Assessment Task 1 - Analysis of Different Text Types
Assessment Task 1 - Analysis of Different Text Types
TEXT 1
Read the following text and answer the questions.
Remember the scepticism last year when the United States banned most aerosol sprays
out of a can was jeopardizing the stratospheric ozone layer, which protects the earth from
excessive ultraviolet radiation. It was like finding out that eating candy causes earthquakes.
But now almost all experts agree that ozone-eating aerosol gases do indeed rise slowly
into the stratosphere, where sunlight breaks them down and releases chlorine that does in
fact erode the ozone layer. Even worse, the ozone seems to be eroding much faster than
originally believed. The threat has not been eliminated, only postponed, by the American
ban.
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There was once an old farmer who owned a very stubborn donkey. One evening, the
farmer was trying to put his donkey into its shed. The farmer pushed the donkey, but the
donkey would not move. Then the farmer pulled the donkey, but the donkey still would not
move ... as soon as the cat scratched the dog; the dog began to bark. The barking dog
frightened the donkey who jumped immediately into its shed.
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“Our society needs to be informed about these crimes, but when the images of the young
killers are broadcast on television, they become role models. The average child in America
watches 27 hours of television a week. The average child gets more one-on-one
communication from TV than from all her parents and teachers combined. The ultimate
achievement for our children is to get their picture on TV. The solution is simple, and it
comes straight out of the sociology literature: The media have every right and responsibility
to tell the story, but they must be persuaded not to glorify the killers by presenting their
images on TV.”
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The gardens of Lowfield Hall are overgrown now and weeds push their way up through the
gravel of the drive. One of the drawing-room windows, broken by a village boy, has been
boarded up, and wisteria, killed by summer drought, hangs above the front door like an old
dried net. There are six bedrooms in Lowfield Hall, a drawing room, a dining room, a
morning room, three bathrooms, a kitchen, and what are known as usual offices. In this
case, the usual offices were the back kitchen and the gun room. On that April morning the
house wasn’t exactly dirty, but it wasn’t clean either. There was a bluish film on all the
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Speech production is made possible by the specialised movements of our vocal organs
Like all sound production, speech production requires a source of energy. The source of
energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we
exhale. When we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To become audible, the air
stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate.
As we talk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream into
a series of puffs. These puffs are heard as a buzz. But this buzz is still not speech. To
produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. During speech we continually
alter the shape of the vocal tract by moving the tongue and lips, etc. These movements
change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sounds
of speech.
Adapted by Gerot & Wignell 1994 from Denes & Pinson 1963
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