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Solved CS)

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25 views34 pages

Solved CS)

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Fmr M*re Qus*tion F**crs Vi*it - www.pasiawikihl*g"offinl


ISETi6I

Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.20l 9l Jan.ZOZ[


Gontrol $3lstem
Time:3 hrs. Max. Marks:

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choaslng oNE full questionfrom each

I a. DefineControl Sy$e.m. Distingu,ish *.loop and closed loop contr0l with


an examples" Itarxr;
b. Fcr thernechanical systcfit shown in Fig.Ql(b), write the diflerential to thc
force F(t). Also sbtakr tlre analogous electricatr eircuits baried 0nt analogy
ii) Force-voltage analogy- ( l0 lttsrks)

tr ,_vJ

Ia
cdutir*l furt#.
1(b)

OR
2 a. Defrne servoltp.tqr. and DC servornotor. (04 Lfarks)
b. flerive an expression function of an armature controlled D.C. motor and also
construct the nnotor" {12 Nlarks}

Modute-Z
3 a. i;or the by the $bllow.ing equations snd frnd the transfer frrnction
flow graph techniqtre.
t dx, du"
x , = -OrX, + x, + O,U; = -CrzXr + Ctru (08 hf .:rk:i]
a, ;i
h. diagram reduction technique. Obtain the transfer function of C(s)/R(s) as shown
m {S$ Il{arks}

(,)

Fie.Q.3(b)

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Fmr ffi*rm G*ssti*r: ffmp*rs Wi*it - i#ww.p*dixwikibf*g .**ffx
OR
44. State the Mason's gain formula. Find the transfer function & of the svstem de scrih,,;d h-,.
xr
the signal flow graph (SfG) shou,n jn (88 SI:rrkvl

I L

Fig Q.4(a)

b. For thr net*'ork shown in FiS,Q.rl(b), csnstrust the signal determine the
transfer function u*ing Masonis gain formula. (08 lVlarks)
(z-

V;

5 a. Derive an expression br
::=
fipr a sees&d order sJactem excited by a step
input (under-darryed, {08 Ffmks)
b. A unity ftedbiack is charasterized by an open-loop T.F. G1s1 :
*h
Where K and er constant,
By whar gain K should be reduced so that the peak osvershoot oi the
unit step liom 759t ts 25o/o. (0S Marks)

OR
6 a- K(2s + l)
A systeru ha",ing open.loop T.F. of G{s! = ' The ir:p,;:
S{s + l)(s + I)r
+ 6t is applied to the sl6tcrl Dere,r{njne the rninirr,lurn value of K if the steady staru
.,,; to be less than 0. l. tt}4 &€arlisi
,'ii
A unity' fee,rlbar;k cuntrol $y$tcm has G(s) = 'using Routh Hurwitz criterion.
#m
Fin*--thq ran&e of K for whieh sy-r*em to be st*hle and also derermine the frequency of
oscillatinns.
c- lvhat are the difficulties encCIunt€ied while .asses*ing rhe R-it criteria *"0 t.,$u#-[l},
eliminate theue dif,Jlculties? Explain wirh exampies. - {06 luarkr}

F*r fu4*r* G***tior: Fap*rm Visit - www.pffidiawlkihi*g.##R1


T

Fmr fu4*r* &x*stisn Faperx Visit * www.p*dimwikihtrog.**r?"?

ModuIe-4
7 a. What do you means by (i) breakaway point and (ii) break in point. Hov; can :i-,.' '

determined with an example? {0.r


,181,1.1
i

b. Sketch the roots locus plot for the system C(s)H(s) = . Determine the range ,l
ffi-+y
K for which the system will have damped oscillating response. t07
c. Show that part of root locus for the open loop T.F. G(s)H(s) = 5!112 ;, * ckcle.
S(s+l)
l

oilt
I a. Derive afi expre.$6ion for rss$n&$f pcak and reso{rsnt *eqgency for a syste m.
{06 }larkrl
,.K
b. Sketch the Bode-plot for the open-loop transfer function anri
lX0. is -* t t
determine the value of K far u&ich $y$tern is -to be gain r}1a1", r, and
phase rnargin. { l$ &farks}

,,:aaj

I a- State and explain the Nyquist stability {06 lVIarks}


b. Sketch the Nyquist plot and eomrnent of the closcd loop system w,irosc
oper-loop transfer function is G(s)H{s) - {I0 }!arksi

I0 a- Explain the pharse neat circuit diagra,m and derive expression for the
transtbr f,rnction of a (06 Marks)
b. Vfhat are the lead control? {04|l{arks)
c- Write notes sn PID {06 Marks}

F*r" Mmre Qumsti*n ffxpers Vi*it - www" p*diawikifui*g.**r:r


t

I o\r^ti "r7 " $ v"T w ftt^ee*ion *?c^-F".r [-:.o 2€9q


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C""\c,*\c..'*]on rsl A
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A=\ I QrH, tQbH.r-tQrQ2O3Hgr-Hhtetes-Hbt e2H1H;,
+ Qr-QtQ:- HrHs tesHlHq+ e,g:eeHsH+r
L+1 ig non -touc-1r,,
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J" A) f,
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C
l"xr = r t'r'r a1 1-praf
eq(s (r*furD
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+H*,) +

=-
Q, QzQc (r n- rr+r\ t e+, cr r-( \+ e, H)
\ + crzHr+
Qg Hr--t (r e1e3 Hgr H t-CrqQs
+ Q.r-Q+r Qr Frr Hs -r
t-t H5f e1H1Hq
es hLHh _r Q r QaQs ttS Ht
ofi" b Cot *Xe ne$.,cotrH 5t-te,.,o-l be-Uo €, ccn=t"rr^c-|
*t^e_
*t.,* c.nd rr>ir, =iqno. t
B*=", ds-fe-x e -!t-e- * rrr^n-'4a" 4.^-, .+ .,r$
'j-: -f, lv\o:,on'q1 &=r.r.. Lo a .r-..^..
f"-r C H=r)
6

.Y-r 7q-

IV C L V6

I
L .^j\ a c-e-- *'r-c. . .'&, ='9 o + 'ft^e ncl"':e-1a is c^.: sl-ruucn
V> elo..o ff*"
'Er Vt c') 'E z

Vi ta) -IAA
I
)t",1) SL Vo (e, )
'lr. 1-/
1
3 e--ae-c.-t no dee, a b V; 14) , 'J-1 q.,) , V, Cs), llrtey c.., d vo (s)
tJg= co.) t^:-r, .l-e-
\ (.r1 v;te)-\,rg) *---->
= (r )
'-F\
Vr [g) =

Tate,l =
( t, ( =) - vo te,))
-R r- -_o,(3)
Vo ta) = T,_ 3L *____* (fi )

nt(n-\'{to..-^, L:r:r,e- e1r.^c-*.e-rS


t/t B*rt,'s,4.,*
c,

tl\ ,

\/ I
q vl
r
IRr
, lec

q vr
l1
*t lec
l/R,-
I V0
').-
-t/e-o_
sL
J2_ vo
ove.r c.\\ 61 -\ 4to.^> b
0- (*.

t/F,
q tla.v \ \
I \ '-l-. g L
v0
Vi
*\lo"
-t/*, -t lr.
' Fo '--. ox d *j c^*tur neJ tl .

=, t, ", \X
--tf. e v-e i ,9 * .&-,-., o- d -f *+t )
r\
\,
r\ - <L/
--i7 J-/21?2=C L t
= -/R,'Br.
" Jnd;.r;d--L Io-o1,
Lr= ^'luc.Rr t.,t
La = -\ loc.Er_
Lb = -.L/r,

t*'-, -p ':n2 d- c{ o .$ .-+-, D o o 1.; *o .^c\-i -, tuopt,


Lr j = ,luy..Rr_ 0

o C.^\ c.*\ o..5 e .', A


".t
A= I * (,-, t Lr-r.gl -t ( u, g)
*\
\
t aaT-r acpz_
5L\
?v)
\ + L--
CE_,Br_
K= \
o }4 c-go

Vo
n'3
.l
t*(='o)a &'=rrr.^\o -

t /e iR,-c
V; A l*--l t-
- + 5L
ScRrr-.\6C'Rl cRFr-
Fz-
5L
SRr?.zc- tRz_*.R' + & L-Bi c + 5f
Vo = 3L
U; oul-t<, c + b( Lt ?, r-Rrc) +(xr +R4
1
o{ o- -De1i"r.a ayn ex?",,re=sio9
4o.o- ^r-is. {+.r:e. and -TeoV;-ti--e-
4o* q See--ar,d t>"u c\ex O7s-}g,"o exc;+e-d OX q rt-e-rp in;'i
(t.d.r d.^..r.jed Co.ba) " (€.rro..Ha) U

L,, ni * ?+e_-ip 7e-alo rt b e- o'8 2.d ovcle- unde.r-


-(=*-&^'
clornjed cc^3e- ier
*el'oot
ct{)-- \ - a\q (r,ca t +- e)
r-q*
e^l {= tr cC{) =- c(tr) = I

o'. cC+) €1wn1=


= \ e. 4\r> (.,ca{' +9) --l
r- qe-
* of 9*"'{ t
{iirrCioai= *0) = (]
r* qt
%., r>c_E>
-e- ) wol rt
€,
59 a\") ('ca *^s -t B) = o
i-o
uC\nen tp*-o,-tr,ziT- ,37 €>inS=o
,o, urdt"r*g= 1T
\,od-+_t .=*tr -. 0
oo o 'xi ge # rn€ {-t = 1T'- e oiv->
3€c-
t'd
rrO\ne rre g -- +=^;t ,-qx- o 't-o.& c^6 q2.

LOd > t,on


r-_Q n-
?e--B *i.. €- _lvcnl
u'e vrc^r-e-- cc'{) = \ - ?' * e>iyr [.;a{ +e)
{ \*61-
€ xy rre=3i c vr.$o.' t .i n ct yl
,, = o\r\., e-
"
d etr\ \
d+ \t--\r -\J
d-=!! -€,wt *
C qo.,) 51o L..ca t -te)
o'"
dt = - e-t
.L
1*q

'-F-$ r-Jd
= tcn,Jilg2_
r,
t
-€,.:
g'
, _€r o-
,'', \
c-ozL-d\.t9) 'c

-L
I
{t'-o-'1 6iq t"Pat +e) e-I "c-,\ oo J r*€r
9*, ---.r'-q2
r'-_ q" c)o5(''cat t O
)
e Q-"t t,Cg .l*:t, ccb(.;a r *e!
tq"rot*.oa{ +9) -
\._ €,_

e Qo.\ f"-.u <,ir(";:at+e) -


,: t3q 3'.n0 c-^re=Ctrat+e!
rjr----qt

, *€_,,
\

tCn Q."'\ t :-,[r.oa t) J r*q 9-


-'a e
rlt*6' q
:. Po .9wn'1 6\n(.oa\i7)=o
J;qz
j\r-tc e C 9tc"."\ +0 d,n [.,Ja'{Y) =u-'

o'\r \-O d {'? ": 1r


-Lr= --- .=
fT
l,d 'cnJ r*A"
os: t) A \rn', .$.*-db c^ck, eon-ltc,\ alc*eto i S c-!-rc"^rr.^e.lreO
-J "il
e^n oT, \-o\" T. F. Q c=) = Ytl ;(. +o() . rrt.,ere yl, c^".,d ct
e,\'rr-e -?oei*irre 1.-|e7er con-fon:tt. {}y .^c\na{ -$a^"+o= -t{^ e-
ar-r1-g\"*i--' e:, r> \# -ho.^\ d la e- *dY^.-- d 3 o *l^ e.-\ 't't^ e-
a-c^,
-Pec.\ r?\re\ ]X-ot .3* *t^.a urni"l gte-? are-3'-Fot- 5e- "'-e-d*c,e'e'
J-- 1r'J , -\o L{'l' Ca "r-,o"\"'t
2 K I a(a-tcr) \)
\a-

\ .. Ci(b)H te) I t \i/at<,tr) 5 (+-tat) +K2


'T [e,): V>

5}-tola *Yi
C\-rc^x-c^c.*g.rr. 3,*t\ c- c1t-e^*i o9 e *od3 -tl:; =o
q_
.o..rT c^n-e. ,c",*b ** >g uaO3ttPrr=O
'n*= y o
JU)
[.Cn : J'1
C.ncl z-\r.c9 = d */r*r': ol- I
/Ll
tfie k,noa .ir.
1 Y-,

c-.t
'r.v\T = {-\,1 1;4
r\rc
^
o .J 5- = J,t \l,lt:*
.- ro . y6J
= *lT q,
\*q L
( o.,-slf (r.- El = =oqf
o.or 27 (,- qf ) ^ Tr'?,o
5
Ql= 3.3o3 x r,i
o'Y
ti o" o3 t I -9.c- Y\:7 = I 5-
o'

c.74- = -'Ti- 4*l 47-qL


-.t 9" ri"-qf
-*\.'3.8 G =
1
\"3r-tB (,- ql) oq" j-o
=

\T= o 6>3
\,r= c' fr ob '4"'" l-] P > c'L{
oL c-^:r'r<,'}c-;t
Le* \6 = \<, .4r, g, C^n d \a, = \<"r-'{.c'-l 1" 'cr4b
o(
o.o3lt = {- .^..,d o'Fto5 -
2 JE, (l

J.-
o.o3\l * o"o-itl
.: Br rJ-I Kr = Yir
O.*,Db J l(1
d c.o1;*i\
*o Fi.=V-o-\d be -te- d-.e
\.,
t
06"c. q uni T-. d b c^c-k; .1* l^' C^\.U t r\cloged \uo7 a1 F "{
a
Qtal = B.2=+\ -fL.€. ', Y1*7t^{ rrL+)=\*6\ "'t,cn-gPU e-d
S f$.z,'tr) (e+t1 rcring -*t-' e Yn', r'l'r ;rr{)u rf) r" e'^Lu^ €
t34 Y;,
-to .--1f e-- +e--
-lt^ e-
'\D e \eab -tl-o.O tJ'\
it +ue :ffi:; e,-tc--te eTrso
$ i 5 '+rD
*t).l{ r-) '{-nq Y\is*ck-e
C+r rf)C^'v\.'e) (
) =- \ * 6t
Q i v-eo '*t-c^'l , 1 n*7 **
'x L*
d)
*." \liu, 1 L cq,\ ?^c--<-'{: "'ns$u'r
q 'j(e,): ,/r* 6l*
€"rs":rp'v 3't t)- c^t
q]a.'; 6
E[:)= €r -+
\+q(r)Hta) \+ r.(z=,.\)
*.l{1+ r) (** \)a-
t
+ 6
€2 a-

3( {s-r-\) (e-t\) + \c, (z=+ r)


5(=;-.-t1) (=+r)%
fi_ c)_
I SCgi=,-t1) (=+r) e(sao,) ( 3+ \)
3 +G-= ()_
.(q.-tr) ( 3+ \ * ^
efs-q,11 ) (=+r)
* Y-(9-'-+ r)
6+-c.+-e- e1r':rp\ €-ee, Cc^n be o\:'tc^^ne<\ -la.o.o
{:_:T.:_$ *tL- eO-.,'r-e.O .

€s:= L;q eL{) - Li.q z €<.)


-f od 3-+Lr
CL

L;.o = E(s-z+r) (a+r)


5--> D F a(,;z-tr) (a+r )q--r YrC>er+r)
+ s"t- E(,r*+r) Cs+r)L
4L z (s-a-+\) C e,+ \ i* rr( 2=+ r)
a
l.*b = O+ ,6=6
\1 \1
Q i'.,*-, {r--{ €=e, < o -\
,or c"\: 6 o^r yi = G/o.r = Gc.
IB
rD i ni vr) \r rr) Vc^ L'* e, r:f k\ = 6o '*-t--: €=e' <- P'\ '

06.b. e wo;\ -Feqdloc.c.B tr", \ etslert \-,o"eo Qt.,) \i Q,+fi)


C-or:
5(e+ r ) (s+z)
\J3',- .,a -Ftr.^*b H*^q-uoi-f>- crsi.\<-rri,op. F-in d +qe rlra', o4 R 4o'
r-cV> -'

J*L
clo
l.r
''('Y Oeq\\c.*i on3-
tc-\
-l-o b e.- s*c,!:\ e- c^., d c.\eo d e*e"rn;
CG
ffi -f\a e
""-d '.ro-t+s)
ClsssJ l.>o? T. F Clot v;(6+fi) o@*r) (++z)
f
l+4 (o)vto) \r s+
) *-",

\a (s+fi 5 [=+r) (<,+ z)


= )
e (s+ r)( s+ z) + K (=-ru, ;
Ci^rc^-r--- c.*e.r-i: :i c eclucr$ro! g(sq-t3:tr-) + \a= +- fi yi =_o
a
3--l- ad + (f--r y) o + v\ ts, ; o
--pot*p-, C^\.b-q
a tr
t)'
\ :L +Y;
c\
a- 5 fir,
\
3 6+ 3li-+,E o
3
c
?, fit1
4:-o.", -D -5c\-^)
= \k-)o or ti>o
Dr
-\ "vo.o t t.c r-^: 6-B)o oY \1 16
-bc',nq4 o { K -9.r =*<'biL;'+y i5 o<\1<6
(\
v a
q
tn)\-,eo K=6 31a-\e^o
"c;\\ be
rr)c., b\ e-
.-|U-.e
- {-vo.- O*I ?rp r^c
T a't- \\
I 5-fc^

5=9- -td-l Y-- = o


'T,-l K = G
Sgtr-fi+-e = Z*ozfi=-c>
51=-'hlz
er=J=€-=Ig-.62i
i 5 2'6 9- '?tc^ d \ 3eC..
o4 6gc:\\c'-tlc'r
,,". '4t--e
1*--.t
o6. c tJ\n c.* c^\re *t^ e d; &+ c--t*; eo- eD c-oLJ rrfe re-d ur\-,i \e-
(, aaeggi.q 4r- e- R- H Crri *en-r o c^n d Lrr:...,c do 1-,ct^ gg;rl-," ne^dr€

-tt-,e= e. d-Q&;c-\+.,e5?. E-7flo:n .pi4r.r exc,".+\e5 (G .-"."Y-a,)


c"rs Fd-c"R i 5
g t. fi".-et e9e-"ne-.-,-\
o4- --X o + +t^ e- '\4o-'-t!'' b'
Z4:vo c^nd *L.e.- €..hr.)- =S--r-rni-?1 .rD\, coo*e-.lnovot \ec^51
On e n oD 2-Q't'o ele-,-r, en -l--. ()
€xc,wr.,r\e- - 5t1 >5fi-+a j+ e *-t)-3 + \ >, n
3 ;' \ 3 o)-

3 fl ")- 6 I
?
a' C€ \.5- o
,t
-Re .
tl b groc.ll
a"
ours-'bel

* 6e -3 o "\ac-e b
I
e
3 \.r (6e-5) _ t
e
c 9s:=)
e
o
b I

!r e-l G'--o
-,5- \3c)-
-+l
:f c,- 6\ J

o l.5_ o I
o
5 --ootO i

q
\
\"5-oo
O
5 \
OL . fit( *tt.e e_[*"o..r.*= o{ q rro.-o io'_por.*\-,'5 c.'E':rc^1.* Z-ero
E)."^ Yr;:tr \e *
c:-
t-)- c\bc-
5+1 d e 4
5
Z
o o o -R.; c'{D c.L\
ro z e"L 5

.-9,c't.a Crr-rx,\cr:rW €1uc.*iu o t a, t t- e'{{-'- snJ*: ,:{ q -ru\^r .Cvli c-b


a
ie, Ju+i c^!e.'V-'tt.e 'ro.,.: ol N,L! ze')D-
A(+) -- .l sh + e * i +
'-i c^Ke c^ d e'-,-.rJi-e- o4 R tl) uc ' -\ 3 '
"x
de.,gl- +r.lf -+ Les
dt
-Pg'7\c^ce 2-aNo e; 'l-o ": b *|xe c-,, €,{&"-t e--r'*? o{ d ner) c.n d
d dt
C-cin*Y\n u- €--

3 6- C\ bC
t-rel J e{
5
b fid %-e o

o? or
(;; ;;
t'^?lrc^* d€

c\D exow)V\* ?.
\

",(;..;J Jl
( fi .rro-
\.e,)
:1,'ff ;T"::::"T
0
:;+b
T^e brreo.k c\L.coL\ o^r- \:rrec^k,",") Toin*= eidFt-gt l- e- t., *L
c'x i e, o-E- €xi g4
A car-rr-p \e-x C..r)u ft€^*e J.c^irs-rr. -E.S +U.er-e-
1g o' 'r-o-o{ \,cc-^.^-, ovl .rre-c^[ c.xig b*+'o\*", 2-1.e\e-er-]L.e.9
'-*l-lerre ero i
=i o. \1:treo B c^.,o c..-\ -f oi .r{ . f + *t^ erre- ie, c- tto-oi
L'c.-'-* 9.v g;ec^L c.7i r bei-.-,,U' ,--e*,ab -V-., e.o *i. erre €xig.t
c' L:reoH lo *lL,e^r-e ie, c^.r-ryo* \oc-..^e, ,cr., rre-*\c.xier
Jroin*.T.*
\:e-|'aeen -7o\e ond 2-e?p -*\^e-o *fL,eye be- or roo;4 not
be bte c^HiD oy br<=6;\c^\-.oe^L-r -. o\o*- "noy q q
Le* -*t-r e 6]rara c*er;
=.\i c -$-*Or.., b e i ., .t-,e
-t *$o-o
.o(e)+BBCe)=D
o'o = -{}ta)
y:,

-rhe bte..\.*i;":- \::--e.ck,io *po\n{ r= ffw-e, by-o--r4q, e4


-Jhe- e1 u'cr*\o rr U dv;/d o. *Ttr- e a- -r.+=,ru{ d K/a9 : tr <^te-

Hl-ll;:ha.-oc.A .,'==br=..hio iorn-l 32.,,vi-red 4o"


e o{ trf+ , 4i,.,e cA-e; o p- ghc."\d beTosi{nrre
qnd tre-oL. 0
.t
to
o?. b 5 k,e-t-b -tt-e. rc'ot \o c_-.q, j\o* 4", *r-" uy*<"o
Q.c4 Hce,) = \4)
. --Pg'te"r r?lirr g.tt-r€ t-en
'*r- oo\.r', -t, ;: Tlj#) ,rci \\ L c..,-e- d <r"o?ed T "8R
ogci\\c^$;.,
tr€-e,*yonse= (1
".,o[O=; a
6{-e:p o\. Loc.,.t\oo t:4 -/s\ee, c,v.rd -z€Ti;<o
fr) : r)o. o{ *Z- e_-rCI, - O
f) : n0. r.{ -Tro\ e__ = Z _?, c, _l-}
= =.*2_ If^__ *+_
5+e-7 uL. -Qo-c,'+ [,;c*q, on -zre-^\ c^Xi3.
-?c"rr"-I o'R -z.q-\
o
c,.ro i3 \>e:*-.o e e D e +c * 2_ *r- cl .- dt .*,: *-o
t 3 -Ye^r'-1 ct a-e-o* \ o c^^3
6.+-€-:f trff\ .ilf-- q o=(.
o t' .

" 3'tu'+e-", .,.- d ce'--lt-p i d.


+-.J0e o 4 c\3il{r) p*o-|e-.- t r 8u (21+r )l-
U

f=o c-,\n 't (rsc\ rt*rr, f=o'\,4'b'


I
#= 3
-r bt)
"tO

c^. .6/ e
1= J- (,eo ((zxr)r-r)
=. I
t6u"
3
1"--- *^qQe =
t (16-., (( fu(, + r)
0
= ! 3uo"

5 = Ih>3 = !f,trb' y"f,


C,etr'{rrpi d = 3tu.o { *tr o\ ee,
" -.3 -- ., { ", e^n)"- 2^
{
/)
n.-rY) €/ 2j
= (o-z-+..)*t:
-h-
fz rS
qYt
"b 6"o
J
'Tr
l-g
Cer.,1.v.o"el = *c)_
*5 t*5 o U-
3+e7 ofi fbt-c.\:- c*-;\ -Yoin+ 6oo
-J
C.Ltroe cl \ trr:-p {'t-'.. c*\ pn) ( (r) 2)
=4..Y'4-., -B C5)
!S?) K
-F.tet q(et1) (4++r) 1\i
=
-1
{
Cln e^'rrcr.c.i€"xl s.ti c €_c1r^o *\ po \
g3+ Ge,L+ B=t- \A = u
(f\ k_: _f,_c*--8g
d *A.= a
-53-t1-b*6=a
6o\w ; n 3=*C"6q g,*. -3.lf
a
hfV,e., a=-O.6h kr= 3.D-73 .?rec^[ c^nd trc=].]...-e Vc'A- d
f5":te*6
Cr ral, a V

u:!-ev-r 6= - 3"t5- f-,= - 3'oyg becdc.+\€ inwc-t^d -o,,*

5+e? o51 e./e. o{ c^-r.r\.,o\ o.b &yc.^r*-Te-


O u cornj\e ,U'1ro\. o^r Z*e\'o , 4>o no r,, e ed .*o c.^\c.^\c^*\ e-
c.". { e- r -q C^'-b ari 'v- \ c,v d e yc^.x'+L^rr.e .

0
5 \ef cG -J-rr .te.^r 3 e c*\on 16>i 'th j\,o c^ x i 5.
C Lrc^-x-c^e-yerir.-\d <- e1\,^c^+i o, 33+ e *+ g 3+F, = o
-1r."{ --= j -, L
( j'.)-+
^ G t j-f* A (r'^,) *-E = u
-l*n * 6..-3 + J Sr,.: *\a= u
€.1.-^c"'*.,
'e z.<_ot c^n d ?vo.=T-* -f o:.tr.
,- c)
\
\.,\)+ E L^) >.'l> '- G.^:' * Y- = rJ
t^*= A \t, = 6 .^?- .: € rg
F,,= &f;.
t.3 = ! 2.6 2-
-R .- oi F)
q*-
()4Y-<-hs
J\o-\ oe-e. -lhe
6*fb :

o'f , c-, 5ho.,c -fhc^-l -par* tr4 Beo{ \oc--^a &r *}.,e oTerr lryoT -T, F
QC.1 Htel = B(o+z) !g cj.r-c-Le, lq- rnoTK-)
5 (s+r)
q tg) ft te,) = \< ( e+ ,)
5 (e+r;
l-\^*\ 6=_.( *jF
= ts ["r. + j {b -'.} )
(attP) [u*1e+r)
l--Qt*1H rq) = .+-e^;' (Plo"")
+"^;\ ( ea) -t +o;\ (*lu -
)
+.,n .-1
P l&t F/at \
= -*e";' ( %.
") t '. t%)(*l**)
_ +.-^;'(:=) -f* n P (* +r) -+-\ P
t of \cr\ + t ) )tF"
ll

oT.b . -Bu-r\ toc^-^t,


X
Qca)H (e) =
9 PAGE
SCALE
Y 5 (4 "re-) Cg+d( DATE I I
P*
L9 (c,) H (e) '+e. Y1 e*-
"t+u .< ("1+ r) + 5lL
C5td+r)+CI(p
'*(&-,1 1 oL(d+ +pt )
F. c-cn&*..,uq IQC+1 Htq): -\6-u"
8(e.
.-- \ p
&) = -1." ril *.a--_ P (-d*r) +.( fs

"t (d+')
o(+)- t c)*

o 13
o a, I
=-Q
"( + t ol. ("r-r r) t pL
-P
t't ta*r)t- pa) - P ("t"\-\<) ("t+r) =- Q

"dt-rot + &- t*-*d--t&"t-t>) =D


-da-&c\-?- r f cf-= o
c"dd c-.n d 5u^L,'l'l'"c-\
o(q-fi"(-fi +r- t&=o
("1 -r)*1
€ =[,'fa)*
'1'.+ ig e1t^c,'$oO o{ c&rcl.e v,ci'}+-r ceolev c^\ Cz't')
on d tc.cl-iu^'= G
08" cr, 'D e-rs3"re- e^D eTp5:e€ei o9 -ka. .feesne.ri -peo\S d rse-grrro.,'1
o.-,
{*1*@^A -?"- c\ €€c--c,r'd -r.:t- d er a6er+e.o. Ce -oorrtsa)
R e.o^.,.,l--g...ra C rn"J
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C-or>

Seoond ox d et- -v sterr)


p\ (a) = U- *
,..a)
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3: oL^soi d c- \ *-\=.,"-,=4"o .4-nc rri oe \'-\ L, -) i3 pV3\c^i n e J


tI \e-t-trntr :f- J \,J
a_
u'- M (i.t,o) D'
ti-i * -\*cn
=
( j *) tt,o.,,L
nrr cL
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Cl.. = 7u,!,tt ,* c!*eged \*1, {5'^.''=$e:n 4*-^.'*''"-D
11 a
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Cl+tl z-f* [29- ,"1 '


(, )o* * q' /'-
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rr)c^x.,rr)L,rr) \ci\u-e () ( I*,\
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d rvl * +rG *&i'*
\-a-l
u''f q
d tr' =-
a'
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g qL L^
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= t*(r*u^\t--
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ct fi t,* (r-.^",qr*o =- o i- 6
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e hcr"--e,-
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\3
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(tr *"P )t+ o', q 'L^ -,
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o8"t) 3r'e-+c--lo *'Hre- 'bode -y\o* &t -tL.e oleo\*T **.,:,-$er{.,",c$o9


QLel HCa) = c^r'd dei.e'rrr:ir:€ -$-,e' "..\'^e'.o4
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:t
rn c"1; n c^ ., cl jl.,\Lo"J
e rn c^.v n . f to ._, c^r.Ks) fi*n
v
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Z by -g*-t K = \ "il
U
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q ( j-rt n tj*,) =

F4 rrl*t-.de- T to!

t
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I e rrrr-> -lC'l-{:eX I \-/-en 6\ o 7e- Chc..t in
t*e^d ) T3 C_ sto:pe_
Jt \d."-
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/ t *,.,o *2(]
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Le{ [ouoer Y') trL-- O'l ls-.-^d la.-
hlgAe.r
L e-'+ tr=\aLj,-)\ t T'l

c^* uO= L")1 >o"l -r-c,d leec.


2o \,:
t '/o', = 2odl:
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o= 2o \ol ,lr
o-- o d#
c.-l tJ : u3q1- .- tC x,c.cl I a-.-
ff = C gLo.T e .8t o.o r.c< r .*l: uJc 1x o e-4 u.rq,
l,c
tr *) "
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a
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se p\ot
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o. 2- '-[oe--d-tf
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to - 2-\7 .Lg
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lro -z 63. -1

(c-in rnc.^rxiD Qrr= \3.3s.t b


'--PH-ae 0
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e^*\ Urol'h'^q'*.a Q,-r = t: dt)
0
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o'r \a = \ 'c '4.o- -.^-3;'.,.. I t-\c^bi tt'*fr
rdr ,
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Q.\
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(C r-r)(. 1\.-r) ol ' r'"'

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=e-Qec-{
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Fc.,)'= \+q b\HLc)
t,oe hr,'c.,o.*t-,c,..t -yrr\e..:
o,1 \+ C,ta)Ft(t) =.lrr_r\.1= c\ o-pe., \tru1.
'{t".-g,4e n,4-. c'*' o o .

Ze.yut,,-8 \+ Cr(5) \{(5) : Ctr*.ged lc.? TCI\e o(


-*t^ e- g -(=hAi€rr)
€o'- 5'\e^b'L''oFl c-L[ z-e.ro z $ \ -t e (c.)H(c,.) -u^<;.i ut- ,*.. \e'4*
o
l-'tc^\'{ 'c( He =..:l ge".,\ed .*c^.\ .'-c.r*r_s1 .-tr-,c,o
=$t*.e-
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_p c^-fr C,.:> #*eo .. .

i;\cr1r .-lt--e'Toin'}t, oo *fi1."r<>n 'Jc"*h lo'*er t ''(


F ^=\c,-\ e uDr$r '-tt're- u.,.(V o'\ rr.:o';, Pt^fl joo
+-.^c t,r:.l \+ G (a) Hco) .+- ?- \ Z'(o) \Jc-',
J-t-:t, cc^(\e d N61"^..".t *g\ot o cO
'rr.-"L
Le+ N= €nci\-c-tsrr-rg.''*5 o8 o*ff " .,'9

d ,yr*oi
F ^T\ar'e \> "e\ot jo')
A c.-." cl I n .+- ry) c"-P t 1 '-*t'-e-oT€,r",
6 q
N ='-P- Z-
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c
4A N=? \.,-t-n-r>be11 o{ o:pqo \,;.T 'l:o1e,.- (.4",- c-l,c--ed t* f

N= j3=o J..,- c':p eo L e-o f 35= \-.'>


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o4 +{^'e c),o36! \croJ affete-'o t clroee- \cT..r trro-P tro-3{."U
-$,-.',c*'.,on i s eC.,1 H Ce) =U rq (a - fi )
( a+r1L
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C--on'*r:..^\^. {

M e.'f*y:i r,1 o ,4 4 ec-,$ o'.) C r J \4)


U
-t j dl
Q(i.o) ht\*:) = ts (J-o*+') C1
C\ ?- -+ eA
(i* +\)e-
u*
ts- ( j\n-h) (r-f*i
'-:-_:_0- -i'o
( j.- -t I )'L (r--1'c1
., \:(e ,*9-l) tr.^. (3 -*r)
-rl
( t ,t.,t,o 1L ( t+.-o )
c^{ uC: -oo qtl.^l)Ht\.o)*- t:+Jo
q Ll.-) H [i'')= :]rt..-, "*lo
c^* t", '= O
': q tl.,,) H ti'o) : [r \5 +Jc -_
c.{ uC C+
Q tj.,c) \r (i'o) * o-
c^tr.r= +t>{3
jo
l./\c.1;1:in c1
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Ll

5o Urn K (re.lo -+,) e tg


tB-p L;-l
= 'B->*
ts-,
O
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9= 30 ) oe.-j3o
3o
o

L:2" .*o
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h e. *tr\ o 't -.\ t-r rn 3 <:\rc - d ..-, '+L' e c'x-;6, n -.\=. -
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qr
L3 =.^"

on'Jv.e- -rs-e,c.f crTi<r


1:
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t (t3.^:1 H (j"o11 io Y- ( e [s)2- d1 ) F,
(,+ S-)* I f)-
I

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f-t-
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lv

N= -\ , T-- o
N=?-z-
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2>l
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tn1'
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lO.q- € )< ?\.rU O -tt^ s *p\rc^ge,*a c-orr>*?e., e q*l-r>rr .,oi'ib n e,.^{' <-i rrc-"-:, t
c! e"flnr.^.n q.., d derir,-e- eilr""eseltrD -S"- *ne- -1t,.',3'$e'r
J-..^-!.*o. o4 G \oA c.cF',-7eD=c'-fortr, CG *',ot\<9)
Tl^e ao1 c-orr;yeX=o-lot i3 on <9ec*-rtcot,.,e+*,ro1r\$ rchic.h
lrrod-c-eJ 61 3inLrsoi d*[ rcu^{ j'.^{ \-,c^w'inq .*ue 1\^c": e \c^q uohu,
c" ei nuaoi dc.( in1r.-* i e, o-p1:U e d . \,^e. ,HFf covr)Ten=r-.+t>=U
ci'rs-r-.t-^rt in -il-e- '3' do_n.u.t ie, g\..,o..,-o ,\, 4,*_,-a \:e;po.o.
()
+
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t
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Vo
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= .*.^ -,-*i', o o,{ +t-r; s Le- c-cnOfqr)t)c-*1 oY i::
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fl
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uoV''evc- C=.RzC
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ke-<. o( ) t A*.., ,*r..e .-r*:B=' .{-,,-.,".t,o' Loe ce.o
con c-Lr-^de- --tt''e-*\ .-it-r e t-il c-ayr-lI eo=..*l-o.r L.,c-g c,r\e
To\e c;.t
4 = -t la a c^n cl on e .- r
c^:\' =- 7c ..--TLr.; - y'..,ec...,= .it-.,e.
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.-lra "rOrriTf c in,-ll-.e .fo\€-z-e"-p
c .,n'S7(^\c.*t,,o n\ [
u4,,.be.S.}u^.\<
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B__ j ,.2 \,€ e .u2 a
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l_ _1.,o +l/c
v; tjw) ot \, +,/a t
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lfi e
cf,
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p = '+e^.il (ro e )
jhcr.e,e
+..;t ( oluo f
o'4'+u-., cu;*5,u^'* €inutsoi do(
)

5i 7nc.I i= eq*o[
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ffi;
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rn T 3 a-1-6^1- , *tt e -F L.o: g, clv\ ,:.{ +L- g .-\'t ...,s,}e v
C.C eo-.,
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.,

r)e ve
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n
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lo"b uCV'e^-I aye- -p,,e- \-1r...+c^{iun-r o8 3ivr.r!_e -.,\_rc.e
t
e \e-c^.1
co.r-\rtu\ ?. C ilr ...,.n, k<r) 0
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3'+*.b i\-.\ Y-t) r) -f\"''.^ -)a-. (a-u rJe- o-( '+t^ e- l-)o d e'-\'\ cr$
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o{ .+u e -iJ .D-
xu3 c"Y fr""{r-, {^r-"^-=
c^l 'it-'e ?*t'<.:cf":re\er '8'= €nC.t Clr-:d
f)c c(c,{ i \ez 1*
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9€ Th *
r I ==1"^!--- .^[ .=,.-ra\.{i e', 'oi+h \"'r1e ", ,,oL',reh
T*
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c$ '-I-V.e .{1c.>irn.,$ -fl.'<.=e \ec'd c^wc-'1 c .-TL-,.-.3,
c^ <;t'n

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can'lrro\\et rY?c.L/ lre- V=e cl -

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ilno[ c-^--n:,":h,1.1
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crls{L"ey o'1e p'Ta por'}rs'--.\ .+o ln.}e q.*-e.[ ,{ e-.o-,,o= =,.1r.-L.
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-r !. e- ?.-Y1c
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c^
r:
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I
c \ € rs trc;tr. -P f ]] c__c n.i.r-o \\ €r
= cr.b-€_ cc r-r_rr? 6n\\1 eu-.,p\ot.re .l
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rr).r ,-o. Hr!;
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fl=*^\, c.n c! d e.yr vc^.]i,1rs_
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r"-o-\:ceg3
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