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Computer 7-10

The document provides information about various topics related to computer networking and basic web programming. It defines key terms like network, Ethernet, hub, switch, protocol, internet, router, IP address, domain name system, graphics, file formats, programming languages, markup languages like HTML and XML, CSS, the development of the world wide web, client-server architecture, databases, flowcharts and pseudocode.

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Lalaina Dela Cruz
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28 views4 pages

Computer 7-10

The document provides information about various topics related to computer networking and basic web programming. It defines key terms like network, Ethernet, hub, switch, protocol, internet, router, IP address, domain name system, graphics, file formats, programming languages, markup languages like HTML and XML, CSS, the development of the world wide web, client-server architecture, databases, flowcharts and pseudocode.

Uploaded by

Lalaina Dela Cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOP ACHIEVERS PRIVATE SCHOOL, INC.

Alicia; Cauayan; Santiago; Sta. Ana; Roxas; Solano; Ilagan


“School of the Future”

TAPS ANNUAL QUIZ BEE REVIEWER


COMPUTER 7-10
NETWORKING
Network - created by connecting two or more computers using cables or wireless devices.
◍ Ethernet cable
-most common medium used to connect computers
-Connected to network adapter
-Known as LAN (Local Area Network) cable
-Located at the back panel of the CPU
◍ ETHERNET - Networking standard commonly used today
◍ Hub – device needed to connect 3 or more computer
-makes sure that the signal in the ethernet cable is maintained over long distances.
- also known as the repeater
◍ Switch - device needed to connect 3 or more computer
- More popular nowadays due to ability to direct traffic over the network
◍ PROTOCOL - Set of rules or standard being followed for computers to communicate.
- Set of rules on how to format/read data.

INTERNET

Internet
● Publicly accessed network of interconnected computer networks worldwide.
● Consists of smaller variety of networks(academic, business, government, etc.) which offer
different services such as:
◌ Mail, Chat, File Transfer, Etc.
Router
● Specialized computer needed to connect to a network to the Internet.
● Connects the network to another
● Directs traffic of messages or data packets to make sure that data is transmitted and received correctly
by the recipient computer

IP(Internet Protocol) Address:


● Unique identifying number given to a computer or device while it is connected to a network.
2 Types of IP Address:
1. Static – assigned manually
2. Dynamic – generated automatically

DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM

Domain Name System


● automates the process of mapping the IP addresses to their respective names (as maintained by NIC)
Domain Name Server(DNS)
● Database containing map information of a particular name and its corresponding IP address.
Nameserver
● Computer server that resides in a network implementing the DNS.
Examples:
◌ 1. http://www.facebook.com : 31.13.82.36
◌ 2. http://www.google.com.ph : 216.58.228.238
1
GRAPHICS
◍ Pixel(picture element): single point that makes up a graphic
◍ Resolution: number of pixels that your monitor can display
■ Setting the monitor to a higher resolution enables to display more at once
◍ Anti-Aliasing - makes the image smoother by improving the blocky patterns seen around a drawing
or image

Online Image File Formats

BASIC WEB PROGRAMMING


Programming Language
◍ Computer programming requires that commands or statements are written using different language
other than English language.
Example:
English Language: If the numeric value stored in the variable named N is less than or equal to zero,
then display a message that says “You have to enter a number greater than zero.”
Programming Language: if (N<=0){print(“You have to enter a number greater than zero”)}

Marked-up Language
◍ Almost similar with programming languages
◍ Use tags to tell how data is displayed in a page
◍ Used to give extra information about the data
◍ Without this, data is displayed as plain text

Different Marked-up Languages:


◍ HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) - Most common markup language used to instruct the
browser how to display the page being predefined markup tags.
HTML Tags
-HTML Documents are Text Files containing HTML elements created using HTML tags
-<!DOCTYPE html> - placed at the very beginning of the document is a document type declaration
that tells the browser that the document is using HTML 5.

2
◍ XML (Extensible Markup Language)
- A markup language used to describe data.
-Focuses on the data rather than the presentation.
◍ XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language)
-A markup language aimed to replace HTML.
-Stricter and cleaner version of HTML
-Use of closing tags is required

● Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)


– Added to HTML to solve rendering consistency problems – With CSS We can specify how to exactly
display HTML elements.
– CSS can be applied to XML documents as well.
-Used to design web pages

DEVELOPMENT OF WEB THROUGH THE YEARS


World Wide Web (WWW)
-Discovered by Tim Berners-Lee
-System of interlinked hypertext documents (or hypermedia) contained in the Internet.
-A document in the Web is called a web page
-Group of related web pages OR a single location in the Internet where web pages can be
accessed from is a web site.
▹ Web 1.0 – 1989
-Contains static or “as is” web pages that cannot be manipulated by the user
▹ Web 2.0 – 1999
-Evolution of Web 1.0 by adding Dynamic web pages wherein users can interact with the page
-Users can see differently than others
▹ Web 3.0
-Also known as “Semantic Web”
-Its aim is to have machines(or servers) understand the user's preferences to be able to deliver
web content specifically targeting the user.

CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
Client-Server
● describes the relationship of cooperating programs in an application
● The model assigns one of two roles to the computers in a network: Client or server.
SERVER -The server component provides a function or service to one or many clients, which initiate
requests for such services. A server is a computer system that selectively shares its resources; a client is a
computer or computer program that initiates contact with a server in order to make use of a resource

REQUESTS

CLIENT SERVER

RESPONDS

DATABASE
• Database consists of logically related data stored in a single repository
• Provides advantages over file system management approach
3
Queries
▪ commands used to retrieve and update records stored in the database
Database Management System(DBSM)
▪ Application used to manage the database

REQUESTS

CLIENT SERVER

RESPONDS
QUERIES SENDS MATCHING
RECORDS

DATAB
ASE

FLOWCHARTS AND PSEUDCODES


• Flowcharts and pseudocode are two commonly used tools to help document the logic of the code.
• Pseudocode is an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop logic of the codes.
Pseudocode is very similar to everyday English.
• A flowchart is a graphical representation of the code’s logic.

FLOWCHART SYMBOLS

Example: Write a pseudocode to determine a student’s final grade. The final grade is calculated as the
average of three marks.

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