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OpenGL Texture Mapping

Texture mapping allows adding surface detail to 3D models by mapping 2D image textures to surfaces rather than increasing polygon count. It has two main benefits over increasing polygons: 1) texture complexity does not impact rendering speed and 2) textures can represent fine detail that would be difficult to model with polygons. OpenGL provides functions for enabling textures, loading texture data, and specifying texture coordinates for vertices to map textures to surfaces. The CS 4621 framework handles many texture-related tasks to simplify usage. Textures can be sampled in shaders using sampler2D and texture2D, and coordinates are passed from vertices to fragments.

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53 views13 pages

OpenGL Texture Mapping

Texture mapping allows adding surface detail to 3D models by mapping 2D image textures to surfaces rather than increasing polygon count. It has two main benefits over increasing polygons: 1) texture complexity does not impact rendering speed and 2) textures can represent fine detail that would be difficult to model with polygons. OpenGL provides functions for enabling textures, loading texture data, and specifying texture coordinates for vertices to map textures to surfaces. The CS 4621 framework handles many texture-related tasks to simplify usage. Textures can be sampled in shaders using sampler2D and texture2D, and coordinates are passed from vertices to fragments.

Uploaded by

edmund
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TEXTURE MAPPING

TEXTURE MAPPING
Texture Mapping
● A way of adding surface details

● Two ways can achieve that goal:


● Model the surface with more polygons
● Slow downs rendering
● Hard to model fine features

● Map a texture to the surface


● Image complexity does not affect complexity of processing
Map textures to surfaces

The polygon can have an


arbitrary size and shape

Example:
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS);
● Use glTexCoord2f(s, t) to specify gl.glTexCoord2f(1, 1);
texture coordinates for each vertex gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0, 1);
in object space gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);
● State machine: texture gl.glTexCoord2f(1, 0);
coordinates remain valid until you gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);
gl.glEnd();
change them or exit texture mode
via glDisable(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D)
Textures in OpenGL ...
● glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D)
‣ turn on the 2D texture store
● glTexImage2D
‣ declares a texture’s size, color components (RGBA, etc), data
type (byte, float...), pixel data

● glTexParameteri
‣ set texture configuration: how does the texture wrap? How are
nearest-pixel values interpolated?

● glBindTexture
‣ “bind” the given texture to the active store. Only one
texture can be bound at a time. All future configuration and
co-ordinates correspond to this texture.
Textures in CS 4621 Framework ...
● Takes the burden of:
● Loading texture files as texture maps (~ glTexImage2D)

● Setting up the texture parameters (~ glTexParameteri)

● Managing the texture units (~ glBindTexture)

●Wrapper classes for working with 1D, 2D and


2D Mip-Mapped textures.

● Simple interface for using textures with GLSL.


Textures in CS 4621 Framework ...
private Texture2D texture;

public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {


super.init(drawable);

final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2();

try {
texture = new Texture2D(gl,
"data/textures/sample.jpg");}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.print("Can't load texture: ");
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
Terminate();
}
}
Textures in CS 4621 Framework ...
protected void drawTexturedQuad(GL2 gl) {
texture.use();
gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS);
{
gl.glTexCoord2f(1, 1);
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0, 1);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(0, 0);
gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);
gl.glTexCoord2f(1, 0);
gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f);
}
gl.glEnd();
texture.unuse();
}
Texturing in GLSL
Texturing in GLSL

‣ New elements:

‣ sampler2D (type)

‣ texture2D (function)

‣ gl_MultiTexCoord0 (uniform variable)


Texturing in GLSL – Vertex Shader

‣ Figure out the coordinate that we want


to sample from gl_MultiTexCoord0
varying vec2 coord;

void main() {
gl_Position =
gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex;

coord = vec2(gl_MultiTexCoord0);
}
Texturing in GLSL – Fragment Shader

‣ Take the coordinate data from the


vertex shader and sample the appropriate
pixel from the desired texture
varying vec2 coord;
uniform sampler2D sampler;

void main() {
gl_FragColor = texture2D(sampler, coord);
}
Texturing in GLSL – OpenGL App

‣ In the OpenGL app, we have to bind


the desired texture to the sampler uniform

Inside Init() Inside Render()

// Load the 2D texture texture.use(); // Make it the active


texture = new Texture2D(gl, texture unit
"data/textures/sample.jpg"); textureShaderProgram.use(); // Activate
the shader
// Get the sampler uniform
samplerUniform = // Bind the active texture unit to the
textureShaderProgram.GetUniforms(). sampler uniform
get("sampler"); TextureUnit.getActiveTextureUnit(gl).bin
dToUniform(samplerUniform);
// Load, compile and link the shaders
textureShaderProgram = new draw(gl); // Render your scene
Program(gl, vertexFileName,
fragmentFileName); // Revert the changes
textureShaderProgram.unuse();
texture.unuse();
Examples ...

● Simple texturing example using the fixed pipeline

● The same example, but using GLSL

● Toon shader with 1D texture map

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