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Method For Computing R-CHART

Control charts can be divided into those for variables and attributes. Variables charts include the x-chart for mean, R-chart for range, and σ-chart for standard deviation. The x-chart controls average quality, using sample means. The R-chart controls variability using sample ranges, and is easier to calculate than the σ-chart. For small samples, the R-chart is recommended over the σ-chart. However, the σ-chart theoretically better measures variability. In practice, the R-chart is more widely used due to ease of computation and sample size.

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SURYAPRAKASH G
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29 views14 pages

Method For Computing R-CHART

Control charts can be divided into those for variables and attributes. Variables charts include the x-chart for mean, R-chart for range, and σ-chart for standard deviation. The x-chart controls average quality, using sample means. The R-chart controls variability using sample ranges, and is easier to calculate than the σ-chart. For small samples, the R-chart is recommended over the σ-chart. However, the σ-chart theoretically better measures variability. In practice, the R-chart is more widely used due to ease of computation and sample size.

Uploaded by

SURYAPRAKASH G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Dr. J.

Glorypersial
Assistant Professor
Department of Statistics
St. Joseph’s college
Tiruchirappalli– 620 002
 Control charts can be divided under two
heads:

 Control charts for variables

 Control charts for Attributes


 Variables are those quality characteristic
of a product which are measurable and
can be expressed in specific units of
measurement such as :
› Diameter of a screen,
› The length of a rod,
› The life in hours of a bulb etc.
 In case, the length, diameter, life etc..
are continuous variables and it will form
a normal distribution
 There are three commonly used control
charts for variables:

x-chart or Mean chart


(Deals with a average value in a process)
R-chart or Range chart
(Takes into count the range of the values)
-chart or Standard Deviation chart
(Dispersion or variability of the product in
the process)
𝑋

𝑋- Chart is used for controlling


average quality of the product in
process.

A number of samples is drawn from the


process in production at a regular
interval of time and the mean computed
from such samples is used as the statistic
in control charts.
 R- chart is used for controlling the quality
dispersion or variability of the product in a
process.
 A number of samples is drawn from the
process in production at a regular intervals
of time and the range computed from such
samples is used as the statistic in the control
chart.
 It is easy to calculate.
 It provides a very good quality measures .
 The use of R-chart is recommended only
for relatively small sample sizes.
 For large sample sizes(n>=12), the  -
chart is used.
Standard deviation chart (σ – chart or ѕ- chart )
This chart is also used for controlling the quality of
dispersion or variability of the product in the
process.
But this chart is rarely used in statistical quality
control, as a range provides a very good statistic in
studying the pattern of dispersion or variation in
quality in most cases.
Standard deviation is considered to be the better
measure of dispersion or variability than range.
It is better to have a combination of control chart for
mean (𝑿) and standard deviation (σ or ѕ ) known as
(𝑿 and σ) – chart or (𝑋 and ѕ ) - chart.
 Theoretically σ- chart is more appropriate for controlling the
variability of the process.
 The difficulty of computing σ restricts its use in most industrial
work. In practice R- chart is more popular and widely used
mainly because of computational ease.
 Also for small samples ( which is generally the case in control
charts ) the range is sufficiently stable.
 The range and the standard deviation are likely to fluctuate
together, i.e,. if σ is small (large) R is also likely to be
small(large).
 Because of these reasons the control charts for 𝑿 and R are
used much more widely in practice than control charts for
𝑿and σ .

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