Solved CS)
Solved CS)
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choaslng oNE full questionfrom each
tr ,_vJ
Ia
cdutir*l furt#.
1(b)
OR
2 a. Defrne servoltp.tqr. and DC servornotor. (04 Lfarks)
b. flerive an expression function of an armature controlled D.C. motor and also
construct the nnotor" {12 Nlarks}
Modute-Z
3 a. i;or the by the $bllow.ing equations snd frnd the transfer frrnction
flow graph techniqtre.
t dx, du"
x , = -OrX, + x, + O,U; = -CrzXr + Ctru (08 hf .:rk:i]
a, ;i
h. diagram reduction technique. Obtain the transfer function of C(s)/R(s) as shown
m {S$ Il{arks}
(,)
Fie.Q.3(b)
I L
Fig Q.4(a)
b. For thr net*'ork shown in FiS,Q.rl(b), csnstrust the signal determine the
transfer function u*ing Masonis gain formula. (08 lVlarks)
(z-
V;
5 a. Derive an expression br
::=
fipr a sees&d order sJactem excited by a step
input (under-darryed, {08 Ffmks)
b. A unity ftedbiack is charasterized by an open-loop T.F. G1s1 :
*h
Where K and er constant,
By whar gain K should be reduced so that the peak osvershoot oi the
unit step liom 759t ts 25o/o. (0S Marks)
OR
6 a- K(2s + l)
A systeru ha",ing open.loop T.F. of G{s! = ' The ir:p,;:
S{s + l)(s + I)r
+ 6t is applied to the sl6tcrl Dere,r{njne the rninirr,lurn value of K if the steady staru
.,,; to be less than 0. l. tt}4 &€arlisi
,'ii
A unity' fee,rlbar;k cuntrol $y$tcm has G(s) = 'using Routh Hurwitz criterion.
#m
Fin*--thq ran&e of K for whieh sy-r*em to be st*hle and also derermine the frequency of
oscillatinns.
c- lvhat are the difficulties encCIunt€ied while .asses*ing rhe R-it criteria *"0 t.,$u#-[l},
eliminate theue dif,Jlculties? Explain wirh exampies. - {06 luarkr}
ModuIe-4
7 a. What do you means by (i) breakaway point and (ii) break in point. Hov; can :i-,.' '
b. Sketch the roots locus plot for the system C(s)H(s) = . Determine the range ,l
ffi-+y
K for which the system will have damped oscillating response. t07
c. Show that part of root locus for the open loop T.F. G(s)H(s) = 5!112 ;, * ckcle.
S(s+l)
l
oilt
I a. Derive afi expre.$6ion for rss$n&$f pcak and reso{rsnt *eqgency for a syste m.
{06 }larkrl
,.K
b. Sketch the Bode-plot for the open-loop transfer function anri
lX0. is -* t t
determine the value of K far u&ich $y$tern is -to be gain r}1a1", r, and
phase rnargin. { l$ &farks}
,,:aaj
I0 a- Explain the pharse neat circuit diagra,m and derive expression for the
transtbr f,rnction of a (06 Marks)
b. Vfhat are the lead control? {04|l{arks)
c- Write notes sn PID {06 Marks}
E\ect..< c ft lr:
-$...--r,c-c.e.I E.'iet {-^ '--Di t
Corr!e.r*t<s
ee"*i n er di
'-Rqlo-i e-q-et-,6", t
Conl to\Q R<- o *, o6
(--i\rcw -1
sl3
C-l "rc^- \
so,?u4i'- --D
c-rovrri
\ €)
e"rterr
C-.ncn.\rrp\\e r
QD.ri.'-
-8e.9",r"--"-
a
{-*61r.1--"-+--")
o c =-"tt.{
J ", <i\r nrze d ; .^ ,"r) '-t t- e c*., n.l tr- \\ e--v c-€?D *? c^; r= .*V. e- c. c.*....-.\
Aira
-le '"-, ,3en-;c^*t ^--e\ r.o i'tVr .-*t- e. d e<r: ^recl -lsF,..,.-,eo-a.+u\-e. c^n d
e_-
at.b
b b1
4 tr) I
t\.\ |
J--o,
kir
M1 f;_
-ILe^r-e- c^lre- .*1..ou nodeqf . ac \..:e ne.= d -\-- d'r-.^-^-:
-tuo\, {o=-* \: o d.t *Au-- Iv'\c:^€e> I'\ 1 i<, .*oKeO c^{5 .,grdp
t
C.Yr d T*'\ c\31, l\r\ 2_ i **c"H*O c^95 ns cte g_
=
F",-- bo Jd dr -
t*- ",1 l*\c.a= y\ r (.o d- ,L)
r* X1
L-+
)
$t, ,
9c,
&v--
Fot-e-
.{
{ur=
\o c. \c
trt = r,r
il"il
d},
."*i o!
+ ,&\s, t &u-
_r b,5 F,r \r * Fr-(xr-.xr)
-P."'l
d{a dt I
dx,
V' cntd it^., {:rcit
!1 = =
d*2
3r- { t*)
= -' {} * r5\r -r \a, \ t, dt o r-,_\ (v,-rr2)d1
F.-.- . u-_+(r)
6 cL' c. rt-c. m ol o
F1c^<;= f"\z_ (.oa-z)
0 r-* t' X")
,. ... vL_
$-',t
fu-
Ftr^t-.-e- b"^(*c.
rc r)
o = &.or -;J*o*\
Ov
0: l{ 1d.r_ (vr*v,,) d *
+K1 d+ \
> G:a- curle6ir-,{ cnnq\o
1^(
!o
L1
o- )o
r tt) ')__
Fr L\
O: ca d we.-
L{+
+ \
Lq_ \
tr1*V,) d I *-+ (d.l
)
* frt--e- \o\+c^ .^- o\o
Lr (=. TT
-lB, C1 Lcr
eL{)
o
I
D (1 \ j-l
1J
fiteo *T
t -Qc^
f 3Lc.
f-- +.F a o-J g
" fLJ.o5+sfbrlO
c! o
-
= y_;K+.].{ I e*-r.,b5 o]
-l
taal ht Tt t- t'R"-=u l
k,'j ki{ rr.}g og
ffi 'E-q* gfo " F..-, 3* 5 ore] B
:. g .=
F- /e, g. n:-, C\+ sz,o) (,* ,z-.a)
ec^
\+ K-> tk,u rT-q o,o (r
I t.sZ,o ) (r *oz*)
t \^e\re 'ew) > l.-, /O*l Z* = *^ lp--", 8",-, = tr; L{
O\ocK cl,to
ff-'-
+ K'o \
5 f5".r fr tZrog j-(r + e> Lc") 0 ro te)
eY-u
oba frr -iL,e b \e4-
s:;i:;'n.,
rre?nre--e en
e1uc-+i orr -
-il.r d +r- e- -\rr=-,
-C^Y) d
oA *t er1n*L -Fto.-^, \, *e-c-L'niL*- /vte)
flo'T
x Xr+ tot d xr dB=.:*{ ,)rt d,v.
)
qlt =- -d,Xr t)AZ*d.r-U ) d{
e.r-e- ig c. .T".rri o.}i- q rni s'\a\ie- iq $..^e=\,oO -?..1,.-
*T1^,
^
Lo:{ e1t,....1-iuo i., Uo
^r- = -"Le-*l+dru
t
LOe h c..,-e_ d+
X = Xf -t-o(o \: oo' d x i
o !l=
Xr= -d, Xr tX2_+"{..rt_r
*r= -,(.1xrtdru.
--i-t-' e 5e c^^re 3.*e*e_ 3-p*4e €1"^c^.*\o..,t.
)( = Xr t -(u\J =) rC u'*?-{ -.l.-c'*\u!
Xr = *ot rXt t Xz-* "{zV ?
3*c"'1e t1 t cr*-i Drl3
J,
cin d i=\- Xo
'3r *1,r.- '\
c.\ h ,
a". 0-*T
uf,.\ X1 t X (t)
I
e
aE-
N*r, ber r.f -$o*ot.l3o+h5 y;-* 3
?, tlc* lx'/a^\':
d I
,( G{ ,l+ ,
Ar =)
43-- r- tt,+Li) =
1n d,a t"lr-
3L
lw'\ c-3on'a A<;, 4o= rnu.\ c^ .
{t.^-:,4.r}..-c-\ircj . 46 =
*?"r, t-F'ar {Pzrr+-Lld
\r, ols- ga+otrb-rcl
A L-+* a f
-zo
t
cl_
t-t>*
I
I o[\ * ol-z=: +d,.o 3 +- oL1*,e%
\ L a
a')
Sq-td,€r't-d 42_
2_
X (41 cl'n-to\ \
J o * + (.{o.t -t {r) 3 {- ot."
v (5) '
5z+ o|.-t * eL1
- o3.t \J=:., O\:*e.:o
+t^ e
h.,
Qca) t *
c (a)
5hi{ + +{"^, e_ *c^p. C^\., c^ -rpoio{ o\ 9+r o,\.+el" Qr c.r,d
6e?--a*e- -lr-e_ 4e*d fo C^C H
t-
Q+,
-l I
'lq
I
ar6
t Qr Gz- Q5 (c5)
I
I _t
1-rl
H\
qrlr,r-+ QS QH * Qrcr5
Qr-
6tr,", { 5
'-Rr5)
t Cr Gr
ra
9d1+9+c,s C (a)
9.l-
Hr
Hr
I l, t
I
+ + + G+rt grQt I
'Rta1 9r 7-
Ge-
C( -)
I
h.! I
Ht
9r* ,.
Q*rt Q
t Qr 9fi + Qr QzQs
Bt4,) t * Qr H1+q+CgHu cca)
hr 8r
9*+ (>Qg
{
Q,QrQc* Qt Qr
e,(gseb+q+,)
t t Cerc5+ crq) H1
\ t (qrqs+Qq) hrre,erHr
t+ Q'fo2o5+qdtr ". H1 Qr
t + Cqrc,S* (61)Hr- Ql0s + Qrr
Q CQr-Qg + aa )
' c(e)
?ta1 1 t (qges+qr,) H2_ -terezH r
I + Ql,Cere5-tA+,)
\+ C Qscb + G6) Hzt Q, QzH r
C ca1
Q r QzQg -t q, Qh
RC I + q)-q5Hr--r
") Q+1 H2_+ e relH r + elGlegt er ea,
o/t" o" 3+-+-€- -iN., e_ Y\c^go.i= r) &-"r,.,\o.
F; o d *he {t
-J.,-c*-, o.) Xe /x, o-f
E* '.s-{ex
+tae 57s*eo qi;scr.'vre-d b '*Lle"
&o.,, 5\-o \-"2n .oY (B 'nc^ry'=)
= I 'fl''.
t*=b b
"9o i ,'
" I,r+1
a+1 Q,q
t (r C( e- Xlr Ct b I
X1 x L- X5: X6
-H5
N.^.r-r b.- o .t +- -n'L.o ef,y d -Tc,.+*
y_
= = Z
Ft,t-.---6 --Tc-'*t-',
--?, fi*D
= Q, Qz Gg
-Pr = Qt Qq
llndlvi&-\ Lu"T (€^/o
Lt = - QzHr
L1_= - QgH-
Lb= -q,QzQ5H5
L+,= --Hq
Lg- = -. Q+r Gt- Hc
*P.l-od*c-l o't -t-":P non'-1_ouCt-i
Q^^D '6 \uo7t:
L,+l= Q,.1HrHq
L,5= QzQu,Qr- H, Hl
L.h - egH1ti1
L3h = Q,c.lrroHsHt
C""\c,*\c..'*]on rsl A
A = i -- [-r1 *L1* L5 -rLh r L51 * [t'h + L15-*L1h rLbq
A=\ I QrH, tQbH.r-tQrQ2O3Hgr-Hhtetes-Hbt e2H1H;,
+ Qr-QtQ:- HrHs tesHlHq+ e,g:eeHsH+r
L+1 ig non -touc-1r,,
''a '-?\ *
i,A \ - (- HJ.) = \+Hh
L\ Ye, nuD .-lc.^cL.,\n -.lo -P r-
J" A) f,
= \ - CqgIt) = \+ aqlr
tY\ c^3rcr>' 3 !-a.-ln 4r=,..,,.,\."
C
l"xr = r t'r'r a1 1-praf
eq(s (r*furD
A L = * Lt,ereb[r
+H*,) +
=-
Q, QzQc (r n- rr+r\ t e+, cr r-( \+ e, H)
\ + crzHr+
Qg Hr--t (r e1e3 Hgr H t-CrqQs
+ Q.r-Q+r Qr Frr Hs -r
t-t H5f e1H1Hq
es hLHh _r Q r QaQs ttS Ht
ofi" b Cot *Xe ne$.,cotrH 5t-te,.,o-l be-Uo €, ccn=t"rr^c-|
*t^e_
*t.,* c.nd rr>ir, =iqno. t
B*=", ds-fe-x e -!t-e- * rrr^n-'4a" 4.^-, .+ .,r$
'j-: -f, lv\o:,on'q1 &=r.r.. Lo a .r-..^..
f"-r C H=r)
6
.Y-r 7q-
IV C L V6
I
L .^j\ a c-e-- *'r-c. . .'&, ='9 o + 'ft^e ncl"':e-1a is c^.: sl-ruucn
V> elo..o ff*"
'Er Vt c') 'E z
Vi ta) -IAA
I
)t",1) SL Vo (e, )
'lr. 1-/
1
3 e--ae-c.-t no dee, a b V; 14) , 'J-1 q.,) , V, Cs), llrtey c.., d vo (s)
tJg= co.) t^:-r, .l-e-
\ (.r1 v;te)-\,rg) *---->
= (r )
'-F\
Vr [g) =
Tate,l =
( t, ( =) - vo te,))
-R r- -_o,(3)
Vo ta) = T,_ 3L *____* (fi )
tl\ ,
\/ I
q vl
r
IRr
, lec
q vr
l1
*t lec
l/R,-
I V0
').-
-t/e-o_
sL
J2_ vo
ove.r c.\\ 61 -\ 4to.^> b
0- (*.
t/F,
q tla.v \ \
I \ '-l-. g L
v0
Vi
*\lo"
-t/*, -t lr.
' Fo '--. ox d *j c^*tur neJ tl .
=, t, ", \X
--tf. e v-e i ,9 * .&-,-., o- d -f *+t )
r\
\,
r\ - <L/
--i7 J-/21?2=C L t
= -/R,'Br.
" Jnd;.r;d--L Io-o1,
Lr= ^'luc.Rr t.,t
La = -\ loc.Er_
Lb = -.L/r,
Vo
n'3
.l
t*(='o)a &'=rrr.^\o -
t /e iR,-c
V; A l*--l t-
- + 5L
ScRrr-.\6C'Rl cRFr-
Fz-
5L
SRr?.zc- tRz_*.R' + & L-Bi c + 5f
Vo = 3L
U; oul-t<, c + b( Lt ?, r-Rrc) +(xr +R4
1
o{ o- -De1i"r.a ayn ex?",,re=sio9
4o.o- ^r-is. {+.r:e. and -TeoV;-ti--e-
4o* q See--ar,d t>"u c\ex O7s-}g,"o exc;+e-d OX q rt-e-rp in;'i
(t.d.r d.^..r.jed Co.ba) " (€.rro..Ha) U
'-F-$ r-Jd
= tcn,Jilg2_
r,
t
-€,.:
g'
, _€r o-
,'', \
c-ozL-d\.t9) 'c
-L
I
{t'-o-'1 6iq t"Pat +e) e-I "c-,\ oo J r*€r
9*, ---.r'-q2
r'-_ q" c)o5(''cat t O
)
e Q-"t t,Cg .l*:t, ccb(.;a r *e!
tq"rot*.oa{ +9) -
\._ €,_
, *€_,,
\
5}-tola *Yi
C\-rc^x-c^c.*g.rr. 3,*t\ c- c1t-e^*i o9 e *od3 -tl:; =o
q_
.o..rT c^n-e. ,c",*b ** >g uaO3ttPrr=O
'n*= y o
JU)
[.Cn : J'1
C.ncl z-\r.c9 = d */r*r': ol- I
/Ll
tfie k,noa .ir.
1 Y-,
c-.t
'r.v\T = {-\,1 1;4
r\rc
^
o .J 5- = J,t \l,lt:*
.- ro . y6J
= *lT q,
\*q L
( o.,-slf (r.- El = =oqf
o.or 27 (,- qf ) ^ Tr'?,o
5
Ql= 3.3o3 x r,i
o'Y
ti o" o3 t I -9.c- Y\:7 = I 5-
o'
\T= o 6>3
\,r= c' fr ob '4"'" l-] P > c'L{
oL c-^:r'r<,'}c-;t
Le* \6 = \<, .4r, g, C^n d \a, = \<"r-'{.c'-l 1" 'cr4b
o(
o.o3lt = {- .^..,d o'Fto5 -
2 JE, (l
J.-
o.o3\l * o"o-itl
.: Br rJ-I Kr = Yir
O.*,Db J l(1
d c.o1;*i\
*o Fi.=V-o-\d be -te- d-.e
\.,
t
06"c. q uni T-. d b c^c-k; .1* l^' C^\.U t r\cloged \uo7 a1 F "{
a
Qtal = B.2=+\ -fL.€. ', Y1*7t^{ rrL+)=\*6\ "'t,cn-gPU e-d
S f$.z,'tr) (e+t1 rcring -*t-' e Yn', r'l'r ;rr{)u rf) r" e'^Lu^ €
t34 Y;,
-to .--1f e-- +e--
-lt^ e-
'\D e \eab -tl-o.O tJ'\
it +ue :ffi:; e,-tc--te eTrso
$ i 5 '+rD
*t).l{ r-) '{-nq Y\is*ck-e
C+r rf)C^'v\.'e) (
) =- \ * 6t
Q i v-eo '*t-c^'l , 1 n*7 **
'x L*
d)
*." \liu, 1 L cq,\ ?^c--<-'{: "'ns$u'r
q 'j(e,): ,/r* 6l*
€"rs":rp'v 3't t)- c^t
q]a.'; 6
E[:)= €r -+
\+q(r)Hta) \+ r.(z=,.\)
*.l{1+ r) (** \)a-
t
+ 6
€2 a-
J*L
clo
l.r
''('Y Oeq\\c.*i on3-
tc-\
-l-o b e.- s*c,!:\ e- c^., d c.\eo d e*e"rn;
CG
ffi -f\a e
""-d '.ro-t+s)
ClsssJ l.>o? T. F Clot v;(6+fi) o@*r) (++z)
f
l+4 (o)vto) \r s+
) *-",
3 fl ")- 6 I
?
a' C€ \.5- o
,t
-Re .
tl b groc.ll
a"
ours-'bel
* 6e -3 o "\ac-e b
I
e
3 \.r (6e-5) _ t
e
c 9s:=)
e
o
b I
!r e-l G'--o
-,5- \3c)-
-+l
:f c,- 6\ J
o l.5_ o I
o
5 --ootO i
q
\
\"5-oo
O
5 \
OL . fit( *tt.e e_[*"o..r.*= o{ q rro.-o io'_por.*\-,'5 c.'E':rc^1.* Z-ero
E)."^ Yr;:tr \e *
c:-
t-)- c\bc-
5+1 d e 4
5
Z
o o o -R.; c'{D c.L\
ro z e"L 5
3 6- C\ bC
t-rel J e{
5
b fid %-e o
o? or
(;; ;;
t'^?lrc^* d€
c\D exow)V\* ?.
\
",(;..;J Jl
( fi .rro-
\.e,)
:1,'ff ;T"::::"T
0
:;+b
T^e brreo.k c\L.coL\ o^r- \:rrec^k,",") Toin*= eidFt-gt l- e- t., *L
c'x i e, o-E- €xi g4
A car-rr-p \e-x C..r)u ft€^*e J.c^irs-rr. -E.S +U.er-e-
1g o' 'r-o-o{ \,cc-^.^-, ovl .rre-c^[ c.xig b*+'o\*", 2-1.e\e-er-]L.e.9
'-*l-lerre ero i
=i o. \1:treo B c^.,o c..-\ -f oi .r{ . f + *t^ erre- ie, c- tto-oi
L'c.-'-* 9.v g;ec^L c.7i r bei-.-,,U' ,--e*,ab -V-., e.o *i. erre €xig.t
c' L:reoH lo *lL,e^r-e ie, c^.r-ryo* \oc-..^e, ,cr., rre-*\c.xier
Jroin*.T.*
\:e-|'aeen -7o\e ond 2-e?p -*\^e-o *fL,eye be- or roo;4 not
be bte c^HiD oy br<=6;\c^\-.oe^L-r -. o\o*- "noy q q
Le* -*t-r e 6]rara c*er;
=.\i c -$-*Or.., b e i ., .t-,e
-t *$o-o
.o(e)+BBCe)=D
o'o = -{}ta)
y:,
c^. .6/ e
1= J- (,eo ((zxr)r-r)
=. I
t6u"
3
1"--- *^qQe =
t (16-., (( fu(, + r)
0
= ! 3uo"
0
5 \ef cG -J-rr .te.^r 3 e c*\on 16>i 'th j\,o c^ x i 5.
C Lrc^-x-c^e-yerir.-\d <- e1\,^c^+i o, 33+ e *+ g 3+F, = o
-1r."{ --= j -, L
( j'.)-+
^ G t j-f* A (r'^,) *-E = u
-l*n * 6..-3 + J Sr,.: *\a= u
€.1.-^c"'*.,
'e z.<_ot c^n d ?vo.=T-* -f o:.tr.
,- c)
\
\.,\)+ E L^) >.'l> '- G.^:' * Y- = rJ
t^*= A \t, = 6 .^?- .: € rg
F,,= &f;.
t.3 = ! 2.6 2-
-R .- oi F)
q*-
()4Y-<-hs
J\o-\ oe-e. -lhe
6*fb :
o'f , c-, 5ho.,c -fhc^-l -par* tr4 Beo{ \oc--^a &r *}.,e oTerr lryoT -T, F
QC.1 Htel = B(o+z) !g cj.r-c-Le, lq- rnoTK-)
5 (s+r)
q tg) ft te,) = \< ( e+ ,)
5 (e+r;
l-\^*\ 6=_.( *jF
= ts ["r. + j {b -'.} )
(attP) [u*1e+r)
l--Qt*1H rq) = .+-e^;' (Plo"")
+"^;\ ( ea) -t +o;\ (*lu -
)
+.,n .-1
P l&t F/at \
= -*e";' ( %.
") t '. t%)(*l**)
_ +.-^;'(:=) -f* n P (* +r) -+-\ P
t of \cr\ + t ) )tF"
ll
"t (d+')
o(+)- t c)*
o 13
o a, I
=-Q
"( + t ol. ("r-r r) t pL
-P
t't ta*r)t- pa) - P ("t"\-\<) ("t+r) =- Q
-.i+ iagt-'-+,.^:'3
_) *r*- [-*n ^* J2 g 6-- *
t,D ')
'
\ --uJno-
I
t.-[*-)o*1zr,
C.)
Ie't .,Crrnc-L'>..1 {-.('1ue..,1 L-= (*)
t-1 : rnc^.rni*-d .-, { cjrJ.J \r:oy {.rr.^.,=4e-&*^c t,u9
Cl.. = 7u,!,tt ,* c!*eged \*1, {5'^.''=$e:n 4*-^.'*''"-D
11 a
=\t-''(r*)\= I
= t*(r*u^\t--
z[cr--oh m q'*J 3lr--
-Re1'\c'c"r'1 u bv Lr'u
0 2(
u." f -" A g', ,,
c)
fi u.'. (r-
@"-T)'t->:o
ct fi t,* (r-.^",qr*o =- o i- 6
fou*-fiu\3--aQro, =o
cr5 \J\ =
^',/ t'- -q e-
'r,O
e hcr"--e,-
\
Y\v =
'qJq*
.i, pe+D .l cn l *Tet t<, F1t = \
e-q ,-an
'Re<,on *.'-) J *.i \
r^e-r, (w".
fl C"rl.l-r.& Z_-d 1
"!-€4'Or,C. r) ]T *.1 \J^r ,-Oq'
.:, -8.:,o.r-.-i {*1r^ttt \^f n = uon t -1-q-
F4 rrl*t-.de- T to!
t
\T .D
I e rrrr-> -lC'l-{:eX I \-/-en 6\ o 7e- Chc..t in
t*e^d ) T3 C_ sto:pe_
Jt \d."-
rt
I j t,r,
- 2-o
\ L^3Cl *. \
/ t *,.,o *2(]
-2o-zo=*ilrD
'l Ito"t _,
r^:
wcz= \o
- 9-o
-dto.-zD = - 60
Le{ [ouoer Y') trL-- O'l ls-.-^d la.-
hlgAe.r
L e-'+ tr=\aLj,-)\ t T'l
6
!
j
(-)
' lt
o
f
7
CJ
I ) J (L ']F
P
cn
o
\c
(P
o I t})
6 a€ \a
,a
*-t
(c9. o. "^:-\o:,:'\ g-1 ':.r' 6J (-: !':\:) \r-.',''l 'lL- c N .1c1t r,,, \ {.,.+ r v,r \.1 .t:\ a\:i..\-i'-: , L i^)
N u*'b.f"*d '+-.,
=e-Qec-{
c- 4,,-tc*e wc^L,*ed S.,^..*-o,o
61r"i:) 0
trc,,l c^25 \+ q(s) H ta)
Fc.,)'= \+q b\HLc)
t,oe hr,'c.,o.*t-,c,..t -yrr\e..:
o,1 \+ C,ta)Ft(t) =.lrr_r\.1= c\ o-pe., \tru1.
'{t".-g,4e n,4-. c'*' o o .
d ,yr*oi
F ^T\ar'e \> "e\ot jo')
A c.-." cl I n .+- ry) c"-P t 1 '-*t'-e-oT€,r",
6 q
N ='-P- Z-
,4"..,, 3tb,rero -trc !:e- 3*\e"b\q Z o
c
4A N=? \.,-t-n-r>be11 o{ o:pqo \,;.T 'l:o1e,.- (.4",- c-l,c--ed t* f
iffi
D\ fle.!rj
+
\
3+ab'.U
o o
o.\
-
t
.--?
o -' \..'\e-o -\r''.^'\ 4"^r o 65o\'^'l_e-
C^j(.€.xi
\c"n g !2 N
o
, .+!ae 1..,L^ro\re-r o& enq-i'^rc\etne-n'ls
:r l '-? \ c \ rr) r-'l5'r \2 e
Vr>
€q u^c"\ *to Nr".',, eT ,c4
*7e \ e-+: , ,\ il
v r+i(e)F\(s)"
X.1t-i
\
03.b 5k--e+-5 -it"-e Nr-aatjst 17\ot and cow,rne-n\ on'il^e- e,*="\ciu+5
o4 +{^'e c),o36! \croJ affete-'o t clroee- \cT..r trro-P tro-3{."U
-$,-.',c*'.,on i s eC.,1 H Ce) =U rq (a - fi )
( a+r1L
CAo o 5e €y-,*iv^e- ')i + \-,c^\.4 .,.{ .=1,\.^n e a4 N"fr1"-. t
C--on'*r:..^\^. {
9= 30 ) oe.-j3o
3o
o
L:2" .*o
o
O {r:
*T
h e. *tr\ o 't -.\ t-r rn 3 <:\rc - d ..-, '+L' e c'x-;6, n -.\=. -
-fl.r g- * gi r--l'l n-1.er5e.*1i.,.- o.{'\+'\ e Nv11 rpi -:t'-P\o1-
qr
L3 =.^"
6=)
hY;+\D ()
f-t-
-hk, -jo - \tj t) ts
lv
N= -\ , T-- o
N=?-z-
"-\ = O -2-
2>l
an4\-e"--t \ t> w n+*c^\c\ e- -Lg,- * Y <- Z- o^r \< ) \/,
tn1'
("
lO.q- € )< ?\.rU O -tt^ s *p\rc^ge,*a c-orr>*?e., e q*l-r>rr .,oi'ib n e,.^{' <-i rrc-"-:, t
c! e"flnr.^.n q.., d derir,-e- eilr""eseltrD -S"- *ne- -1t,.',3'$e'r
J-..^-!.*o. o4 G \oA c.cF',-7eD=c'-fortr, CG *',ot\<9)
Tl^e ao1 c-orr;yeX=o-lot i3 on <9ec*-rtcot,.,e+*,ro1r\$ rchic.h
lrrod-c-eJ 61 3inLrsoi d*[ rcu^{ j'.^{ \-,c^w'inq .*ue 1\^c": e \c^q uohu,
c" ei nuaoi dc.( in1r.-* i e, o-p1:U e d . \,^e. ,HFf covr)Ten=r-.+t>=U
ci'rs-r-.t-^rt in -il-e- '3' do_n.u.t ie, g\..,o..,-o ,\, 4,*_,-a \:e;po.o.
()
+
-Rl t
t
Vi (e,)
'Rz
Vo
1I
I
(e)
J
'l.c I
*The- -\*r.^-,3.$.
= .*.^ -,-*i', o o,{ +t-r; s Le- c-cnOfqr)t)c-*1 oY i::
Vc ter)
fl
\
\i (:)
"(
uoV''evc- C=.RzC
, ot=3:&-
ke-<. o( ) t A*.., ,*r..e .-r*:B=' .{-,,-.,".t,o' Loe ce.o
con c-Lr-^de- --tt''e-*\ .-it-r e t-il c-ayr-lI eo=..*l-o.r L.,c-g c,r\e
To\e c;.t
4 = -t la a c^n cl on e .- r
c^:\' =- 7c ..--TLr.; - y'..,ec...,= .it-.,e.
'-po\e ,-o\\t be- rreG^y€.r=-9,
.-lra "rOrriTf c in,-ll-.e .fo\€-z-e"-p
c .,n'S7(^\c.*t,,o n\ [
u4,,.be.S.}u^.\<
-q qo,n?n,]J=cr-l,z-.
'--a
B__ j ,.2 \,€ e .u2 a
Vo (.1.o)
l_ _1.,o +l/c
v; tjw) ot \, +,/a t
-P\-.^= a
lfi e
cf,
'f-
K no..,> '-ttY-.^4 ,'$-le c^r,
p = '+e^.il (ro e )
jhcr.e,e
+..;t ( oluo f
o'4'+u-., cu;*5,u^'* €inutsoi do(
)
5i 7nc.I i= eq*o[
t
.*", 'ff^ e- s!.rr.1 a e -a>h Ct'c €-. -.,./e- o 4
"
ffi;
?.$.^{ 3i nu==ci d*[ =til-, : ^U
n d -t\.' e {-n-,.,,:r{* t .{t"ncl\\lr1- qo,!rt
Ot det .*-o *p.r^Od-^.-e- *li- q -prt c^g e_ o{ .}t^, e. ou{yui ,c{- *u..,ia
rn T 3 a-1-6^1- , *tt e -F L.o: g, clv\ ,:.{ +L- g .-\'t ...,s,}e v
C.C eo-.,
.Jt^-""|.tr-, 5Lr,:lu^\d bq
.,
r)e ve
"ffi
i 5 .,O; \\ br e^,1-= Fer; t.oV.qrl
bl> \ x-..+"
n
Qc;n "
Ct>
q *1 (*d la*. )
"'!
'a !'c'A€
d ect
C
'r
_l/ .\*&e-
o(oY
6 .!*'P '1re3
PCf\ I e.-
.? to
'?t
0 Jd ^_e (a e.)