Fonética y Fonologia Inglesa | Profesorado de Inglés Prof Manvel A Cazora G 12 BA D)L4) SOUNDS and SPELLING: /2/ Look at ‘some diferent spellings of the sound. Then listen and repeat the sound and words /a/ teacher, an actor, acamere, England, information B Complete the words. Then circle the /2/ sound in ‘each word. 1 wait__,doct_,stud_nt, sing _ 2 J__pan,Chin__, Pol_nd, Br_zil 3 list__n, answ__,op_n, numb_ 4 Mexic_nItali__n, Argentini_n, Russ_n B Complete the words. Write two letters in each word. Jef Je /a/ numbers | t_ ght [f_e jobs | __gineer |w_ter | taxidr_er countries|M__ico | Aust__lia_|Cch_a 3a ©)23- sounps and SPELLING: /1/ /i:/ Look at some different spellings of the sounds. Then listen ‘and repeat the sounds and words. ‘/A/ fifty, fish, visit, eleven, English, business, gym /is/ thirteen, he, E, please, evening, pizza, people 3.1 1A ©)31 wor stREss Listen and write the words in the correct group in the table. cities countries buildings newspapers managers computers addresses buses restaurants nurses assistants credit cards ‘200 (000 44 D316) sounps and SPELLING: /u:/ /e/ /3:/ Look at some different spellings of the sounds. Then listen and repeat the sounds and words. /u:/ you, shoes, blue, two, too, the UK /e2/ hat, jacket, black, camera, taxi, bag /s:/ purple, Turkey, nurse, T-shirt, skirt, girl speakOut PRONUNCIATION TIP Look at these words: computer, music, new. Here we pronounce ‘u’ or ew’ as /jui/. B D)37 _Usten and complete the words. Then circle ‘sx, // oF /23/ in each word, Which words have the ‘/ju/ sound? 1 /an/ aftern__n,gr_p, _niversity,n_spaper 2 /ee/ h__ppy, _ngry,c_mera,f__mily 3 /si/ s_name,G_many, th_sty,f__st speakOUut PRONUNCIATION TIP When we speak fast, we stress some words and some words are weak. The weak words often have the sound /9/, Where are you from? a tea and a cake Pf Al fande/ 1 atea and a coffee 4 acoffee anda cola 4.1 2 ateaanda sandwich § acola anda cake 3 acoffee and a sandwich 6 a cake and a mineral water La B)41) weak anp STRONG FORMS: do/don’t 61309" srness and WEAK FORMS: ordering Lsten and complete the ordersin aca 1 Gan! havea please? 2 Ganthave please? 3 Gant have ‘one, please? 4% Gnthave 1 please? 5 Gant have one of please? 6 Ganihave of please? B Circe ine weak forms with /o/in the sentences in Exercise 6A. Then listen and check. Read and listen to the conversation and look at the stressed words. Then underline the correct alternative in sentences 1-3. ‘A: Do you live here in Paris? /d2/ B: Yes, Ido. And you? Jdu:/ ‘A: No, | don’t. | don’t like cities. /daunt//daunt/ 2023Fonética y Fonologia Inglesa | w Profesorado de inglés Prof Manuel A. Cazorla B Complete the words. Write two letters in each word. 6.1 Tk A/ 1as/ 1 BDE1) sounps and SPELLING: /e/ Look at some different spellings of the sound. Then listen ee eee ees and repeat the sound and words. SS /ea/ there, where, chair, work in pats, their, clothes [st | __asses | __ chet parents, Mary, they're Ce eee speakGut PRONUNCIATION Ti = Some sounds in English are two sounds together, — Practise the two sounds and then say them together. C Circle the sounds /k/, /g/ and /d/ in the words fe/ + /2/ = /ea/, eg, chair above. Jel + /i/= /ei/, 0.8 cake dre! + h/ = /au).e8. time B Complete the conversations with the words it Conversation 2 the box. ‘A; Work alone or work in® . are three of us. there's Mary where parents their pairs es ween fon wees B [A: Then workin a three. - Conversation 3 Conversation 1 A and Pat are sisters. A:\___amouseover*§__ B: Are they from the USA? Be ALNo,® British but ® A: On the ! " are American, 6.3 40 D165 sounps and SPELLING: /2/ /a:/ Look at some different spellings of the sounds. Then listen and fu ila a m1 2 D1 worD stress: months Write the months lof the year in the correct group inthe table. Listen and check. Then listen again and repeat. ° 00 00 000 000 2023Fonética y Fonologia Inglesa | Profesorado de Inglés Prof Manvel A Cazora 44 B74 sounps:-ed endings Listen and number the sentences in each pair in the order you hear them. Then listen again and repeat. 1 a) | start at nine. b) I started at nine. 2 a) We finish at five. b) We finished at five. 1 a 2 72° sounps and sPELLING: /@/ Listen and 3 D)73") SENTENCE STRESS and LINKING: dates write the numbers, Then listen again and repeat. Listen and underline the stressed syllables. Then at dst h mark the links between words. ae ho 6t h 1. the first_of December 3e ho7t 2 the second of May at h Bt 3 the fifth of April 4 the seventh of August 5 the twenty-third of October 1.2 3 a) They live in Italy. b) They lived in Italy. 4 a) The bus stops here. b) The bus stopped here. 5 a) She wants two rooms. b) She wanted two rooms. 6 a) He plays a lot of golf. b) He played a lot of golf. 5A D)75 © sounps and SPELLING: /w/ /v/ Lookat some different spellings of the sounds. Then listen and repeat the sounds and words. /wv/ worked, was, were, with, always, what, white /v/ leave, drive, very, never, festival, village, gloves sspeakOut PRONUNCIATION TIP ‘Some common words have ‘w’ in the spelling but we. don't pronounce it, e.g. two /tuz/, who /hu:/, write ‘/ratt/ and answer /a:nsa/. Some words don't have ‘Win the spelling but we pronounce it, eg. one /wan/ and we pronounce most words wth ‘qu’ as /kew/, e.g question. 1B BLT6 complete the words. Write two letters in ‘each word Listen and check Then listen again and repeat. aw WL pastverbs | _tched | arr_ed —thed tra__lled numbers t__lve fi t__aty el__en times, __dnesday ery day __ekend ember food and drink |s__ets __getables Ter cup tea 8.1 1. D181) souns and SPELLING: /u/ /2:/ Look at some different spellings of the sounds, Then listen and repeat the sounds and words. ‘/of put, full, sugar, football, took, book /3%/ forty, door, your, thought, ball BB Circe six /u/ sounds and underline seven /3:/ sounds in the sentences. 1 Mylittle daughter IoGked atthe water 2 My mother was @ good cook 3 thought | sawa woman 4 They pushed and pulled but the door didnt open. 5 Itsquarterto four 3a B84 sounps: /j/ Look at some different spellings of the sound. Then listen and repeat the sound and words. /i/ you, music university, new, Tuesday, WWW B Look at the table. Start at yesterday’ and go to ‘www’. Choose only words with the sound /j/. Go up, down, left or right. yesterday [country [year wow yellow | July euro very theuK [young [usually | try holiday | party sixty your 2023Fonética y Fonologia Inglesa | Profesorado de Inglés Prof Manvel A Cazora o /p/ piano, people, power tool, map, type, opposite stopped /b/ buy, busy, job, motorbike, website, Arabic, cabbage /1/ full fire, furniture, soft, smartphone, coffee /V/ visit, visa, vegetable, every day, arrive, of 10.2 3. D105) worn stress: life changes Listen and write a stress pattern from the box next to each phrase. Do not use one pattern. 00 0 000 000 0000 get fit get organised ‘work less relax more stop smoking save money lose weight change jobs 44 ©)107 SENTENCE STRESS: be going to Listen to the conversations and underline three or four stressed words in each line. Conversation 1 ‘A: What are you going to do today? What are you going to do? B: We're going to visit Liverpool. We're going to see the zoo. Conversation 2 A: Who are you going to see today? Who are you going to see? B: I'm going to see my friend in town. Her name is Anna Lee. Conversation 3 A: Where's he going to be tonight? Where's he going to be? He's going to visit his parents. They're going to watch TV. 1.2 ‘BA SYLLABLES and SOUNDS: plurals Write the plurals of the words in the circles. ay aN Le ee hey watch / passport magazine |( purse} ticket} earphone toothbrush stamp} tissue diary sweet BB)15 - Listento the plurals. How many syllables are in each word? Write 1,2 or 3 next to the words. keys 1 Listen again. Match the plural endings /s/ sit, /a/ 200 and /sz/ his with groups A, Band Cin Exercise 38, Write the sound in the del. 4A 116 | sounps and SPELLING: /1/ /ix/ /e/ /ev Read the Pronunciation tp. Then look at some different spellings of the sounds. Listen and repeat the sounds and words. speakGut PRONUNCIATION TIP Phonemics are useful in English. They are good when: ~ the spelling and sounds are different, eg. watches /t2/. = two, three or more letters are only one sound. For example, in sweater we pronounce ‘ea’ as /e/. ‘/A/it,isn't, things, Italy, this, English, eleven /ix/_ green, repeat, these, we, key, magazine, people /e/ yellow, pen, red, twenty, friend sweater, again /ei/ name, page, Spain, they, say, favourite, eight BB)17 Lookat the conversations and find three examples of each sound in Exercise 4A, Then listen and repeat. Conversation 1 A: Aticket for the Brazil-England game, please. B: That's eighty euros. A: Thanks. Conversation 2 A: Meet my friend, Jenny. B: Hello. Are you from the UK? C: No, 'm Chinese. 2023Fonética y Fonologia Inglesa | OU Profesorado de inglés Prof Manuel A. Cazorla Voiced and voiceless sounds ‘Some consonant sounds are voiced (e.g. /b/ and /2/), and some are voiceless and /s/). For voiced consonants the vocal folds (in your larynx) sounds there is no vibration. Some consonant sounds exist in ‘voiced and voiceless pairs (eg. /4/ and /d/ are a pair. This means you do exactly the same thing with your mouth for both sounds, but just add or remove voicing in the larynx. For more explanation of this, turn back to page 7) We cover the identical voiced/voiceless pairs of sounds in the same units. So a sound like /1/ (no), which has no voiceless partner, has a unit to itself But a pair of sounds like /t/ and /d/ {to/do), which are voiced/voiceless partners, are both covered in the same unit Making the sound To make each consonant sound, you need to know: © Where in the mouth the airflow is obstructed. © How much of an obstruction is made to the airflow © Whether the sound is voiced or voiceless Ifyou get these three things right, you will produce the right sound. So let's get started! 2023Profesorado de inglés Prof Manuel A. Cazorla Fonética y Fonologia Inglesa | OU B 1 Thereis too much cheap cheese in the kitchen, 2 The German judge made the arrangements on the edge of his seat. 3 Ineeda change, or perhaps | just need to imagine a new challenge for the future. © 1 Cheap cheese tastes like chalk. 2._Jolly jugglers juggling jugs of orange juice. SHINE & TREASURE _jz/tucosure Make the sounds ®) 1 Make /s/ sound, as in ‘soon’ (see page 28) 8¥ 2. Slightly round your lips 3. Slowly slide your tongue backwards, nto your mouth, just a litle! 5 The sound you produce can be voiced /3/ or voiceless // (see page 15) When do I use this sound? voiceless sh show, fashior often voiceless 5 suger sometimes voiceless ss issue sometimes, voiceless [w information sometimes voiceless ¢ oc sometimes voiced 5 measure leisure | sometimes A 1 shoe she press potential mesh push 2 measure Illusion explosion vision closure Asia B 1 Onthat occasion, she was in a rush to push her way into the shop, 2. Should we put pressure on the politician to find a solution to the situation? 3 Affection and emotion can't be measured, but they should be treasured. © 1 She sells seashells on the seashore, 2__ Measure huge shiny treasures. 2023Profesorado de inglés Prof Manuel A. Cazorla Fonética y Fonologia Inglesa | UO Describing the twenty — four consonants All consonants (with the exceptions of /w/ and /j/) involve a restriction to the outflow of air, and it is the precise place and manner of this restriction that gives each consonant its unique sound. We can describe the uniqueness of each consonant quite well using these three variables: 1 voiced or unvoiced; 2. place of articulation (wherethe sound is produced in the vocal tract); 3 manner of articulation (how the sound is produced in the vocal tract), Here are a few words about these three variables: Variable 1: voiced or unvoiced A sound is said to be voiced if it requires the vocal cords to vibrate, and unvoiced if it does not. In English the voiced/unvoiced distinction tends to coincide with gentle and strong aspiration (also referred to as lenis and fortis). This means that voiced consonants may be uttered with weaker breath force, while unvoiced consonants may be uttered with stronger breath force. (This is partly because voiced sounds take energy from the breath in order to drive the larynx, and partly because unvoiced sounds need to compensate for their lack of voice with force and clarity in their articulation.) Variable 2: place of articulation The place in the vocal tract where the physical restriction or block to the air flow takes place is referted to as place of articulation, ie where the characteristic component sounds of that consonant are initiated. Variable 3: manner of articulation ‘The nature of the physical restriction to the air flow is referred to as manner of articulation, ie how the characteristic component sounds of that consonant are initiated. By combining these three variables we arrive at a practical working description of how each consonant is produced, And since the consonants are arranged on the phonemic chart according to these three variables, understanding the layout will give you a useful grasp of how the consonants are made and how they can be altered 2023