| unit17 The Web | Ta typical web page We ageP vas Fev ort : ee Ascreensho A Look at the sa ofaty a ee ee net Explorer 7, a leading web browser. B Read the text and label the features on the screenshot with the terms in bold. Atypical web page At the top ofthe page is the URL address. URL means Uniform Resource Locator ~ the address ofa file on the Internet. A typical URL looks lke this http/wwwbbc.co.ul/tadio/. in this URL, http// means Hypertext Transfer Protocol and tells the program to look for a web page. www means world wide web. bbc.couk is the domain name of the server that hosts the website - a company based in the UK; other top-level domains are.com (commercial sit), edu (education), org (organization) or ret (network); radio is the directory path where the web page is located. The parts of the URL are separated by (dot, / (slash) and : (colon). Some sites begin ov, a file transfer protocol used to copy files from one computer to another. The toolbar shows all the navigation icons, which let you go back one page or go forward one page. You can also go to the home page or stop the current transfer when the circuits are busy Tab buttons let you view different sites at the same time, and the built-in search box helps you look for information. f the feed button lights up, it means the site offers RSS feeds, $o you can automatically receive updates, When a web page won't load, you can refresh the current page, meaning the page reloads (downloads again). Ifyou want to mark a website address so that you can easily revisit the page at a later time, you can add it to your favourites (favorites in American English), or bookmark it. When you want to visit it again you simply click show favourites. On the web page itself, most sites feature clickable image links and clickable hypertext links. Together, these are known as hyperlinks and take you to other web pages when clicked. BSS Listen to {o,three internet addresses and write them down. te. oa. cambria o" . Bifall k a" 3 bp: ww. bee tanien. com/ler’ ago2 The collectives of cyberspace A Read the article and find websites for the following tasks. 1. to search for information on the Web to buy books and DVDs @mnaOw, to participate in political ae Stove In. “9 toview and exchange video clips Mw Be. Baechocr, Flee r tomanage and share personal photos using tags My ¥Pm-e2 7 Z to buy and sell personal items in online auctions F baa to download music and movies, sometimes illegally jay Torrent: Noausun Tour the Collectives of Cyberspace The Internet isnt just about email or the Web anymore. Increasingly, people online are taking the power of the Internet back into their own hands.They're posting opinions on online journals — weblogs, or blogs: they're organizing political rallies on MoveOn.org they/re trading songs on ilegal file-sharing networks: they're volunteering articles for the online encyclopedia Wikipedia: and they're collaborating with other programmers around the world. t's the ernengence of the Power of Us: Thanks to new technologies such as blog software, peer-to-peer networks, open-source software, and wikis, people are getting together to take collective action lke never before, Bay, for instance, wouldn't exist without the 61 milion active members who list, sel, and buy millions of items a week. But less obvious is that ‘the whole marketplace runs on the trust created by eBays unique feedback system, by which buyers and sellers rate each other on how well ‘they carried out their half of each transaction. Pioneer e-tailer Amazon encourages all kinds of customer participation in the site ~ including the ability to sell items alongside its own books, CDs, DVDs and electronic goods, MySpace and Facebook are the latest phenomena in social networking attracting millions of unique visitors a month. Many are music fans, who can blog, email friends, upload photos, and generally socialize. There's even a 3-D virtual world entirely buitt and owned by its residents, called Second Life, where real companies have opened shops. and pop stars such as U2 have performed concerts. Some sites are much more specialized, such as the photo-sharing site Flickr. There, people not only share photos but also take the time to attach togs to ‘their pictures, which help everyone else find photos of, for example, Florence, aly. Another successful example of a site based on user-generated content is YouTube, which allows users to upload, view and share movie clips and music videos, as well as amateur videoblogs. Another example of the collective power of the Internet is the Google search engine. Its mathematical formulas surf the combined judgements of millions of people whose websites link to other sites, When you type justin Timberlake into Google's search box and go to the stars official website, the site is listed first because more people are telling you it's the most relevant Justin Timberlake site — which it probably is Skype on the surface looks like software that lets you make free phone calls over the Internet — which it does. But the way it works is extremely clever: By using Skype, youre automatically contributing some of your PC's computing power and Internet connection to raute other people's calls. t's an extension of the peerto-peer network sare sich as BitTorrent that alow you to swap songs a your ovm rik those songs ae under | copyright. BitTorrent is a protocol for transferring music, fims, games and podcasts. A podcast is an audio | “ecording posted online. Podcasting derives from the words iPod and broadcasting You can find podcasts about | almost any topic — sports, music, poltics, ec. They are distributed through RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds ‘hich allow you to receive up-to-date information without having to check the site for updates. BitTorrent >reaks the files into small pieces, known as chunks, and distributes them among a large number of users; when ‘ou download a torrent, you are also uploading it to another user ‘Adapted from BusinessWeek onlineB Read the article again and match the sentence beginnings (1-5) with the or blog, isan electionicjourna@ a web pages on a particular subject. A peer-to-peer system allows. @ b_ for downloading fies over the internet earch engine to find @_ users to share files on their computers. BicTorentisa peer-to-peer protocol used} about fresh n websites. 2 3. You can ust 4 content on your favourite 85 keeps you constantly informed ge. that displays in chronological order the postings of one or more people. Find words in the article with the following meanings. open-source, editable web pages (lines 5~10)Wi kag, 9 e-taile the same as electronic retailer, or of line store ings 10 a blog that includes video (ines 25-30) Vidlab| a program that allows you to make voice and video‘calls from a computer (lines 30-35) 5 an audio broadca3t doributed over the Inte fines 35-40) podiowl potsticg D [write a short article (80-120 words) for your school/university/work newsletter about the latest internet phenomena (MySpace, eBay, etc.). Talk about any other sites you think are important or will be important in the future. aunaa Language work: collocations 2 A. Look at the HELP box on page 87 and then match the words on the left (1-6) with the words on the right (a-f) to make collocations. There may be more than one possible answer. 1 online @y@yt a friends 2 take eB b photos 3. email a,® © action 4 upload 6,4 d_ website 5 portable # fe encyclopedia 6 oficial f player B In pairs, make sentences using the collocations above. C Find the collocations in these sentences and say what type they are. 1. Once you are online, you can browse the Web, visit chat rooms or send and receive emails 2. Instant messaging can be a great way to communicate with fiends. 3 This software may not be fully compatible with older operating systems. 4. Most webcams plug into a USB port. 5 This highly addictive game will keep you playing for hours. 6 Companies are starting to use virtual reality on their websitesHELP box 4@ E-commerce and online banking A [Bi Listen to two extracts from a monthly podcast « is each speaker talking about? Speaker 1@- Commer eg speaker? On bine fanaig d Money Matters. What B [B&D Listen again and make notes under these headings. Speaker ‘Speaker 2 ¢ “ings people buy online “hinge you can do with online banking " - a ‘Steps for buying online Biggest ise wih online banking - =. Precautions Precautions c | PO C Complete the extracts with words from the box 2 authorization fake intemet auction shopping cart browse login steal 1. Occasionally | aso buy things on sites such as eBay, where people offer and sell things to the highest bidder 2 First you entera site dedicated to e-commerce and their products 3 Then you put the items you want to buy into a virtual = a program that lets you select the products and buy with a credit card 4 You may have to with a username and a password 5... forsome transactions, you will be required to use a TAN, a transaction number 64 6 Be aware of phishing - you may receive ~ eas cling to be from your bankand asking for personal information or account details in an attempt to 6 your identity. D [Be Listen again and check your answers. 78Language work: the prefixes e- and cyber- Look at the HELP box and then fours complete these sentencgs. ‘The prefixes e- and cyber- Pogber ectronic, and we fr — pale ies that take place on. ts ‘ ' ine, for example : e-business/e-commerce — business ee conducted over the Internet. Other ‘examples include: e-card, e-learning, 3 An@r- Bike isa small magazine o e-zine, e-voting, e-signature newslette, published online e-assessment, e-cash, e-book 2nd 4 ina pa cl compufErs with iptenet access for af There ae often speling variations, with or 5 Example «oy Ber IW include ae en ele De Wail © The cyber- prefix comes fror ti 6 Inthe futur — and we use it to describe things vsing @= ted to computer rs, for example eybereafé -an internet coe Other examples include: cybercrime cyberculture, cyberslacker and cyberspace. sed on some ebsites instead of real money to make purchases. Itreduces the risk of fraud, 10 An @- booe ike the paper version, but in digital form What do you use the Web for? (2) in pairs, discuss these questions. Give reasons for your answers. 1 What is your favourt - _ Tastminute.com SME" aiey search er 2 Doyou download music or video clips from the Web? Do you ou buy things online? Is it better to buy online or go toa sho 4 Have you ever listened to the radio or watched hooV/university assignments or