Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems

LE 4123

Muhammad Naimul Hasan

Assist. Prof. Dept. LE, KUET.
Manufacturing
❖ Manufacturing:
❖ Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials,
components or parts into finished goods that meet a
customer's expectations, needs, demands or
specifications.

❖ A value-addition process.

❖ It is a series of interrelated activities.

e.g. Operations involving design, material selection, planning, production, quality
assurance, management, and marketing
Evolution of Technology
• Automation & computer application in manufacturing
• The use of computer methods to develop the model of the product in three dimensional
form, such that the geometric/mesh etc., and manufacturing requirements, products
performances & qualities can be examined.
Contd…
• Evolution of Technology
Mainframe

Workstation
1012

109
Volume (mm3)

106 Mini Laptop

computer
103
mm scale sensor
100 PC
10-1 Nano SIM
10-3 Smart
10-9 phone
10-12 Pico device

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2022 2030

Year
Production System
❖Simple Production System

Input Process Output

Typical Manufacturing Plant

Product
Design

Production Manufacturing
Consumer Business System Planning
Appeal Function (Final Facilities
Product)

Manufacturing
Control
Computer Ingression in Manufacturing
✔CAD - Computer aided design
✔CADD - Computer aided design and drafting
✔CAE - Computer aided engineering
✔CAM - Computer aided manufacturing
✔CAPP - Computer aided process planning
✔CATD - Computer aided tool design
✔CAP - Computer aided planning
✔CAQ – Computer aided quality assurance
✔CAT – Computer aided testing
Computer Ingression in Manufacturing
✔CNC - Computer numerical controlled machine tools

✔DNC - Direct numerical control machine tools

✔PLCs - Programmable logic controllers

✔Robotics
Computer Ingression in Manufacturing
Computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) Computer Aided Manufacturing &
Computer-aided innovation (CAI)
Information (CAMI)
Computer-aided industrial
Computer aided process planning
design (CAID)
Product lifecycle management (PLM) (CAPP)
Computer-aided requirements (CAR) Material requirements planning (MRP)
Computer-aided rule Computer aided quality assurance
definition (CARD) (CAQ)
Computer-aided rule Digital Manufacturing Unit (DMU)
execution (CARE) Manufacturing process planning
Component information system (CIS) system (MPPS)
Manufacturing process Electronic design automation (EDA)
management (MPM) Product data management (PDM)
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
⮚CIM is a combination/integration of different/multiple applications and technologies like
CAD, CAM, CAE, Robotics, manufacturing resource planning and enterprise
management solutions. It can also be considered as an integration of all enterprise operations
that work with a common data repository.

⮚CIM is the architecture for integrating the engineering, marketing and manufacturing
Quality
functions through information technologies.

⮚CIM involves the integration of all the business processes from supplier

to end consumer.

Cost Time
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
• History(Synopsized)
• DM (digital manufacturing):1970s Dr. Joseph Harrington (Mentor/guru)

• CIM (Computer-integrated manufacturing) began to develop 1984

Computer and Automated Systems Association and Society of Manufacturing Engineers (CASA/SME)

• Pioneer Germany and USA.

Components of CIM
CARD/CARE
CIS MPM

Design Develop
Conceive Manufacture
CAMI
Idea CAD CIM
Tool
PLM
Design CAPP

CAR Concept Design Detailed Component Engineering

Modeling Drawing MRP
Top down design
Bottom up CAQ
Product Layout Assembly
construction
Modeling
Requirements Analysis
DMU
CAE CMM
CAPS Validation
EDA MPPS
PDM
CIM Wheel
Categorization of CIMS
❖Common Classification
✔Discrete manufacturing,
✔Continuous manufacturing and
✔Hybrid manufacturing

❖ Again in architectural :
• Centralized
• Decentralized and
• Hybrid.
Advantages of CIM
❖Error Reduction

❖Speed

❖Flexibility
Advantages of CIM

❖Integration
Advantages of CIM
❖Increased productivity
❖High cost of labor could be avoided
❖Labor shortages could be substituted
❖Safe
❖Reduce cost of raw materials
❖Improved product quality & performance
❖Reduced manufacturing lead time
❖Reduction of in-process inventory
❖Information Management
CIM & Lead Time
❖Lead time measures how long it takes to complete a process from beginning to
end. In manufacturing, lead time often represents the time it takes to create a
product and deliver it to a consumer.
❖Lead time = pre-processing + processing + post-processing ,
where: Pre-processing is a time needed for, handling the order, making sales order,
and preparing supplies; Processing is a period .when you make or collect the order.

❖An operation on a product (or work part) takes place when it is at the production
machine. The non operation elements are the handling, storage, inspections, and
other sources of delay.
❖The manufacturing lead lime (MLT) is the total time required to process a given
product (or work part) through the plant or industry.
CIM & Lead Time
❖Let us use, T0 to denote the time per operation at a given machine or
workstation, there are Nm separate machines or operations through
which the product must be routed in order to be completely processed.
and Tno to represent the non operation time, Q is the units/quantity of
the product in the batch.
❖A setup procedure is generally required to prepare each production
machine for the particular product. The setup typically includes
arranging the workplace and installing the tooling and featuring
required for the product. Let this setup time be denoted as Tm. Tsu is
avg. set up time, then manufacturing lead time (MLT)
Contd.

Production rate: The production rate for an individual manufacturing process or

assembly operation is usually expressed as an hourly rate (e.g., units of product per
hour). The rate will be symbolized as Rp

Where TP is given by
Problems
• Exp-01.
• A certain customized leather goods industry is produced in a batch size of 50 units
of wallet and requires a sequence of eight operations in the plant. The average
setup time is 3.0 h, and the average operation time per machine is 6.0 min. The
average non operation time due to handling, delays, inspections, and so on, is 7.0
hr. compute how many days it will take to produce a batch of 50 wallet, assuming
that the plant operates on a 7-hr shift per day.
No. of operations, Nm = 08,
Production quantity, Q = 50,
Avg. set up time, Tsu = 3.0 h,
Avg. non operation time, Tno = 7.0 h
Time per operation, To = (6 x 50)/(60/50) = 0.1
hr.
Data flow in a CIM Based Leather Products Industry

Design
resources

Core
manufacturing
System (Centre Manufacturing
resources
Consumer data storage)

Products
Challenges for CIM implementation
✔Integration of components from different suppliers

✔Lack of skill manpower

✔ Data Integrity

✔ Process Control

✔Reworking

✔Initial high setup disbursement