cs201223 Assignment 2

HTTP is the basic protocol used to transport data between a client and server over the internet. There are two types of HTTP connections: persistent and non-persistent. Web caching stores duplicate websites locally to improve performance by reducing requests to the origin server. Cookies are small text files stored on a user's machine that can store preferences and login data to personalize the user experience. DNS converts human-readable domain names into machine-readable IP addresses, allowing users to access websites. DNS queries can be iterative, where the client is redirected between servers, or recursive, where the initial server finds the response.

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cs201223 Assignment 2

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Sami ahmed

CS201219
6D

Question:1

explain what is HTTP? persistent and non-persistent http also elobrate the
architecture oh HTTP?

HTTP, or Hypertext send Protocol, is the basic protocol used to transport data
between a client and a server via the internet.
Due to the stateless nature of the protocol, each request made by a client to a

server stands apart from all other servers. HTTP is very effective since the
server does not need to keep track of the client's status.
There are two types of HTTP connections: persistent and non-persistent.
The client creates a brand-new non-persistent connection with the server for
each request.

Additional information regarding HTTP persistent connections is provided

below:
Connection pooling is a method that enables a client to utilise previously
established connections to the server. By lowering the number of times the
server must build and remove connections, this can further enhance
performance.

Keep-alive is a method that enables a client to maintain a connection with the

server for some time following the first request. As a result, the client may
send several requests over a single connection rather than having to establish
a new connection for each one.
Compared to non-persistent connections, HTTP persistent connections can
offer notable speed gains. They can, however, also add a layer of complexity
by requiring the management of connection pools and keep-alive timers.

Question 2

draw and explain web caching cookies and descirbe state of cookies, why
cookies used also explian why web caching used, assumptions and
consequences of web caching
Ans:
Web caching is a technique for keeping duplicates of websites in a local cache
so that users may access them more rapidly. By lowering the quantity of
requests need to be sent to the origin server, this can enhance performance.
Cookies are tiny text files that a web server stores on a user's machine.
They are able to be used to store user data such preferences, login status,
and browsing history. By personalising the user's experience and recollecting
their preferences, cookies may be used to enhance the user experience.
Additionally, they can be used to monitor a user's surfing habits and provide
them with advertisements.

Question 3

Explain what is DNS services of DNS and structure of DNS. Differentiate

between iterated and recursive DNS queries.

Ans

Human-readable domain names are converted into machine-readable IP

addresses via the Domain Name System (DNS). Through the use of domain
names rather than IP addresses, users are now able to access websites and
other resources.
Iterative and recursive DNS requests are the two primary forms.
The client computer sends a DNS query to a DNS server in an iterative query.
The requested data is then checked in the DNS server's own database.
The DNS server will send you to another DNS server if it does not have the
required data. The suggested DNS server will then receive the DNS query
from the client computer. This procedure keeps on until the client computer
locates a DNS server that contains the needed data.

The client computer sends a DNS query to a DNS server in a recursive query.
Afterward, the DNS server does a recursive search of its own database as
well as the databases of other DNS servers until it locates the requested data.
The client computer subsequently receives the required information from the
DNS server.
The DNS has a hierarchical structure. The DNS hierarchy is divided into three
primary levels: