NAME- Anubhuti Shaw & Sahin Maitra

ROLL NO.: 20AG011007 & 20AG011009

SUBJECT : ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND
DISASTER MANAGEMENT; ES – 360
TOPIC - CASE STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT MODEL ON SOLAR ENERGY

INTRODUCTION
Solar energy is environmentally friendly technology, a great Energy
supply and one of the most significant renewable and Green energy
sources. It plays a substantial role in achieving Sustainable development
energy solutions. Therefore, the massive Amount of solar energy
attainable daily makes it a very attractive Resource for generating
electricity. Both technologies, Applications of concentrated solar power
or solar photovoltaics, Are always under continuous development to
fulfil our energy Needs. Hence, a large installed capacity of solar energy
Applications worldwide, in the same context, supports the energy
Sector and meets the employment market to gain sufficient
Development. This paper highlights solar energy applications and Their
role in sustainable development and considers renewable Energy’s
overall employment potential. Thus, it provides insights And analysis on
solar energy sustainability, including Environmental and economic
development.
The history of solar energy can be traced back to the seventh century when
mirrors with solar power Were used. In 1893, the photovoltaic (PV) effect was
discovered; after many decades, scientists Developed this technology for
electricity generation .Based on that, after many years of research And
development from scientists worldwide, solar energy technology is classified into
two key Applications: solar thermal and solar PV.
In the low-carbon sustainable energy system required to provide access
to affordable and dependable Electricity, assisting in fulfilling the Paris
climate agreement and in achieving the 2030 SDG targets. The installed
capacity of solar energy worldwide has been rapidly increased to meet
energy demands. The installed capacity of PV technology from 2010 to
2020 increased from 40 334 to 709 674 MW, Whereas the installed
capacity of concentrated solar power (CSP) applications, which was
1266 MW in 2010, after 10 years had increased to 6479 MW. Therefore,
solar PV technology has more deployed Installations than CSP
applications. So, the stand-alone solar PV and large-scale grid-
connected PV Plants are widely used worldwide and used in space
applications.
APPLICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY:
Energy can be obtained directly from the Sun—so-called solar energy.
Globally, there has been growth in solar Energy applications, as it can be
used to generate electricity, desalinate water and generate heat, etc.
Solar cells Are devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity;
typical semiconductor materials are utilized to form a PV solar cell
device. These materials’ characteristics are based on atoms with four
electrons in their outer orbit Or shell. Semiconductor materials are from
the periodic table’s group ‘IV’ or a mixture of groups ‘IV’ and ‘II’, The
latter known as ‘II–VI’ semiconductors . Additionally, a periodic table
mixture of elements from groups ‘III’ And ‘V’ can create ‘III–V’
materials.Solar PV systems can be incorporated to supply electricity on
a commercial level or installed in smaller clusters For mini-grids or
individual usage. Utilizing PV modules to power mini-grids is a great way
to offer electricity to Those who do not live close to power-transmission
lines, especially in developing countries with abundant solar Energy
resources. In the most recent decade, the cost of producing PV modules
has dropped drastically, giving Them not only accessibility but
sometimes making them the least expensive energy form. PV arrays
have a 30-Year lifetime and come in various shades based on the type of
material utilized in their production.

THE ROLE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable energy development is defined as the development of the

energy sector in terms of energy Generating, distributing and utilizing
that are based on sustainability rules. Energy systems will Significantly
impact the environment in both developed and developing countries.
Consequently, the Global sustainable energy system must optimize
efficiency and reduce emissions.The sustainable development scenario
is built based on the economic perspective. It also examines What
activities will be required to meet shared long-term climate benefits,
clean air and energy access Targets. The short-term details are based on
the IEA’s sustainable recovery strategy, which aims to Promote
economies and employment through developing a cleaner and more
reliable energy Infrastructure. In addition, sustainable development
includes utilizing renewable-energy Applications, smart-grid
technologies, energy security, and energy pricing, and having a sound
energy Policy.

BENEFITS OF SOLAR ENERGY TO THE

ENVIRONMENT
1.Renewable Energy Source: Solar energy is a renewable source of
energy, which means it can naturally regenerate itself and can be Used
over and over again with minimum environmental impact. The sun’s
rays strike the earth’s Surface and are absorbed by plants, animals,
water, and solar panels as well. When solar panels absorb Energy from
the sun, they convert it to electricity or hot water (depending on the
type of panel). This Clean energy can then be used straight away to
power human activities or stored to be used later on.
2.It Reduces Reliance On Fossil Fuels: The extraction of fossil fuels is a
major contributor to human-induced climate change, as well as having
Many harmful side effects on the environment. Solar energy is
renewable and cleaner than fossil fuels, Which means it’s helping to
reduce these issues. In fact, once produced and installed, solar panels
Reduce your reliance on fossil fuels by generating electricity
withoutburning anything at all!Even if the Production of solar panels
requires a lot of energy and materials, they don’t pollute the
environment After their installation. Moreover, the pollution generated
during the entire lifecycle of solar panels is Significantly lower
compared to fossil fuels.Solar energy also has great potential for helping
us live Better lives while reducing our dependence on foreign oil
supplies, and that’s something we can all Agree with.
3.Solar Panels Can Be Recycled: You may have heard that solar panels
are made from a variety of materials, including silicon and silver. These
materials can be recycled at the end of their useful life, that is about 30
years.Solar panel Recycling companies collect used solar cells which are
made up of semiconductors and other parts. Then they send them to be
reprocessed into new solar cells for use in new products like electronic
Devices or building insulation. This means that also solar panels can
benefit from the advantages of Recycling.

Socio-Economic Benefits of Solar Energy

1.Job Creation: The solar energy sector provides jobs across industries –
manufacturing, Installation, engineering, sales, logistics, etc. These
companies exist in large and small communities. Renewable energy
installation projects almost always utilize local labor, which means more
Employment opportunities for locals, impacting rural and urban
communities alike.
2.High Return on Investment – Solar panels may require an out-of-
pocket expense upfront, But it’s an investment that yields immediate
returns. This theory applies to people offsetting current Monthly utility
bills, avoiding alternatives for things like lighting and cooking that don’t
use traditional Electricity, and bypassing expensive utility grid
connections if utility power is not readily available.
3.Regional Development : Solar energy is scalable in areas with minimal
or no access to Electricity. In remote areas not connected to the utility
grid, the introduction of solar power has opened Doors for
development projects that improve human welfare and a general
standard of living, such as Educational and medical facilities.

CONCLUSION

Solar energy is a blessing from the sky that can help us transform urban
life and make more sustainable Houses and families. The systems
mentioned here are the main principles behind our use of solar Energy
and they are being worked on and transformed every day so we can use
the power of the sun to Its full potential.Solar energy is the future of
the next generation. It is a safer, greener, and economical Way of living
life. It can be replenished and is a renewable source of energy which
causes no pollution .In the atmosphere. Solar energy also puts less
burden on the other forms of non-renewable resources And protects
the earth from various types of pollutions. As much as possible, we
should all switch to Using appliances based on solar power and save our
planet earth.Solar energy is an important source of Energy.
Advancements in technology has led to innovations of applications of
solar energy that are of Great help to human beings. It has been a great
era of modern society whereby solar energy has been Appreciated
through its applications. The uses of solar energy are similar to those of
other sources of Energy. Everything has its pros and cons and solar
energy is no different. The pros of solar energy Outweigh the cons and
that is why its use has been maintained over the years. However, the
limitations Of solar energy should not be ignored. These limitations are
somehow disrupting the expansion of solar Energy use in the world. It is
important that solar energy is used widely as a form of energy because
of Its environmental-friendly characteristic. Other forms of energy
especially fuels highly pollute the Environment. Not only does saving
the environment a priority in using solar energy but also the fact That
solar energy is free, renewable and inexhaustible.
TOPIC: CASE STUDY ON ANY ONE HEALTH
ISSUES RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE
 INTRODUCTION: Climate change refers to long-term shifts in
temperatures and weather patterns. Such shifts Can be natural, due to
changes in the sun’s activity or large volcanic eruptions. But since The
1800s, human activities have been the main driver of climate change,
primarily due to The burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas.Burning
fossil fuels generates greenhouse Gas emissions that act like a blanket
wrapped around the Earth, trapping the sun’s heat and Raising
temperatures. The main greenhouse gases that are causing climate
change include Carbon dioxide and methane. These come from using
gasoline for driving a car or coal for Heating a building, for example.
Clearing land and cutting down forests can also release Carbon dioxide.
Agriculture, oil and gas operations are major sources of methane
Emissions. Energy, industry, transport, buildings, agriculture and land
use are among the Main sectors causing greenhouse gases. The
consequences of climate change now include, Among others, intense
droughts, water scarcity, severe fires, rising sea levels, flooding, Melting
polar ice, catastrophic storms and declining biodiversity.

Human Health Impacts of Climate Change:

 Increases in precipitation, storm surge, and sea temperature can
lead to more water Related illnesses.
 Climate change can also affect food safety, exposing people to
contaminated foods That can result in foodborne illnesses.
 Climate change can affect human health by changing the severity,
duration, or frequency of Health problems and by creating
 unprecedented or unanticipated health problems or health
Threats in places or populations where they have not previously
occurred.
 Changes in temperature and rainfall can alter the survival,
distribution, and Behaviour of insects and other species that can
lead to changes in infectious Diseases .
 The effects of climate change can also indirectly affect health
through alterations to The environment. For example, worsening
air pollution levels can have negative Impacts on respiratory and
cardiovascular conditions.
RESPIRATORY PROBLEMS DUE TO CLIMATE
CHANGE:
Research shows that air pollution can worsen asthma symptoms. A
study of young campers with moderate to severe asthma showed they
were 40 percent more likely to have acute asthma episodes on high
pollution summer days than on days with average pollution levels.
Another study found that older adults were more likely to visit the
emergency room for breathing problems when summer air pollution
was high.

CAUSES: Air pollution exposure is associated with

increased asthma and allergy morbidity and is a
suspected contributor to the increasing prevalence of
allergic conditions. Observational studies continue to
strengthen the association between air pollution and
allergic respiratory disease, whereas recent mechanistic
studies have defined the prominent role of oxidative
stress in the proallergic immunologic effects of
particulate and gaseous pollutants. The identification of
common genetic polymorphisms in key cytoprotective
responses to oxidative stress has highlighted the
importance of individual host susceptibility to pollutant-
induced inflammation.
SYMPTOMS: Cough: can occur at night, during exercise, can be
chronic, dry, with phlegm, mild, or severe Respiratory: difficulty
breathing, wheezing, breathing through the mouth, fast breathing,
frequent respiratory infections, rapid breathing, or shortness of breath
at night Also common: chest pressure, flare, anxiety, early awakening,
fast heart rate, or throat irritation.

CONCLUSION:

Although it is unequivocal that climate change affects human health,

it remains Challenging to accurately estimate the scale and impact of
many climate-Sensitive health risks. However, scientific advances
progressively allow us to Attribute an increase in morbidity and
mortality to human-induced warming, and More accurately determine
the risks and scale of these health threats.In the Short- to medium-
term, the health impacts of climate change will be determined Mainly
by the vulnerability of populations, their resilience to the current rate of
Climate change and the extent and pace of adaptation. In the longer-
term, the Effects will increasingly depend on the extent to which
transformational action Is taken now to reduce emissions and avoid the
breaching of dangerous Temperature thresholds and potential
irreversible tipping points.
ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN
HEALTH

Technology in the fields of environment

education and human health as compared to other respective areas
such
as business, economics or culture and politics, provides a hand in
improving the status. With the growth of internet and technology,
geographic information and data gets transmitted generating a higher
affluence of the updated information on several aspects of environment
and human health. As several software created for environment and
human health studies are available in the market, it makes it friendly for
users and helps them learn each subject with ease. IT facilitates health
care providers to collect, store, retrieve and transfer information
electronically. Information technology presents numerous opportunities
for improving and transforming healthcare which includes; reducing
human errors, improving clinical outcomes, facilitating care
coordination, improving practice efficiencies, and tracking data over
time. Similarly Information technology helps in storing huge amounts of
data captured while studying weather and climate, it helps researchers
in
analysing the data and to carry out research in the field of environment.
Information Technology in the fields of environment
education and human health as compared to other respective areas
such
as business, economics or culture and politics, provides a hand in
improving the status. With the growth of internet and technology,
geographic information and data gets transmitted generating a higher
affluence of the updated information on several aspects of environment
and human health. As several software created for environment and
human health studies are available in the market, it makes it friendly for
users and helps them learn each subject with ease. IT facilitates health
care providers to collect, store, retrieve and transfer information
electronically. Information technology presents numerous opportunities
for improving and transforming healthcare which includes; reducing
human errors, improving clinical outcomes, facilitating care
coordination, improving practice efficiencies, and tracking data over
time. Similarly Information technology helps in storing huge amounts of
data captured while studying weather and climate, it helps researchers
analysing the data and to carry out research in the field of environment.
ion Role of IT in Environment
Here are some important roles of IT in the space of environment studies
and human health.
Remote Sensing
A satellite-based technique used to assess the ongoing changes in the
environment is called Remote
Sensing. It helps in predicting natural calamities such as droughts,
floods, cyclone or volcanic eruptions
etc. The Remote Sensing technique can also be used in exploring the
availability of crude oils, mineral
deposits and the location of geothermal power sources.
Compiling Database
Database refers to a collection of inter-related data on various subjects.
While it is stored on a
computer, it can be readily retrieved whenever required. In the United
States, there are several
Distribution Information Centers (DICs) which are linked to each other
having a central information
network accessible to international database as well. Coming to
comprehensive database, it includes
topics like wildlife, forest cover, conservation as well as diseases such as
malaria, fluorosis, HIV,
AIDS etc.
Geographical Information System (GIS)
Proved to be a very effective tool in the assessment of environment
changes, GIS is technique that
imposes thematic maps using digital data on a large number of inter-
related or inter-defendant aspects.
Thematic maps can contain data on aspects like water resources, forest
land, soil type, crop land,
industrial growth, human settlement etc. in a layered form using
computer software. Application–
Useful for Land Use Planning ; Interprets polluted zones & degraded
lands ; Provides information on
atmosphere changes such as monsoon, ozone layer depletion, smog
and inversion phenomenon ; Plans
for locating areas for industrial growth using Zoning Atlas ; With the
help of Remote Sensing, assesses
resources, environment conservation and impact.

National Management Information System (NMIS)

It is a part of the department of Science and Technology which has a
compilation of database on
projects based on Research and Development including information
about research scientists and
personnel involved.
Environment Information System (ENVIS)
ENVIS aims at providing environmental information to policy makers,
engineers and scientists across
the world in order to generate a network database to examine areas
such as pollution control, clean
technologies, biodiversity, renewable resources, wildlife, environmental
management and remote
sensing technology.
Objectives of ENVIS
● Building a repository and dissemination center in Environmental
Science & Engineering.
● Enhancing modern technologies of processing, storage, acquiring,
retrieval and dissemination of
environmental information
● Promoting research, development and innovation in environmental
information technology
●Providing national environment information in order to fulfil the
future needs

Role of IT in Human Health

While information technology plays a huge role in human health areas
such as bioinformatics, genome
sequencing, biotechnology, gene engineering, maintaining DTA
databases and online medical
transcription in order to enhance the space of human health. It also
works towards identifying several
diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis, HIV and more. Understanding
Bioinformatics helps in curing
severe diseases such as osteoporosis and also helps in Human Genome
Project by developing a
computer program which focuses on genome sequencing. The aim of
this project is to create maps of
the entire set of genes in the human cell by decoding almost 3 billion
units of human DNA. This is the
power of information technology in the sector of human health.
Online Health-Related Information
The online information portal works as a vast quantum of information
related to human health and
environment subjects. If a patient wants to self-analyze himself, they
can do it. If they wish to consult a
doctor, they can also book a consultation online. OSHA provides an
online portal for employees to
seek information on hazardous and non-hazardous activities at the
workplace to make the employees
aware and also provides safety measures to follow. United States based
company, M-Square, recently
started Home Medical Transcription System called HomeTrans, which
allows the patient to seek online
medical service sitting at home. Any person with a computer, phone,
helpline number, voice script
software or internet can operate medical transcription.
World Wide Web
With unlimited accessible data available on the world wide web (www),
it has now become one of the
largest online learning centers to read, understand, learn and act upon
using this power web which aims
at providing current information on areas related to human health and
environment science. It has made
available several activities, digital files, photos, web-exercises,
presentations, and quizzes related to the
above-mentioned areas which results in helping today’s students,
teachers as well as professionals
working in these fields to pursue environmental and health studies.

CONCLUSION

Information Technology is rapidly growing in every sector of

development especially in the Environment and Human Health space
with increasing applications and providing new avenues with an
effective role in education, management and planning in these
fields.Health information technology includes various technologies that
span from simple charting, to more advanced decision support and
integration with medical technology. Health information technology
presents numerous opportunities for improving and transforming
healthcare which includes; reducing human errors, improving clinical
outcomes, facilitating care coordination, improving practice
efficiencies, and tracking data over time.

National Management Information System (NMIS)

It is a part of the department of Science and Technology which has a
Information Technology is rapidly growing in every sector of
development especially in the Environment and Human Health space
with increasing applications and providing new avenues with an
effective role in education, management and planning in these
fields.Health information technology includes various technologies that
span from simple charting, to more advanced decision support and
integration with medical technology. Health information technology
presents numerous opportunities for improving and transforming
healthcare which includes; reducing human errors, improving clinical
outcomes, facilitating care coordination, improving practice
efficiencies, and tracking data over time.ilation of database on
projects based on Research and Development including information
about research scientists and
personnel involved.
Environment Information System (ENVIS)
ENVIS aims at providing environmental information to policy makers,
engineers and scientists across
the world in order to generate a network database to examine areas
such as pollution control, clean
technologies, biodiversity, renewable resources, wildlife, environmental
management and remote
sensing technology.
Objectives of ENVIS
● Building a repository and dissemination center in Environmental
Science & Engineering.
● Enhancing modern technologies of processing, storage, acquiring,
retrieval and dissemination of
environmental information
● Promoting research, development and innovation in environmental
information technology
●Providing national environment information in order to fulfil the
future needs
friendly for
users and helps them learn each subject with ease. IT facilitates health
care providers to collect, store, retrieve and transfer information
electronically. Information technology presents numerous opportunities
for improving and transforming healthcare which includes; reducing
human errors, improving clinical outcomes, facilitating care
coordination, improving practice efficiencies, and tracking data over
time. Similarly Information technology helps in storing huge amounts of
data captured while studying weather and climate, it helps researchers
in
analysing the data and to carry out research in the field of environment.

Information Technology in the fields of environment

education and human health as compared to other respective areas
such
as business, economics or culture and politics, provides a hand in
improving the status. With the growth of internet and technology,
geographic information and data gets transmitted generating a higher
affluence of the updated information on several aspects of environment
and human health. As several software created for environment and
human health studies are available in the market, it makes it friendly for
users and helps them learn each subject with ease. IT facilitates health
care providers to collect, store, retrieve and transfer information
electronically. Information technology presents numerous opportunities
for improving and transforming healthcare which includes; reducing
human errors, improving clinical outcomes, facilitating care
coordination, improving practice efficiencies, and tracking data over
time. Similarly Information technology helps in storing huge amounts of
data captured while studying weather and climate, it helps researchers
in
analysing the data and to carry out research in the field of environment.
Information Technology in the fields of environment
education and human health as compared to other respective areas
such
as business, economics or culture and politics, provides a hand in
improving the status. With the growth of internet and technology,
geographic information and data gets transmitted generating a higher
affluence of the updated information on several aspects of environment
and human health. As several software created for environment and
human health studies are available in the market, it makes it friendly for
users and helps them learn each subject with ease. IT facilitates health
care providers to collect, store, retrieve and transfer information
electronically. Information technology presents numerous opportunities
for improving and transforming healthcare which includes; reducing
human errors, improving clinical outcomes, facilitating care
coordination, improving practice efficiencies, and tracking data over
time. Similarly Information technology helps in storing huge amounts of
data captured while studying weather and climate, it helps researchers
in
analysing the data and to carry out research in the field of environment.

Information Technology in the fields of environment

education and human health as compared to other respective areas
such
as business, economics or culture and politics, provides a hand in
improving the status. With the growth of internet and technology,
geographic information and data gets transmitted generating a higher
affluence of the updated information on several aspects of environment
and human health. As several software created for environment and
human health studies are available in the market, it makes it friendly for
users and helps them learn each subject with ease. IT facilitates health
care providers to collect, store, retrieve and transfer information
electronically. Information technology presents numerous opportunities
for improving and transforming healthcare which includes; reducing
human errors, improving clinical outcomes, facilitating care
coordination, improving practice efficiencies, and tracking data over
time. Similarly Information technology helps in storing huge amounts of
data captured while studying weather and climate, it helps researchers
in
analysing the data and to carry out research in the field of environment.