dreams. But the main factor to ponder is, for us to understand his dreams. And the
truth is, we lack stability, patience and understanding as far as the child is concern.
To conclude, people had their own capabilities, ability, and talents. You may not be
good at all things, but one thing for sure was you have your own unique talent.
Discover and strive to what interests you more and use it in your learning strategies
like what Ram did to Ishaan.

Processing

41
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. How do the answer of the school principal, classroom adviser, and guidance
counselor on dealing with exceptional learners differ from each other?

2. Based on your five observations on how a teacher uses a strategy in teaching

learners with disability and giftedness, which strategy is the best? Why?
- Blend 'the Basics' with more specialized instruction
Still another way of instructing multiple levels of students is to teach general
concepts to the whole group while pairing it with individual instruction.

3. What have you realized after watching the film, Every Child is Special?
- I realized as well that us grown ups must observe every child that is being
entrusted to us, that we must have the patience, and most of all, we should
understand them.
4. Write a slogan to promote inclusive learning in the Philippines.
- "EDUCATION IS THE KEY TO OUR FUTURE"

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
-Strategies help learners participate, connect, and add excitement to the content
being delivered.
2. I believe that
-Without the use of a strategy, teachers would be aimlessly projecting information
that doesn't connect with learners or engage them.
3. I feel that
- Space breaks between assignments so students can refocus on their tasks.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
- Let the parents should be partner with the school to help teachers and
administrators understand their child's physical, organizational, and other needs.

LESSON 4 Learners in Difficult Circumstances

Observation
A. Interview the students on the difficulties they encounter while enrolled in school.
List down 10 difficulties on the lines provided.

42
1. The difficulties that I encountered in school is that, not everyone is given
attention due to the number of students. Also, not all books are available to
students.
2. The difficulties that I encountered while I am enrolled in the school is like in the
lunchtime there is a bunch of students in the cafeteria so it is so hard to find my
circle of friends,and also sometimes we can't escape to encountered some tricky
relationship with friends.
3. The difficulties that i have encountered In school is that, while recess time it's
hard to buy food or drinks due to the large volume of students in the canteen.
4. The difficulties I encountered while enrolled in school are having to get up very
early in the morning, having to complete activities when we get home from school
so we sometimes sleep late, and we eat lunch or go to recess late due to certain
lengthy classes.
5. The difficulties that I have encountered in school is that I need to get up
early,and go to school and it's so tired to walk to school.
6. The difficulties that I encountered in school are getting up very early in the
morning, making some of my homework in school because I usually sleep too early
due to tiredness, and sometimes I can't buy snacks because there are lots of
people buying snacks.
7. Unending schoolwork difficult, or having problems concentrating in class if others
are noisy and disruptive. exam stress.
8. The difficulties that I encountered in school is that, not everyone is given
attention due to the number of students.
9. The difficulties that I have encountered In school is that not all books are
available to students.
10. The difficulties that I have encountered In school is that lack of chairs
sometimes.
B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask how or she considers the different
difficult circumstances faced by the students in preparing lessons and
strategies.

- Strategies for dealing with difficult teaching situations is to Hear what the student
is saying and to Empathize with student's situation.·

C. Create a poster-slogan promoting a diverse and responsive classroom.

43
Processing
A. Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. Based on this lesson, what is the most heroic task of the teacher?
- They help students learn how to learn. They foster their personal skills,
such as collaboration, resilience, creativity, and conflict resolution. They may
even help them manage their emotions and strategize to handle challenges
at home and elsewhere within and beyond the school.
2. Among the different difficult circumstances given by the students, which
is the most complicated? Why?

- Among the different difficult circumstances given by the students, the most
complicated is that not all books available to students. By this, some
students are not coping attention to their lessons.

B. In your own opinion, what is the best strategy to use when teaching a
student with chronic disorder?

- In my own opinion, the best strategy to use when teaching a student with
chronic disorder is recognize when a student is struggling. Watch for any
disconnect between you and your students, and look for cues that something
may be a little off.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- Schools should make it as easy as possible for students with chronic illnesses
to participate in such school activities as physical education, recess, after-
school programs, and field trips.
I believe that
- the first thing the teacher needs to do is seek guidance and support if a
student is having trouble in the classroom.
I feel that
- Schools should promote good general health, personal care, nutrition, and
physical activity.
When I become a teacher, I will

44
 - recognize when a student is struggling. Watch for any disconnect between
you and your students, and look for cues that something may be a little off.

LESSON 5 Learners from Indigenous Groups

Observation
A. Based on the class that you have observed, list down 10 students who
belong to IP groups. Fill in the information below.

Name Grade and IP Group Province

Section
1. N/A

2. N/A

3. N/A

4. N/A

5. N/A

6. N/A

7. N/A

8. N/A

9. N/A

10. N/A

B. Evaluate the school’s program for IPs by checking (√ ) the box that
corresponds to what you have observed in class.

DepED Mandates Yes No

1 Ensures the provision of

universal and equitable R
access of all Ips to
quality and relevant
basic education services
towards functional

45
 literacy for all.
2 Adopts appropriate basic
education pedagogy, R
content, assessment
through the integration
of IKSPs in all learning
areas and process.
3 Provides adequate and
culturally-appropriate R
learning resources and
environment to IP
learners.
4 Strengthen the hiring,
deployment, and R
continuous development
of teachers and learning
facilitators in the
implementation of the IP
Education Program.
5 Establishes and
strengthen appropriate R
multi-level units
responsible for planning,
implementing, and
monitoring IP education
interventions.
6 Expands and
strengthens institutional R
and civil society linkages
to ensure proper
coordination,
knowledge-sharing, and
sustainability of the IP
Education Program
7 Implements stronger
affirmative action to R
eradicate all forms of
discrimination against
Ips in the Philippine
Educational system.

C. Interview the cooperating teacher. List down five culturally-responsive

teaching strategies he or she are using for students from Indigenous Groups.

Teaching Strategy 1:
- Know your students background such as religions, family and past experiences.

46
 Teaching Strategy 2:
- Allow students to generate their thoughts and ideas.

Teaching Strategy 3:
- Respect and Reinforcement student culture

Teaching Strategy 4:
- Allow students to complete tasks in small groups.

Teaching strategy 5:
- Involved Family and Community.
Other comments and observations:
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. Why is it necessary to create the IPED Curriculum Framework?
- IPEd Curriculum Framework seeks to provide guidance to schools and other
education programs, both public and private, as they engage with indigenous
communities in localizing, indigenizing, and enhancing the K to 12 Curriculum
based on their respective educational and social contexts.

2. What school program would you recommend to the school administrators to

address the needs of IPs?
- The Educational Assistance Program. It is the program that aims to provide limited
financial assistance to qualified ICCs/IPs students/pupils based on the criteria set
forth in NCIP Administrative Order No.

3. Based on the list you made in the previous activity, most of the students belong
to what particular indigenous group? Why do you think so?
- N/A

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- There is a program for the students who are Indigenous People and by this it
helps them to learn better and to sustain their educational needs.
I believe that
- Allowing students to achieve success in private not in front of large groups.
I feel that
- Set aside time to focus on study skills and extra support can help to the learning
of the indigenous student.
When I become a teacher, I will

47
- Apply the shared vision for learning and developmental outcomes for students.
This vision acknowledges the critical, complementary roles of schools, community
partners, and families. A shared vision also helps partners avoid working against
each other and instead pursue a common vision of student success.

CHAPTER IV
Curriculum
And Planning

48
LESSON 1 Planning and Management of the Teaching and Learning
Process

Observation
A. Check whether the following teaching and learning tools are present in the
classroom that you have observed.

Teaching Tools Present None

1. Lesson plan R

2. K to 12 Curriculum Guide 3 R

3. Teacher’s Manual or Textbook R

4. Reference Materials R

5. Instructional Materials R

Other teaching tools present:

B. Ask the cooperating teacher to show his or her lesson plan to you. Analyze
the lesson plan by checking the appropriate box.

Subject FILIPINO

Grade level 7

Topic SANHI AT BUNGA

Standards Yes No
1. The objective is measurable
and developmentally R
appropriate for the grade level
of the students.

49
 2. The content is appropriate for
the grade level of the students. R

3. The instructional materials

needed for the lesson are
identified.
4. The sequence of instruction
(instructional procedure) is easy R
to follow and logical.
5. The sequence of instruction
follows an appropriate R
instructional design or learning
theory.
6. Creative learning experiences R
are used in the lesson.
7. Differentiated learning is used R
in the selection of learning
activities.
8. Assessment of learning is R
included in the instructional
procedure.

Other comments and observations:

A. Check (√ ) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class.
You may write further remarks in the last column.

Developmentally Appropriate Observed Not Remarks

Teaching Practices observed
1. Uses different teaching R
strategies
2. Promotes positive classroom R
environment
3. Respects the learning styles R
and abilities of the learners
4. Differentiate learning R
activities
5. Promotes active learning R
6. Uses different instructional R
materials
7. Uses effective motivation R
strategy
8. Presents the objective of the R
lessons effectively
9. Recalls prerequisite R
knowledge and experiences

50
 of the learners before
proceeding to the lesson
10. Presents lesson in R
meaningful way that is easy
to understand
11. Provides clear examples to R
explain concepts
12. Provides opportunity for R
students to practice/apply
what they learned
13. Processes questions and R
difficulties of students
14. Uses learning strategies that R
develops creativity and
critical thinking
15. Provides helpful feedback to R
help students understand the
lesson
16. Encourages students to do R
their best in accomplishing
each learning task
17. Promotes positive learning R
behavior and values in the
lesson
18. Observes professionalism in R
handling students’ behavior
19. Shows enthusiasm and R
interest in every aspect of
teaching
20. Uses appropriate R
assessment tools to measure
learning outcomes

Processing

Read carefully and answer the following questions:

1. What developmentally appropriate learning principles and strategies are

observed in class?
- The principles and strategies that I observe in class is using the
appropriate assessment tools to measure learning outcomes and
provides helpful feedback to help students understand the lesson.

2. What are the things that need to be improved by the teacher?

- The things that need to be improved by the teacher is that they must
add more unusual strategies just to gain more focus on their learning.

51
 3. How do the developmentally appropriate teaching practices improve the
students’ learning ability?
- They strategically use the child's home or family language and cultural
ways of learning to enhance each child's communication, comprehension,
self-expression, and learning.

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
- Using appropriate assessment tools can measure learning outcomes.

2. I believe that
- Showing enthusiasm and interest in every aspect of teaching can lead a
better learning .

3. I feel that
- Using learning strategies can develops creativity and critical thinking.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- Add more unusual strategies to gain more focus on their learning.

LESSON 2 Aligning Learning Outcomes with Learning Competencies

Observation
A. Answer the following questions:

1. Does the school have a copy of the whole K to 12 curriculum guides?

- YES

2. Is the curriculum guide available to all teachers?

- YES

3. Are the teachers using the k to 12 curriculum guides in planning their

lessons?
- YES
4. Are the teachers aware of the differences between content standards,
performance, standards, and learning competencies?

52
 - YES

B. From the lesson plans of five cooperating teachers, provide five examples of
learning outcomes based on each of the three learning domains.

Knowledge comprehension/ translation,

application, analysis,
synthesis/creating, evaluation.
Skills Verbal information,Intellectual skills,
Intellectual skills, Motor skills,
Attitude.
Values The student engages in social action
activities to promote social justice.
Within an ethical dilemma, the
student selects a course of action
based on prioritizing what the
student says is most important.

C. Check if the learning outcomes used by the cooperating teachers in their lesson
plans are aligned with the appropriate learning competency from the K to 12
curriculum guide. Write down some of the learning outcomes and learning
competencies then check the appropriate box that corresponds to your findings.

Learning Learning Aligned Not Aligned

outcomes Competency
(Based on K to
12)
Lesson 1:
LECTURE

Lesson 2:
DIDACTIC
QUESTIONING 
Lesson 3:
COMPARE AND 
CONTRAST

Lesson 4:
DISCUSSION

Lesson 5:
DISCUSSION 
D. Check the alignment of the learning outcomes with the teaching and learning
strategies used by the corresponding teachers in their lesson plans. Write down

53
 the learning outcomes and teaching strategies and then check the box that
corresponds to your findings.
Learning Teaching Aligned Not Aligned
Outcomes Strategies

Lesson 1: The
students can identify LECTURE
the main ideas of a 
theory.

E. Check the alignment of the learning outcomes with the assessment tools used
by the cooperating teachers in their lesson plans. Write down the learning
outcomes and assessment tools, then check the box that corresponds to your
findings.

Learning Assessment Aligned Not Aligned

Outcomes Tools
Lesson 1: The
students can identify FORMATIVE
the main ideas of a ASSESSMENT 
theory.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. Are the teachers aware of the function of the k to 12 curriculum guides?
Explain your answer.
-Yes, Teachers know that a curriculum guide is the most important document
available to them and without one; it will be difficult to write lesson plans.

2. Are the teachers using the curriculum guide in planning their lesson? Explain
your answer.
- Yes, using a (curriculum) guide, teachers create effective lesson plans that are
based on the state's goals and objectives.

3. What types of learning outcomes are emphasized in every lesson

(knowledge, skills, and values)?
- Intellectual skills. With this type of learning outcome, the learners understand
the concepts, rules or procedures. Cognitive strategy. In this type of learning
outcome, the learner uses personal strategies to think, organize, learn and
behave.

4. Are the learning outcomes of the teachers aligned with the learning
competency?

54
 - Yes, it is the congruence of the learning outcomes to the level of knowledge,
skills, and attitudes described in the competency.

5. Are the learning strategies of the teachers aligned with the learning
outcomes?
- Yes, The teaching methods and the assessment are aligned to the learning
activities designed to achieve the learning outcomes. Aligning the assessment
with the learning outcomes means that students know how their achievements
will be measured

6. Are the assessment tools of the teachers aligned with the learning
outcomes?
- The teaching methods and the assessment are aligned to the learning
activities designed to achieve the learning outcomes.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- Aligning the assessment with the learning outcomes means that students
know how their achievements will be measured.
I believe that
-Building alignment between assessment and learning outcomes also allows
you to develop and communicate the pathway for students' learning
progression.

I feel that
- It is important to align learning objectives with instructional strategies and
assessments to ensure that everyone involved is aware of the expectations.

When I become a teacher, I will

- align learning objectives with instructional strategies and assessments to
ensure that everyone involved is aware of the expectations.

LESSON 3 Relevance and Responsiveness of Learning Programs

Observation
A. Before starting your observation, it is important to read the annual plan (if
private) or school improvement plan (if public) of the school where you are
assigned. Write a request letter to the principal noted by your student
teaching supervisor.

55
B. Based on the annual plan or the school improvement plan, what learning
program are provided for the students?
Learning Programs Months Implemented

C. Request an interview with the teachers and the principal. Ask the following
questions:
1. How does the school plan for each learning program?

2. Who are involved in planning?

3. Are the stakeholders involved in planning the different learning

programs? If yes, how are they involved?

4. How does each learning program contribute to the development of the

curriculum goals?

5. How does the school monitor and evaluate the implementation of each
learning program?

D. If the school is private, gather the following data and information:

1. What type of curriculum is implemented?
-

2. What are the special features of the school’s curriculum?

-
3. What learning programs are implemented?
-
4. How does the learning programs support the philosophy of the school?
-
E. Identify the extra- and co-v curricular programs being implemented in the
school.

56
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions.
1. How do the different learning programs support the development of the
students?
- Maintain and encourage a positive outlook; focus on the good. Provide
opportunities for small successes and then celebrate them.

2. How does learning program support the goals and objectives of the
curriculum?
- Program learning goals help faculty plan the curriculum, assess coherence
and sequencing, and evaluate the learning of majors. In addition, they signal
the program's disciplinary identity and provide a common language that
students, faculty, and staff share.

3. How does the school monitor and evaluate the implementation of each
learning program?
- Monitoring is seeing if you are doing what you said you would do and done
in a systematic approach to overseeing planning, learning, and teaching.

4. What are the challenges and problems in the implementation of each

learning program?
- Space. Some services integration programs require dedicated space to
carry out program activities.

LESSON 4 Enriching Teaching Practices through Professional Collaboration

Observation

A. Ask permission from any school to gather the following data and answer
the succeeding questions.
Total Enrollment
Enrolment per grade level
Number of Sections per Grade
level
Average Class Size
Total Number of Teachers
Number of Teachers with MA
units
Number of Teachers with MA
Number of Teachers with
Doctorate Degree
Number of Masters Teachers
Average Year of Service for

57
 Teachers

1. Does the school implement a mentoring program for its teachers?

How?
-
2. Does the school conduct professional meetings to discuss learning
issues and problems?
-
3. Does the school support the continuing education and development of
its teachers? How?
-
4. How do expert teachers help other teachers in improving their teaching
practices?
-
5. What are different collaboration activities available or done by the
teachers to improve their teaching practices?
-
6. Is there an existing academic collaboration between the
school/teachers and higher education institutions? If yes, what forms of
collaboration are done?
-

B. Ask permission to attend a faculty meeting or a professional meeting in

school. Answer the following questions:

1. Is sharing of good practices part of the meeting? What types of good

teaching practices are shared?
-
2. How do teachers discuss issues and problems related to teaching and
learning?
-
3. How do teachers observe professionalism during the meeting?
-
4. Do the teachers include in their agenda how the result of learning
assessment should be utilized to improve instruction?
-

C. Identify the different continuing education and development programs

offered to teachers to understand the instructional demands of the k to 12
curriculum.

58
Processing
Read the questions carefully and answer the following questions:
1. What are the implications of the data gathered during the preliminary activity?

2. How can the school utilize the data to develop better professional collaboration
among teachers to improve their teaching practices?

3. How can the school promote stronger collaboration among its teacher?

4. How does the school support and sustain a culture of excellence among
teachers and other staff?

LESSON 5 Utilizing Teaching and Learning Resources and ICT

Observation
A. Identify different teaching and learning resources available in the school.

Categories Examples
Print Photo, reading materials, motivational
quotes and other instructional materials

Audiovisual Materials Energizer, slideshow presentation, flip

charts and motion pictures

Assessment Tools Grading rubrics, google classroom, and

google form

Learning Objects Digital materials, instructional materials

and timelines

59
 Visual Materials Figure, posters, chart and model

Audio Materials Oral histories, to music and speeches

ICT-based Materials Printer, computer, desktop, and TV

B. Check whether the school has the following learning resources:

Library R

Basic Science Laboratories R

Internet Facilities R

ICT Laboratory R

Technology and Livelihood R

Education Laboratory
Audiovisual Room R

Gymnasium R

Clinic R

Guidance Office R

Speech Laboratory R

Auditorium R

Faculty Room R

C. Observe the classroom environment.

Criteria for Observation Observed Not Observation/comments
observed
1. Classrooms are R
conducive for learning.
2. Classrooms have R Classrooms have enough
enough lighting and lighting and ventilation.
ventilation.
3. Classrooms are free of R The classrooms are free
any hazard. from hazards.

60
 4. Classrooms are not R The classroom has not
crowded. enough space.

5. Classrooms are clean. R The classroom is well

maintained.

D. Analyze the lesson plans of the cooperating teachers. Examine how

technology is used to support the implementation of particular learning
outcomes. Provide an example.
Learning Outcomes Topics Instructional
Materials Needed

E. Observe how technology is used to enhance teaching and learning process.

Learning Outcomes Instructional Observation
Materials Used

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. Are there enough teaching and learning resources available in school?
- YES

2. How are these teaching and learning resources utilized in teaching and
learning?
- As well as being sources of knowledge for teachers, learning resources can
be used by teachers and teacher educators to co-construct knowledge as part
of continuing professional development. For example, observation sheets,
feedback forms and action plans can be used during classroom observation and
mentoring.

3. How do these teaching and learning resources help attain learning

outcomes? - The purpose and role of teaching and learning resources don't
only consist of making the educational process more attractive and
interesting, but also of encouraging active learning, the development of
different skills and the adoption of desirable values and attitudes of students.

61
4. How do these teaching and learning resources improve the quality of
students learning?
- Learning materials can significantly increase learners' achievement by
supporting learning. For example, an educational video may provide a learner
with new insights and an appealing worksheet may provide the learner with new
opportunities to practice a new skill gained in class.

5. What teaching and learning resources are lacking in the school?

CHAPTER V
Assessment
and Reporting
62
LESSON 1 Design, Selection, Organization, and Utilization of Assessment
Strategies

Observation
A. Define the meaning of assessment by completing this acronym with a word
related to assessment.

A – UTHENTIC

S – TUDENT-CENTERED

S – UBJECT-RELATED

E – XPLORE CAPABILITIES

S –TRESS GROWTH

63
 S – USTAIN ASSISTANCE

M – EASURABLE

E – CONOMICAL

N – ORM-REFERENCES
FORMATIVE
T – ORM-REFERENCES It is critical tokeep track of progress
and evaluate whether any changes to
the plan, should be madeduring the
lesson/ discussion.It is used to
evaluate
how students
B. Compare diagnostic, formative, and summative are performing
assessments in the this
by completing
Venn diagram. middle of the lesson.

DIAGNOSTIC
Occur at the start to
determine pre-
knowledge. Before
the lesson, it is
helpful to figure out
what the optimal
teaching strategy is

SUMMATIVE
Helps the teacherdetermine what
toteach, how to teach,and in the end,
howeffectively they taughtit.It is
preferable to access
student’sperformance at the end of the
race, seehow student did, and choose
how toimprove for the next lesson.
Thesuccess of a lesson is determined at
64
C. Observe the assessment strategies used by your cooperating teacher in class.
List down five assessment strategies and categorize the type of each
assessment strategy.
Assessment Type of Assessment

1. Grading Examination Summative Assessment

2. In-class discussion Formative Assesment

3. Clicker questions Formative Assessment

4. Performance Task Diagnostic Assessment

5. Quiz/Test Diagnostic Assessment

D. Interview the cooperating teacher on how he or she uses the results of

diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments.

1. Results of diagnostic assessments

- Results are my basis to make decisions regarding whatsteps to do in order to
promote further more learning in class.

2. Results of formative assessments

- I use result in formative assessment for me to determine oridentify ideas,
skills and learning standards that are students challenging tograsp, so that
the lessons, instructional strategies, and academic support can beadjusted as
needed to help student understand them.

3. Results of summative assessments

65
 - Results are my basis to see if the learning objectives for aparticular module
have been met. Using this strategy, I can see if the learner isready to move on
the next lesson, which is an important part of learning.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions.
1. What will happen if the teacher uses the same assessment strategy every
day?
-Students will become bored if the teacher consistently utilizes the same
assessment strategy. This is the reason why many students lose interest in and
focus on their studies.

2. Which of the three assessments strategies has been used more often in
class? Why do you think so?
- Among the three assessments strategies, the summative assessment has
been used more often because the mentor appropriately used to determine
learning progress and achievement, evaluate the effectiveness of educational
program, measure progress toward improvement goals, or make course-
placement decisions, among other possible applications.

3. In your own opinion, which of the three assessments strategies is the most
important? Explain your answer.

- The most important assessment strategies is the Formative Assessment

because it is the powerful type of assessment for improving student
understanding and performance.

4. How does assessment improve the students’ learning and the teachers’
performance?
- Using assessment results for formative and summative purposes. Teachers
who are skilled at using assessment results for formative purposes are able to
provide helpful feedback to students on their learning and adjust their teaching
to address students' needs.
Reflection
Complete the following:
realized that
- The most important assessment strategies is the Formative Assessment
because it is the powerful type of assessment for improving student
understanding and performance.

66
 I believe that
- Teachers who are skilled at using assessment results for formative purposes
are able to provide helpful feedback to students on their learning and adjust
their teaching to address students' needs.

I feel that
- These kinds of assessment may help teachers determine what students
understand in order to build on the students’ strength and address their specific
needs.

When I become a teacher, I will

- Use the different type of assessment to improve the learning if my students.

LESSON 2 Monitoring and Evaluation of Learner Progress and Achievement

Observation
A. Observe how your cooperating teacher monitors the following:
1. Seatwork
Observation 1:
-
Observation 2:
-
Observation 3:
-

2. Students’ comprehension during discussion

Observation 1:
-

Observation 2:
-

Observation 3:
-

3. Examination
Observation 1:
-
Observation 2:
-

Observation 3:
-

67
 4. Homework
Observation 1:
-

Observation 2:
-

Observation 3:
-

B. Complete the table below by making an inventory of academic excellence

awardees.
School name:
Grading Period: School year:

Section Sectio Section Section Section

A nB C D E
With Highest
Honor
With High Honor

With Honor

TOTAL

C. Based on your inventory of the learners’ achievements per section, write five
tips on how your cooperating teacher can evaluate and recognize the
students’ achievements.

Tip 1:

Tip 2:

Tip 3:

Tip 4:
Tip 5:

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Which of your observation in monitoring seatwork is the best way? Why?

68
 -When seat work begins, the teacher will circulate around the students, checking
progress and giving individual feedback and/or instruction to students. Afterwards
the teacher will sit at her desk where she can monitor the students while she helps
individuals or small groups.

2. Which of your observation in monitoring students’ comprehension during class

discussion is the best? Why?
-Students who feel ownership of their learning are more likely to persevere in the
face of challenges and take steps to proactively meet their goals. Setting goals
alone will not lead to a learner-centered classroom, but it is an important first step.

3. Which of your observation in monitoring examination is the best? Why?

-Curriculum based monitoring tests. The teacher uses standardized tests that
include all the material presented over the duration of the year.

4. If you are going to handle an advisory class, how are you going to make your
class awarding unique?
-To be a good adviser, you have to make efforts to connect with students in ways
that are not traditionally encouraged in academic.

5. Which of the tip in evaluating and recognizing students’ achievement is the

best? Why?
-Spotlight on the student. Perhaps the easiest way to recognize student
achievement is to point out success and positive choices to the class right on the
spot. For example, a student who raises her hand consistently might be praised to
the class for consistently meeting classroom expectations

Reflection. Complete the following:

I realized that that a key component of good quality education is the monitoring and
evaluation of student development and success. In order to plan lessons and give
students feedback on how they are doing, teachers need keep track of their students'
learning.

69
I believe that “questioning students during classroom discussions to check their
understanding of the material being taught” is a useful tip for keeping track and
assessing students' development and accomplishment. The connection between the
teacher and the students is the most crucial aspect of the classroom for the students to
learn fundamental skills or to engage in higher-order thinking.

I feel that when teachers evaluated their students' progress and realized that they had
achieved the highest or passing grades, they felt fulfilled. In order for him or her to go
on to the following instructional objectives, they believed their instruction was
satisfactory or acceptable.
When I become a teacher, I will track and analyse my students' learning progress and
achievement by giving them tests, marking them correctly, and recording their results.
Additionally, I will permit one-on-one interactions with students to discuss their work in
order to provide quick feedback that will help them learn. Moreover, by keeping track
and evaluating the progress of the students, I can determine whether or not my
strategies and teaching strategies are effective.

LESSON 3 Feedback to Improve Learning

Observation
a. Discuss the importance of giving constructive feedback to improve the
students’ learning. Write your answer on the space below.
- Providing feedback means giving students an explanation of what they are
doing correctly AND incorrectly, with the focus of the feedback on what the
students is doing right. It is most productive to a student's learning when
they are provided with an explanation as to what is accurate and inaccurate
about their work.

b. Paste a sample of student activity or quiz. Highlight the feedback given by

the teacher.

c. Check YES if the statement for giving feedback to students is observed.

Otherwise, check NO (adapted from Reynolds 2018)

70
 Giving Student Feedback YES NO
1. The student feedback is educative in nature. R
2. The student feedback is given in a timely R
manner.
3. The teacher is sensitive to the individual needs R
of the students.
4. The teacher anticipates the four questions. R
(What can the students do? What can’t the
student do? How does the student’s work
compare with that of others? How can the
students do better?)
5. The student feedback is a reference for a skill R
or specific knowledge.
6. The teacher gives feedback to keep the R
students “on target” for achievement.
7. The teacher hosts a one-on-one conference. R
8. The students’ feedback is given verbally, non- R
verbally or in written form.
9. The teacher concentrates on one ability. R
10. The teacher alternates due dates for R
students/classes
11. The teacher educates the students on how to R
give feedback to each other. 1
12. The teacher asks another adult to give students R
feedback
13. The students take down notes on teacher’s R
verbal feedback.
14. The teacher uses a notebook to keep track of R
student progress.
15. The teacher returns tests, papers, or comments R
cards at the beginning of class.
16. The teacher uses post-It notes in giving written R
feedback.
17. The teacher gives genuine praise. R
18. The teacher uses the phrase “I noticed . . .” in R
acknowledging the student’s effort.
19. The teacher provides a model or an example. R
20. The teacher invites students to give YOU R
feedback.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:

71
 1. When is the right time to provide constructive feedback: during or after
the students’ performance?
- When student feedback is given immediately after showing proof of
learning, the student responds and remembers the experience about what is
being learned more positively. If we wait too long to give feedback, the
student might not connect the feedback with the learning moment.

2. How does giving feedback help in the instruction decisions of the

teacher?
- Feedback provides the practitioner and learner with evidence about current
knowledge and skill development. Understanding the learner's progress and
level of achievement enables the practitioner to make decisions about the
next steps to plan in the learning program.

3. What is the best practice of your cooperating teacher in giving feedback?

-
Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that: Feedback is important in a classroom activity especially in
performing something.
I believe that: Feedback really helps students to improve their learning and develop
themselves.
I feel that: Constructive feedback is a better way because it gives what it needed to
improve and also gives positive feedback.
When I become a teacher, I will: Give my students a feedback they need especially
when improving their works and also in that way it helps them to learn more.

LESSON 4 Communication of Learners’ Needs, Progress, and Achievement to

the Key Stakeholders

Observation
a. Observe how your cooperating teacher communicates the students’ needs and
progress to their parents when conducting a PTC and card distribution. Write a
narrative report of the PTC on the space provided.

NARRATIVE REPORT OF PARENT-TEACHER CONFERENCE

Grade and Section: 7- Guadalupe Grading Period: 2nd
Date:

72
 b. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask for some useful tips on how he or she
communicates the students’ needs to parents.
Tip 1: Conduct Regular Meeting

Tip 2: Home Visitation

Tip 3: Profiling of learners to identify their needs

c. Of the three useful tips given by your cooperating teacher, what is the most
important? Explain and write your answer below.
- Tip 3: Profiling of learners to identify their needs. Because we should
alwaysknow the needs of learners before doing tip 1 and 2 to address those
issues, inthat way we may include to tackle in the meeting the needs of learners
with theparents.

d. Help in the preparation of a school-based recognition program. Write your

experiences and cite the contribution you have made to make the recognition
program successful.
-

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:

1. Why is PTC important?

- A parent-teacher conference is a one-to-one discussion between a parentand
child’s teacher to discuss the parents’ child’s schoolwork
andacademic progress. The importance of this meeting’s, a parent
willdiscover more about what their child is learning in school, how they
areprogressing academically and socially, as well as what you can do to
helpthem. The instructor has time to plan how parents and teacher can
besthelp their kid if they are facing particular issues. Also, as a result, it
canmotivate kids to stay in school because students know that their teachersare
observing them and talking to their parents, parent-teacher meetingsmight
inspire them to improve their behavior and academic performance.

2. If you will conduct a PTC, what will you include in your agenda?
- Health, because now we are facing pandemic, I would say that parentsmust
always guide their child because not all the time they can handle theirlessons
and not all the time we teachers are at their sides. Us humans, we shouldalways
take note that “health is wealth”.Weaknesses and strengths, I will inform the
parents about their strengthsbecause they should always keep that up and be
best at that area. Whereas,weakness, because they need to improve those
areas and parents should knowfor them to help them in their growth and
learning to be not left behind bylessons.

3. How will communicate the failing grade of a student to the parent?

73
 - First, before I will submit the grades to the registrar, I will send a noticeor letter
address to the parent stating that there is a large possibility that
theirson/daughter is candidate in failing grade. Second, I will gather
a onlinemeeting for those parents whose child is candidate in failing grade so
we cantalk about on how to solve it.

4. What will you suggest to the parent of a student who got a failing mark twice
in the same subject?
- If I did not solve the problem in the first time that I advise the kid and
theparent. I will advise the parent to try to talk to them because there might
besomething in their mind that keeps on stopping them to do their task or go
toschool, example is they are bullying her that leads to poor academic because
ofabsenteeism.

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
- Communication with parents is one of the best way in solving
theproblem in the school or room.
2. I believe that
- Parents-Teachers Conference are important to tackle all the needs of
thestudents and in order to address those needs properly.
3. I feel that
- If a child has a failing grade, communicate with them with gentle andkindness
to avoid arguments.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
- Talk to the student first for being candidate of failing grade for him/her
topassed the needed requirement he/she did not meet

LESSON 5 Use of Assessment Data to Enhance Teaching and Learning Practices and
Programs

Observation

a. Observe how your cooperating teacher uses the data from student
assessment to improve classroom instruction. List five best practices of
using the student assessment data.
1. Planning assessments that build up to those goals consistently, not frequently.
2. Once the teacher knows that the learners already mastered the concept it helps to
improve the classroom instruction, it meets the specific needs of students.
3. Can used to make effective decisions.
4. Assessing the needs, strengths, progress and performance of students to improve
classroom instruction.
5. Basis for developing and revising classroom instructions.

74
 b. Interview the school principal. Ask five ways by which the teachers can
use assessment data improve school programs.
1. Assessment data are used as reference in the design of instructional materials for
least mastered competencies.
2. Assessment data are used for reflection of teacher’s performance and so with the
school.
3. Assessment data are utilized as evidence in the design of school improvement
project which are reflected in the school’s annual implementation plan.
4. Assessment data are reference of teachers in the conduct of intervention to
underachieving learners.
5. Assessment data depending on the type like diagnostic and formative will help
teachers adjust his/her plan and strategies in teaching.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. Which of the five best practice of using the assessment data to improve
classroom instruction shown by your cooperating teacher is the most important?
Why?
- Assessment data are used for reflection of teacher’s performance and sowith
the school because it’s their basis to improve their performances inteaching and
imparting knowledge to the learners.
2. Which of the five ways of using assessment data to improve school programs
mentioned by the principal is the best? Why?
- The best one to improve school programs, assessment data are utilized
asevidence in the design of school improvement project which are reflectedin
the school’s annual implementation plan because it is their basis to getideas
and thoughts on what and how to improve the school programsneeded by the
learners.
3. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask him/her about his or her thoughts on the
previous school year and what he or she done to improve this year.
- Previous year made us exhausted due to pandemic but I/we
teachersaddress/resolved the issues and needs of the learners. another is, being
angood in time-management, efficient and having a good quality teacher tofinished
all the tasks.
Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realized that
- Assessment data is important in improving the school programs and forthe
teachers as their basis in doing more than what they can.
2. I believe that
- Helping each other will achieve the mission and vision of the school.Through it
they are able to meet their expected goals.

75
3. I feel that
- Sometimes, decisions must be based on the gathered data or assessmentdata of
the learners.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
- Use the assessment data effectively for me to be a good and efficientteacher

CHAPTER VI
Community
Linkages
and Professional
76
 Engagement

LESSON 1 Establishment of Learning Environments That Are Responsive to

Community Contexts
Observation
a. Conduct a survey in school. Gather the following information.
Name of School: COLEGIO DE SANTA CATALINA DE ALEJANDRIA
Address: BISHOP EPIFANIO B. SURBAN STREET DUMAGUETE CITY
Date: January 18, 2023

 Provide a brief historical background and demographic profile of the

school. Complete the following information.
-

Date Established:
Total Number of Students:
Total Number of Teachers:
Race / Ethnicity of Students and Teachers:
Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC

 Describe the physical and psychological environment of the school:

-

 Provide a brief historical background and demographic profile of the

community. Complete the following:

Date Established:
Estimated Total Population:
Race / Ethnicity:
Major Source of Income:

77
 Religions: Roman Catholic

 Describe the physical and psychological environment of the community:

 Identify cultural and traditional practices/beliefs within the community.

b. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. Does the school have active school-community partnership?

- YES

2. Who are involved in the school-community partnership?

- In a community school, youth, families and community residents work as equal
partners with schools and other community institutions to develop and tailor
programs and services for that community.

3. Does the school engage members of the community in school activities?

- YES

4. What are the school programs/projects supported by the community?

-Parent conferences
-School-home projects
-Parenthood seminars
-PTA

5. What are the activities conducted by the school to raise cultural sensitivity
and awareness?
- Volunteer Projects. Volunteer projects are excellent ways to get your students
involved in a vibrant civic culture, but they're also great opportunities to learn
about people from different cultural and socio-economic backgrounds.

6. Does the school have community extension programs?

- YES

7. What are the programs/projects extended by the school to the community?

78
 8. Are the teachers aware of the background of the community where the
school is located?
- YES

9. How does the school promote contextualization and localization to its

teachers?
-  Localizing and contextualizing curriculum and learning materials
helps teachers and students comprehend concepts by relating
10. Are the lessons contextualized?
- Yes, the lessons are contextualized.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. How does community affect the learning environment?

- The children are taught by members of the community such as adults, peers, etc.
The behavior of its citizens reflects the town’s atmosphere. Because of this it is vital
that children learn in a supportive and secure environment. The community’s
environment has an impact on the children’s environment.

2. How important is curriculum contextualization and localization of lessons and

learning materials?
- It helps teachers and students comprehend concepts by relating and presenting a
lesson in the context of the prevailing local environment, culture, and resources.
3. What strategies are you going to use in order create a culturally-responsive
learning environment?
- Learn about students' cultures. Understanding students' cultural backgrounds and
experiences is the key to culturally responsive teaching. Embrace an asset-based
mindset. Reflect on students' individual strengths. Create a student-centered
classroom.

4. How will you use the data you have gathered from the preliminary activity?
- For me to analyze and address the needs and issues of each learner, also as a
way of improving instructional learnings and use it as evidence.

LESSON 2 Engagement of Parents and the Wider Community in the Educative

Process

79
Observation
A. Interview the principal. Ask the following questions:
1. Are teachers and parents aware of the DepEd Order No. 54, series of 2009?

2. Does the school have an active PTA?

3. How often does the PTA meet?

4. What are usual issues and concerns raised by stakeholders during PTA
meeting?

5. Are the issues and concerns raised during PTS meeting/s properly addressed?

6. Does the school engage parents and members of the community in the
implementation of school programs?

7. Do parents and members of the community provide full support to school

programs and activities?

8. Describe the relationship of teachers with parents and members of the

community.

B. Request permission to observe a PTA meeting. Ask permission to record the

proceedings. Prepare highlights of proceedings from the meeting using the
following format.

Name of School:
Title of the Meeting:
Venue of the Meeting:
Date of the Meeting:
Time of the Meeting:
Attendance:

80
 Call to Order:

Agenda Discussion Action

taken/Agreement

C. Ask help from your cooperating teacher. Identify school programs/activities that
need support from parents and community members.

School Programs/Activities Date Venue

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions.

1. What are the benefits of engaging parents and members of community in the
implementation of school programs?
- That means teachers get to know the families they come from, their needs,
how they are helped at home, and the possibilities they have. The direct
relations with parents that teachers can have can help teachers understand
where children need help with learning.

81
 2. Identify strategies that promote positive relationship with parents and
members of the community including mechanics to ensure their full support
to school programs.
- Smile when you see parents
Learn their names
Declare your attention
Communicate often and in various forms
Make positive phone call home
Lead with the good news
Listen to parents
3. What have you learned from observing a PTA Meeting?

Reflection
I realized that: Meetings are important to parents, community and teachers
to discuss the needs and concerns.

I believe that: We should inform and communicate to parents to build a positive

environment help us to create good rapport.

I feel that: Communication and update is the most essential thing to do when
getting the support of parents and community.

When I become a teacher, I will: Apply PTA meeting for my sake, parent’s sake and
especially to the learners.

LESSON 3 Professional Ethics

Observation:
A. Answer the following:

1. Does the school have a faculty manual?

- No, they don’t have. We only have students’ handbook.
2. Does the faculty manual reflect the code of ethics for Professional
Teachers?
- They don’t have faculty manual.
3. Are there provisions in the manual regarding disciplinary actions or sanctions
for misbehavior, misconduct, or unethical practices of teachers?
- They don’t have faculty manual.
4. Does the school provide trainings or re-orientation for teachers regarding the
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers?

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 - Yes, the school provide trainings or re-orientation for teachers regarding
theCodeof Ethics for Professional Teachers.

B. Request a copy of the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers. Provide a

summary of each article. Write down your answer on the left column.

Articles Summary

Article II: The Teacher and .Article SummaryArticle II: The Teacher
The State andThe StateSection 1. Tells that how
do teachers promotenation pride. How
do teachers transmit toleaners? So,
teachers must promote culture andvalues
by folk dance and folk tales.
Cultivatinglove of a country is through
respecting nation flagand anthem. Respect
the law of state or school.Section 2: We
should abide/follow the law ofstate.
when it comes to school, we should abidethe
rules and regulation inside and outside
theschool.Section 3: Mentally, physically,
and morally fit. Inorder for teachers to carry
out the best service fortheir students.Section
4: Means do the assigned task whatever
itrisks with fully commitment and passion.A
child’s education is not just the duty of
school administrators and teachers. In
truth, schooladministrators and instructors
are unable to do soon their own. As the
African proverbs says, “ittakes a village to
raise a child”.
Article III: The Teacher and In, for and with the community, the teachers
The Community areinvolved. He or she meets with
communityleaders and members who, like
him or her, wantto see young people
succeed.In professional teaching, he or she
functions as alearning facilitator by ensuring
that the learningenvironment is conducive to
learning. He or she isa leader in the
community because he or sheinitiates
and participates in activities that benefitboth
individuals and the entire community. He
orshe is a professional as a community
leader. Inorder to work with the
community, he or shekeeps everyone
informed about what is going onat school.
Because he or she is a
professionalteacher, he or she is not

83
 permitted to use his orher position to
proselytize.
Article IV: A Teacher and The
Profession

Article V: The Teacher and The teacher put in her heart that
The Profession teaching ishis/her noble profession,
purely put dedicationand being
companionate on what he/she
do.Teachers need to participate in
continuingprofession education (CPE) to
improve his/herefficiency and enhance his
noble profession, it ishis/her calling
Article VI: The teacher and It is inappropriate for an instructor to
Higher Authorities of The advocateagainst the lawful institution and
Profession administrativepolicies which he or she
disagrees. In contrast, theprofessional thing
to do is to advocate legitimatepolicies, even
if one is personally opposed tothem as
professional instructor
Article VII: School Officials,
Teachers, and other
Personnel
Article VIII: The Teachers and The most desired characteristics of a
Learners teacher canbe encapsulated in the
phrases “caring”,“compassionate”, and
“fair”. Article VIII: TheTeachers and
Learners of codes of ethics describesthe
professional teacher to be such. Fair
becausehe/she centered the
evaluation of the learners’ performance
on merit and the excellence
ofeducational achievement, he/she shall not
deductfrom the learners such as
scholastic ratings, asbasic academic and
establish academic remarks.There should be
no bias or intolerance towardsany student.
Article IX: The Teachers and Teachers’ partner are the parents for
The Parents students’education. The teacher shall
characterize a warm,friendly and comforting
environment for parents.Communicate with
the parents for the needs oflearners. The
teacher must be open, keep acommon
feeling, and understanding especially
inmeetings.
Article X: The Teacher and Being a teacher also needs an extra
Business income tosupport some of the needs but
there is a properplace, avenue and time
to that business. Ateacher must not
affect his or her job, teachersmust maintain

84
 good reputation.
Article XI: The Teacher as a As a teacher, you have lot of
Person demands andexpectations to meet as
person as they know thatyou are one of the
mentors of the society, livewith dignity
show professionalism not only inschool
but also outside the school. Control
andobserve behavior and discipline
within yourselfbecause you are a role
model.

C. Review the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers. Identify which of the
ethical standards promotes the enhancement of the Teachers’ competency in
terms of the following:

Knowledge Article V: The Teachers and

The Profession- Section3
Article VI: The Teacher and
Higher Authorities int he
Professions

Skills Article II: The Teacher and The

State.

Article III: The Teacher and The

Community

Attitude Article V: The Teachers and

The Profession- Section1
Article VIII: The Teachers and
Learners
Article XI: The Teacher as a
Person
Article X: The Teacher and
Business
Article IX: The Teachers and
Parents

D. Observe the teachers. Describe how they act professionally within the school
premises. Write down your observation below.
According to what I've seen and experienced, teachers have a neat
appearance,and their appearance plays a role in transmitting professionalism.
A male teacher should dress in dress pants and a polo or button-down shirt,
with a tie or jacket added for special occasions. Female teachers should dress
appropriately for the classroom, refraining from wearing short skirts or
revealing tops. Another, Positive Interaction with Pupils Teachers recognize

85
 that there is a narrow line between being a caring adult and being a friend
when it comes to communicating with students. Professional instructors do not
let their desire to be liked by learners interfere with their ability to enforce
classroom and school standards. I also saw, Productive Interaction with
Colleagues, Professional instructors seek to successfully interact with their
colleagues. Professional instructors seek to engage effectively with one
another, as I witnessed in Productive Interaction with Colleagues. Teachers
from the same department can work together to share teaching ideas,
evaluate statistics, and discuss curriculum challenges. Those who teach the
same learners meet on a regular basis to discuss methods to improve student
performance and connect subjects. Strategies are designed to address
specific behavioral issues. Finally, teachers on-going professional
development. To keep their certification, many states require teachers to
enroll in ongoing professional development programs. Teachers who are
committed to professionalism gladly participate in training to stay current on
technological breakthroughs and emerging educational trends. They want to
know about best practices and instructional tactics for all types of students

Processing
A. Read carefully and answer the following questions:

1. What is the importance of the Code of Ethics to teachers?

- The code of ethics for teachers is designed to protect the rights of the students, all
the students. It is important that teachers understand that when they get
a teaching position they are agreeing to follow the code of ethics.

2. How does the Code of Ethics influence the personal life of a teacher?
- The code of ethics for teachers is designed to protect the rights of the students, all
the students. It is important that teachers understand that when they get
a teaching position they are agreeing to follow the code of ethics.

3. How does the Code of Ethics influence a teacher’s competence?

- The code of ethics for teachers is designed to protect the rights of the students, all
the students. It is important that teachers understand that when they get
a teaching position they are agreeing to follow the code of ethics.

4. In what aspects does the teacher need improvement?

- I think the aspect that the teacher need for improvement is that developing
herself-confidence specially when talking to parents.

5. How will you promote The Code of Ethics to fellow teachers?

- Teachers should always avoid gossip of any kind, including false comments about
coworkers or students. Part of the code of ethics requires teachers to cooperate
with fellow teachers, parents, and administrators to create an atmosphere that
fosters learning and growth.

86
B.Write an easy about the characteristics of an ideal teacher.

A competent teacher should possess individual qualities such as

being kind-hearted, humorous, patient, responsible, having confidence and
leadership. In my opinion, among all these qualities, patience is the most
important quality that a good teacher should possess. Teachers must be
respectful to the students to make them feel safe and for the student to
learn to respect them. A respectful teacher will teach the student to listen to
others because each person's ideas and opinions are valued. Genuine
warmth and empathy towards all students in the classroom. Respect for the
students in both his/her behaviour and use of language. Praising children
for effort towards realising their potential. Seeking and honouring student
choice and input.

Reflection
Complete the following:

1. I realized that
- The code of ethics for teachers is designed to protect the rights of the
students, all the students. It is important that teachers understand that when
they get a teaching position they are agreeing to follow the code of ethics.

2. I believe that
-Teachers should always avoid gossip of any kind, including false comments
about coworkers or students. Part of the code of ethics requires teachers to
cooperate with fellow teachers, parents, and administrators to create an
atmosphere that fosters learning and growth.

3. I feel that
- Part of the code of ethics requires teachers to cooperate with fellow
teachers, parents, and administrators to create an atmosphere that fosters
learning and growth.

4. When I become a teacher, I will

- conduct consultation with parents prior to the approval and implementation
of the school policies and procedure
LESSON 3 School Policies and Procedures
Observation
A. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions
1. Does the school have policies and procedure?
- Yes

87
 2. When did the school establish these policies and procedure?
3. Why were involved in the crafting of the school policies and procedure?
4. Are the provisions of these policies and procedures in accordance with
DepEd policies?
- Yes
5. Does the school conduct consultation with parents prior to the approval
and implementation of the school policies and procedure?
- Yes
6. Does the school implement the school policies and procedure?
- Yes
7. Are the teachers aware all of the school policies and procedure?
- Yes

8. Do school officials, teachers, and staff adhere to the school policies and
procedure?
- Yes

9. Are students and parents aware of the school policies?

- Yes

10. Does the school conduct annual orientation on the school policies?
- Yes

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. What is the importance of school policies and procedure to teachers and
students?
- Policies are important because they help a school establish operating procedures
and create standards of quality for learning and teaching, as well as set out
expectations and accountability. Without these, schools would lack the structure
and function necessary to provide the educational needs of students.
2. What is the most important aspect to consider when developing a school policy?
- In order for an institution to encourage higher learning, plans must be in place that
establish goals as set forth by the school management. This is important for
relating education to the community and making it responsible to the larger world.
3. What is the importance of stakeholders’ consultation when formulating a policy?
- Stakeholder consultation aims to build relationships based on mutual trust and
benefits. Listening to and understanding the views and feedback from stakeholders
can help shape and improve the overall operations of a business. Stakeholder
consultation can be project-based or on-going.
4. In the event that a problem occurs in the absence of school policy, what should
a teacher do to address the problem?
- Pay attention to your emotions and how they influence you. Consciously decide
how to respond to a conflict situation.Give yourself time to prepare.Listen, Reflect,

88
Inquire. Use “I” messages to express your concerns in a non-confrontational way.
Frame the issue in terms of interests.

5. What are the things that the school needs to improve?

- Clearing weeds, pruning hedges, planting flowers, and picking up garbage in
fields and parking lots are all student-friendly methods to improve the
appearance of a school's campus. Another great way to engage students is to
organize campaigns.

CHAPTER VII
Personal Growth
and Professional
89
 Development

LESSON 1 Philosophy of Teaching

Observation
Observe a teacher for two weeks. Please write your observation on the following.
1. Classroom layout

- Based on my observation, the layout of the classroom is composed of 2 columns

and 4 rows each. Students face the instructor with their backs to one another.

2. Teaching Methodology
- Based on my observation, the teaching methodology that has been used by my
mentor is Experiential learning , It encourages creativity, helps students learn from
mistakes, fosters reflective thinking, and prepares students for future
experiences. It has been effective for several subjects, especially during science
experiments, sports coaching, and group projects.

3. Assessment
- Based on my observation, the type of assessment that has been used by my
mentor are collecting information, the strategic use of questioning, giving feedback,
and introducing peer and self-assessment.

4. Materials

90
 - Based on my observation, the materials that ha been used by my mentor are
Textbooks, reference books, lesson plans, workbooks, flashcards, charts and
supplemental reading materials. Graphic and interactive materials: Physical
objects, photographs, illustrations, charts, graphs, maps, multimedia, movies and
games.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. What do you think is the teaching philosophy of the teacher that you have
observed?
- The teacher knows and understands his students, how they develop and learn.
Based on my observation, my mentors’ teaching philosophy is to focus on building
students' independent study habits.
2. Cite the reasons for your answer in the previous questions.
-” The philosophy of education focuses heavily on understanding what students
feel when being taught. By putting ourselves in our students' shoes, we can
uncover the benefits of multi sensory learning, learning tools, artifacts of
teaching, and the impact of engagement.”- Mentor

3. How does the teacher’s philosophy of teaching impact the learners?

- A teaching philosophy is an integral part in learning about a candidate, their
willingness to reflect and change in response to the feedback from students and peers,
and their future ideas and goals for teaching and learning effectiveness.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- A teaching philosophy is an integral part in learning about a candidate, their
willingness to reflect and change in response to the feedback from students and peers,
and their future ideas and goals for teaching and learning effectiveness.
I believe that
- The philosophy of education focuses heavily on understanding what students feel
when being taught.
I feel that
- The impact of educational philosophy helps educators in formulating beliefs,
arguments, and assumptions and in making value judgments.

91
When I become a teacher, I will
- teach students how to develop and support their own positions, interpretations, and
analyses.and provides training in the construction of clear formulations, good
arguments, and apt examples.

LESSON 2 Dignity of Teaching as a Profession

Observation
Observe a class. List down the personal and professional qualities of the cooperating
teacher, which you think, contribute to the development of the students.
1. Personal qualities

- Some personal qualities of my cooperating teacher include , listening,

collaboration, adaptability, honest, empathy and patience..

2. Professional qualities

- Some professional qualities of my cooperating teacher include, Strong

communication skills., Disciplined and professional, Patient and approachable, Strong
knowledge and has a solid education, and Enthusiastic

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. What do you think are the best qualities of the teacher that you have observed?
Why?
- Some qualities of my cooperating teacher that I observed include skills in
communication, listening, collaboration, adaptability, empathy and patience. Other
characteristics of effective teaching include an engaging classroom presence,
value in real-world learning, exchange of best practices and a life long love of
learning.
2.How can the teacher continue to grow personally and professionally?
- T o improve professional development for teachers, there must be clear focus
on the groups attending and what their needs are. Furthermore, there must be a

92
platform for feedback and reflection. In order to monitor and adjust teaching
strategies and delivery, educators often ask for feedback from their students.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- there must be a platform for feedback and reflection. In order to monitor
and adjust teaching strategies and delivery, educators often ask for feedback
from their students.
I believe that
- a teacher may grow personally if she/he join a professional scholarly journal, go
online and read educational blogs, or read some literature on education.

I feel that
- T o improve professional development for teachers, there must be clear focus
on the groups attending and what their needs are.
When I become a teacher, I will
- join a professional scholarly journal, go online and read educational blogs, or read
some literature on education to grow my personal and professional qualities.

LESSON 3 Professional Links with Colleagues

Observation
A. Ask the cooperating teacher if you can volunteer as shadow teacher for a day.
List ways on how the teacher collaborations with other teachers.

B. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. In what ways do you collaborate with your colleagues?

- Create a truly shared vision and goals. The level of ownership they feel in the
process influences how much teachers actually invest in collaborative work.
Develop a sense of community. Identify group norms. Use discussion and
dialogue. Work through conflict.

2. Why do you need to collaborate with your colleagues?

- Collaboration improves the way your team works together and problem
solves. This leads to more innovation, efficient processes, increased success,
and improved communication. Through listening to and learning from team
members, you can help each other reach your goals.

93
 3. What do you think are the advantages of collaborating with colleagues?
What are the disadvantages?
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions:
1. Do you think that linking with colleagues is important in teaching? Why? Why
not?
- Just like building relationships with students lays the groundwork for
academic success, building relationships with colleagues lays the groundwork
for effective collaboration.
2. How does collaborating with other teachers impact the students?
- In addition to supporting the instructional role of teachers, collaboration
plays a key role in building relationships among teachers so that they feel part
of a professional community and derive personal fulfillment from their work.

3. If you were the teacher, how will you collaborate with your colleagues?
- If I were the teacher, I will collaborate in a multitude of ways, exchange
ideas and resources, discuss student learning, team up for joint activities and
knowledge creation.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- building relationships with students lays the groundwork for academic
success, building relationships with colleagues lays the groundwork for
effective collaboration.
I believe that
- building relationships with students lays the groundwork for academic
success, building relationships with colleagues lays the groundwork for
effective collaboration.

I feel that
- the most important collaboration skills that help build positive relationships for
team teaching are listening without interrupting; summarizing, paraphrasing, or
adding to others' ideas; and asking questions to clarify someone else's idea.

When I become a teacher, I will

94
 - I will collaborate in a multitude of ways, exchange ideas and resources,
discuss student learning, team up for joint activities and knowledge creation.

LESSON 4 Professional Reflection and Learning to Improve Practice

Interview
A. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following question:

1. How do you evaluate your practices in the classroom?

- informal student feedback, asking students what they think you are doing
well or could be improved.

2. Do you think it is necessary to evaluate one’s own practices? Why? Why

not?
- Evaluating your teaching is a way of ensuring that you are doing all you can to
help your students achieve their potential.

3. If given a choice, what do you think is the best way that you can do to help
improve your own practices?
- The best way that I can do to help improve my own practices is to Review
Strong Decision-Making Skills.

Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions.
1. How does the teacher reflect on her own practices?

- When instructors engage in reflective teaching, they are dedicating time to

evaluate their own teaching practice, examine their curricular choices, consider
student feedback, and make revisions to improve student belonging and
learning.

2. What can you say about the way the teacher reflects on her own practices?

- Teacher reflection helps move from just experiencing a lesson, to

understanding what happened and why.

3. How do you think reflective practice can be further reinforced in schools?

- By asking students for their thoughts and feeling s on the learning, they
play an active part in the learning cycle. This allows them to take ownership

95
 of their learning and also work with you and give feedback, which creates self-
aware and responsible students.

Reflection
Complete the following:
1. I realize that
- Teacher reflection helps move from just experiencing a lesson, to
understanding what happened and why.
2. I believe that
- When instructors engage in reflective teaching, they are dedicating time to
evaluate their own teaching practice, examine their curricular choices, consider
student feedback, and make revisions to improve student belonging and
learning.
3. I feel that
- Reflection allows people to think back on and learn from their experiences,
constructing new knowledge and applying that knowledge to new experiences.
4. When I become a teacher, I will
- ask my students for their thoughts and feeling s on the learning, they play
an active part in the learning cycle.

LESSON 5 Professional Development Goals

Interview
A. Interview the cooperating teacher. Ask the following questions:

1. As a teacher, in what areas do you think you should improve?

- There are many things that should be improved in the life of a teacher. I think the
areas that I should improve is updating my skill set.

2. What do you think to address the areas that you need to improve on or
develop?
- Regularly check in with yourself to evaluate possible areas of improvement by writing
out your challenges in the workplace and seek feedback from others.
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on the interview you
conducted.

1. Do you think the teacher was able to address her learning goals? Why? Why
not?

96
 - Yes, because students and some teachers hone their focus and create fairer
assessments than unwritten or undefined expectations do.

2. Based on the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers, what particular

domain or strand should the teacher address as her learning goal? Explain your
answer.
- The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers defines teacher quality in the
Philippines. The standards describe the expectations of teachers’ increasing levels
of knowledge, practice and professional engagement. At the same time, the
standards allow for teachers’ growing understanding, applied with increasing
sophistication across a broader and more complex range of teaching/learning
situations. provide learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive
in order to promote learner responsibility and achievement. They create an
environment that is learning-focused and they efficiently manage learner behavior
in a physical and virtual space. They utilize a range of resources and provide
intellectually challenging and stimulating activities to encourage constructive
classroom interactions geared towards the attainment of high standards of learning.

Reflection
Complete the following:
I realized that
- Providing learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in
order to promote learner responsibility and achievement.
I believe that
- Focus on feedback and reflection. To improve professional development for
teachers, there must be clear focus on the groups attending and what their
needs are.
I feel that
- Regularly check in with yourself to evaluate possible areas of improvement by
writing out your challenges in the workplace and seek feedback from others.

When I become a teacher, I will

- Provide learning environments that are safe, secure, fair and supportive in
order to promote learner responsibility and achievement.

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