Chapter 8, Problem 3

A machined and full-filleted AISI 4140 annealed steel bar carries a fluctuating axial
loading, as shown in Figure P8.3. What is the value of endurance limit Se?
Given: b = 20 mm, D = 30 mm, r = 2 mm
Assumptions: A reliability of 90% is used.

Chapter 8, Solution 3

Se = C f Cr Cs Ct (1 K f ) Se' (a)

We have r
d= 262 = 0.077, d = 1.154
D

K t = 2.5 (Fig.C.3)
Table B.4: Su = 655 MPa, H B = 197

Se' = 0.45Su = 294.8 MPa

Table 8.3: Cr = 0.89

Fig.8.8: q = 0.8, K f = 1 + 0.8(2.5 − 1) = 2.2

−0.265
Table 8.2: C f = ASu = 4.51(655) = 0.809
b

Use Cs = 1 (axial loading) Ct = 1

Equation (a) is therefore
Se = (0.809)(0.89)(1)(1)( 2.2
1
)(294.8) = 96.48 MPa

Chapter 8, Problem 7
A cold drawn AISI 1020 annealed steel link is subjected to axial loading (that fluctuates
from 0 to F) by pins that go through holes (Figure P8.7). What is the maximum value of
F with a factor of safety of n, according to the Goodman criterion?
Given: R = 10 mm, r = 4 mm, t = 2.5 mm, n = 1.4
Assumption: A reliability of 99.99% is used.
Chapter 8, Solution 7
Table B.3:

Su = 470 MPa H B = 131 ∴ Se' = 0.45Su = 211.5 MPa

Tensile area through the hole:

2( R − r )t = 2(10 − 4)(2.5) = 30 mm 2

and σm = σa = F
2A = F
2(30) = F
60 (a)

We have
Cr = 0.70 (Table 8.3) Ct = 1

C f = ASub = 4.51(470) −0.265 = 0.88

Cs = 1 (axial loading)
From Fig.C.5:
d
D = 0.4, K t = 2.8
By Fig.8.8: q ≈ 0.8

Hence K f = 1 + 0.8(2.8 − 1) = 2.44

Therefore,

Se = C f Cr Cs Ct (1 K f ) Se'

= (0.88)(0.7)(1)(1)(1 2.44)(211.5) = 53.4 MPa

By Eq.(8.20):

σm = 470 1.4
470 = 34.25 MPa (b)
(1)( ) +1
53.4

From Eqs.(a) & (b):

34.25 = F
60

or
F = 2.06 kN
Chapter 8, Problem 19

A small leaf spring, 10 mm wide • 100 mm long and h mm deep, is subjected to a

concentrated center load P varying continuously from 0 to 20 N. The spring may be
approximated to be a simply supported beam (Figure P8.19). Calculate the required
depth for a factor of safety of 4.

Given: Su = 980 MPa, Se = 400 MPa

Design Decision: Apply the Goodman theory, based on the maximum normal stress.

Figure P8.19

Chapter 8, Solution 19

b = 0.01 m, L = 0.1 m, M = PL 4.
M max = 14 (20)(0.1) = 0.5 N ⋅ m, M min = 0
M a = M m = 0.25 N ⋅ m, σ m = σ a

We have, σm = 6Mm
bh 2
= 6(0.25)
0.01h 2
= 150
h2

Equation (8.20) gives

σm = 980 4
98 = 71.01 MPa
(1) +1
40

Thus

h= 150
71.01×106
= 1.45 mm
Chapter 9, Problem 1

The bearings of the shafts described in the following problems act as simple supports.

Design a solid shaft for a 15-hp motor operating at a speed n.

Given: G = 80 GPa, Sys = 150 MPa, n = 2500 rpm

The angle of twist is limited to 2• per meter length.

Design Assumptions: The shaft is made of steel. A factor of safety of 3 is used.

Chapter 9, Solution 1

T= 7121hp
n = 7121(15)
2500 = 42.73 N ⋅ m
and

π 42.73(103 )
2 c = τ all = c = 8.16 mm
3 T
150 3 ,

Also
φall π
L = GJ
T
; 2( 180 ) = 80(10
42.73(2)
9
)π c 4
, c = 9.93 mm

A 20-mm dia. shaft would probably be selected.

Chapter 9, Problem 2
The bearings of the shafts described in the following problems act as simple supports.
A 40-hp motor, through a set of gears, drives a shaft at a speed n, as shown in Figure
P9.2.
 (a) Based on a safety factor of 2, design solid shafts AC and BC.
(b) Determine the total angle of twist between A and B.
Given: G = 82 GPa, Sys = 210 MPa, n = 1200 rpm
Chapter 9, Solution 2

(a) TAC = 7121hp

n = 7121(10)
1200 = 59.34 N ⋅ m
and

π 59.34(103 )
2 c = τ all = c = 7.11 mm ∴ DAC = 14.22 mm
3 T
210 2 ,

Similarly

TCB = 7121(30)
1200 = 178 N ⋅ m
3
π
2 c = 210 2 , c = 10.26 mm ∴ DCB = 20.52 mm
3 178(10 )

(b) We have φ = TL GJ , with J = π c 4 2.

Thus

φ AC = π
59.34(2)
= 0.361 rad = 20.66o
(0.00711) (82×10 )
4 9
2

φ BC = π
178(4)
= 0.499 rad = 28.59o
(0.01026) (82×10 )
4 9
2
Hence

φ AB = φ AC + φ BC = 49.25o

Chapter 9, Problem 5

The bearings of the shafts described in the following problems act as simple supports.

Asolid steel shaft carries belt tensions (at an angle α from the y axis in the yz plane) at
pulley C, as shown in Figure P9.5. For α = 0 and a factor of safety of n, design the shaft
according to the following failure criteria:
(a) Maximum shear stress.

(b) Maximum energy of distortion.

Given: Sy = 250 MPa, n = 1.5

Chapter 9, Solution 5

y
0.6 kN ⋅ m 0.6 kN ⋅ m
Critical point is just
A x
to C B
z 6 kN the right of C.
3.75 kN 2.25 kN

1125
. kN ⋅ m
M
x

0.6 kN ⋅ m
T
x

1
Sy 250(106 ) 3
(a) n = π32
D3
M 2 +T2; 1.5 = 32(10
π D3
)
[1.1252 + 0.62 ] 2
or D = 42.71 mm

1
250(106 ) 32(103 )
(b) 1.5 = πD 3 [1.1252 + 43 (0.6) 2 ] 2
Solving D = 42.3 mm
Chapter 9, Problem 16
A solid steel shaft of diameter D is supported and loaded as shown in Figure P9.16.
Determine the critical speed ncr in rpm.
Given: D = 25 mm, E = 210 GPa

Chapter 9, Solution 16

Refer to Case 6 of Table A.9:

δ = 6Pbx
LEI ( L − b − x )
2 2 2

We have I = π4 (12.5) 4 = 19.175 × 103 mm 4

WD = WE = 15 × 9.81 = 147.2 N

Deflection at D:

−1 − 0.4 )
2 2 2
δ D ' = 147.2(1)(0.4)(1.4
6(1400)(210×19.175) = 1.393 mm

− 0.4 − 0.4 )
2 2 2
δ D '' = 147.2(0.4)(0.4)(1.4
6(1400)(210×19.175) = 1.142 mm
and

δ D = δ E = 1.392 + 1.142 = 2.535 mm

Equation (9.18) results in

2 gW δ
ncr = 1
2π 2W δ 2 = 1
2π
g
δ = 1
2π
9.81
2.535×10−3
= 9.901 cps
= 594 rpm
Chapter 9, Problem 20

A 3
8 × 3
8 × 3 in. key is used to hold a 3 in. long hub in a 1 1
2 in. diameter shaft. What
is the factor of safety against shear failure of the key if the torque transmitted is 3.5
kip·in.

Assumption: Key and shaft are of the same material with an allowable stress of 10 ksi.

Chapter 9, Solution 20

We have F = Tr = 3.5
34 = 4.667 kips

τ all wL
By Eq.(9.21): n = 2F = (10)(3 8)(3)
2(4.667) = 1.205