AUTONOMOUS

ROBOTS EX612
EC6
2022-23
SANGEETA DOIPHODE
COURSE OUTCOMES

• CO1 - Understand the concept of Arduino processor and IOT

• CO2 - Apply the basic protocol and working principle of interfacing modules
• CO3 - Analyse various application programs for a wide range of Arduino processors
• CO4 - Design, debug and troubleshoot Arduino/IOT based project
UNIT 5 - INTERNET OF THINGS - IOT

5.1 Introduction to IoT - Defining IoT, characteristics of IoT, physical design of IoT, logical
design of IoT, functional blocks of IoT, communication models,IOT Module (LEVEL 1)
5.2 Interfacing IOT module to Arduino board (LEVEL 2)
5.3 Arduino based IOT applications (LEVEL 4)
IOT MODULE

• Also called "wireless module", “RF module" or "IoT chip"

• An IoT module is a small electronic device embedded in objects, machines, and things connected to wireless
networks; It sends and receives data.
• It contains the same technology and data circuits found in mobile phones but without features like a display or
keypad
• IoT modules provide always-on connectivity because IoT applications need to send data automatically, in
real-time
• IoT modules are designed for extreme durability and longevity and need to operate continuously for a
decade or more
• The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all the Wi-Fi networking functions from
another application processor
IOT MODULE – ESP8266

• It is a Wi-Fi module
• It is a low-cost standalone wireless transceiver that enables internet connectivity to
embedded applications
• It can be used for end-point IoT developments
• It uses TCP/UDP communication protocol to connect with server/client
• To communicate with the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, microcontroller needs to use set of AT
commands
• Microcontroller communicates with ESP8266-01 Wi-Fi module using UART having specified
baud rate (default 115200)
ESP8266 IOT / WI-FI MODULE
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
IOT MODULE - ESP8266

• It employs a 32-bit RISC CPU (reduced instruction set computer) based on the Tensilica
Xtensa L106 running at 80 MHz (or overclocked to 160 MHz).
• It has a 64 KB boot ROM, 64 KB instruction RAM, and 96 KB data RAM.
• External flash memory can be accessed through SPI.
• It can be used with ESP-AT firmware to provide Wi-Fi connectivity to external host
MCUs, or it can be used as a self-sufficient MCU by running an RTOS-based SDK.
PINOUT OF ESP8266 MODULE
PINOUT OF ESP8266 MODULE
PINOUT OF ESP8266 MODULE

Pin Name Pin Function

VCC Power Supply +3.3V only
GND Ground
TX UART TX
RX UART RX
RST Reset
CH_EN Chip Enable
GPIO 0 GPIO 0
GPIO 2 GPIO 2
PINS OF ESP8266 MODULE

• 3V3:+3.3 V Power Pin

• GND: Ground Pin
• RST: Active Low Reset Pin
• EN: Active High Enable Pin
• TX: Serial Transmit Pin of UART
• RX: Serial Receive Pin of UART
• GPIO0 & GPIO2: General Purpose I/O Pins. It also known as TX/RX pins are used for programming
the module or for serial I/O purpose.
To program the module using UART, Connect GPIO0 to ground and GPIO2 to VCC or leave it open.
To use UART for normal Serial I/O leave both the pins open (neitherVCC nor Ground).
NODEMCU ESP8266 DEVELOPMENT BOARD
ESP8266 FUNCTIONS

Here are just some of the functions the chip is used for:
• Networking: The module’s Wi-Fi antenna enables embedded devices to connect to
routers and transmit data
• Data Processing: Includes processing basic inputs from analog and digital sensors for
far more complex calculations with an RTOS or Non-OS SDK
• P2P Connectivity: Create direct communication between ESPs and other devices using
IoT P2P connectivity
• Web Server: Access pages written in HTML or development languages.
ESP8266 APPLICATIONS

The ESP8266 modules are commonly found in the following IoT devices:
• Smart security devices, including surveillance cameras and smart locks
• Smart energy devices, including HVACs and thermostats
• Smart industrial devices, including Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
• Smart medical devices, including wearable health monitors
And more
INTERFACING IOT MODULE TO ARDUINO UNO
INTERFACING IOT MODULE TO ARDUINO UNO
INTERFACING ARDUINO UNO WITH IOT MODULE

Requirements - Hardware:
• Arduino uno
• IOT module ESP8266
• Breadboard
• Pushbutton
• Resistors
• Jumper wires
CONNECTIONS TO IOT MODULE
IOT MODULE – ESP8266 CONNECTIONS

• ESP8266 is strictly uses 3.3 V

• Connect ESP's VCC/3.3V/Power Pin and Channel Enable Pin to 10K resistor then to Uno's +3.3V
power pin.
• Connect ESP's Ground/GND Pin to Uno's Ground/GND Pin.

• Connect ESP's Tx to Uno's Pin 3

• Connect ESP's Rx to 1K resistor then to Uno's Pin 2.

• Connect ESP's Rx to 1K resistor then to Uno's GND Pin

• Connect RST of ESP to Vcc (RST is active low Reset)

IOT MODULE – ESP8266 CONNECTIONS

To program the module using UART:

• Connect GPIO0 to ground
• Connect GPIO2 to VCC or leave it open
To use UART for normal Serial I/O leave both the pins open (neither VCC nor Ground).

If you attach serial debugger via USB cable or you open the COM port, the communication
between ESP and Arduino will be disturbed and cannot work. So before flashing Uno,
remove the Rx/Tx of ESP first.
SOFTWARE AND BOARDS INSTALLATION

1) Install the Arduino IDE.

2) Install the ESP8266 board in Arduino IDE:
• Copy the following link to add ESP8266 or ESP8266 integrated board in Arduino IDE.
• http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json
• Go to Arduino IDE, then follow the path File/preferences and open the preference tab.
• And paste the above link in the additional board manager URL box as shown in the image.
• After this, go to Tool/ BoardTools/board/board manager and type ESP8266.You will find a board
of ESP8266 click on the install option.
• Go to Tools /Board/ ESP8266 (2.7.4) and then select Generic ES8266 Module.
INTERFACING IOT MODULE TO ARDUINO UNO

Set up the connection

• Download TCP Client for Android on your phone - You can download any TCP Client available in
Play Store,example:TCP Client by Sollae Systems
• From your phone, connect to ESP8266 Wi-Fi - usually the name of the wi-fi / ssid will start
in ESP following its version name, example:ESP11
• If ESP8266 wifi is not displayed from available wifi networks, make sure Arduino is running and everything
is connected correctly.If not troubleshoot your ESP by following its documentation.
Once everything is set up, you would notice that your ESP8266 Wi-Fi will be available within the range of
your phone.
INTERFACING IOT MODULE TO ARDUINO UNO

• Once connected, get the static IP address - you can check the ESP's IP by going to Wi-Fi settings of
your phone,and click the network info.The default IP Address in AP mode is 192.168.4.1
• You can change the static IP by following this Wifi.config() reference.
• Open TCP Client downloaded earlier.
• Create connection by clicking connect, add ESP's IP and port number, example 80
• Wait for the TCP Console to say "Connected“
• Once connected,send request by typing

esp8266: <any AT Commands>

ARDUINO BASED IOT APPLICATIONS

• Bluetooth-based home automation

• Plant watering system
• Pet feeder
• Smart garbage monitoring system
• Robotic arm
• Smart phone – controlled electric skateboard
• Smart automated pill dispenser
• Smart thermostat
ARDUINO BASED IOT APPLICATION 1- HOME
AUTOMATION
• Smart lighting solutions for homes help in providing good lighting and saving energy by:
1. Adapting the lighting to the ambient condition and switching on/off or dimming the lights when
needed
2. Sensing n movements and their environments and controlling the lights accordingly
• Thus, the sensor network provides services for sensing illumination changes and dynamically adjusts
luminary brightness according to user preferences.
• Key technologies include solid-state lighting - LED lights,IP enabled lights
• Both spectral and temporal characteristics can be configured to adapt illumination to various needs
• Wireless enabled and internet connected lights can be controlled remotely from IoT applications such as
a mobile or web application.
ARDUINO BASED IOT APPLICATION 2 – SMART
APPLIANCES
• Modern homes have a number of appliances such as TVs, refrigerator, music system, washer,
dryer etc.
• Managing and controlling these appliances can be cumbersome with the each appliance having
its own controls or remote controls.
• Smart appliance make the management easier and also provide status information to the user
remotely.
• Examples - Smart washers or dryers can be controlled remotely and will notify when the
washing / driving cycle is complete. It uses smart thermostat, allowing control of temperature
remotely and can learn the user preferences. Smart refrigerator can keep track of the item
stored and send update to the user when an item is low on stock.
ARDUINO BASED IOT APPLICATION 3 –
STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING
• Uses a network of sensors to monitor the vibration levels in the structures such as bridges
and buildings.
• The data collected from the sensors is analyzed to assess the health of the structures. By
analyzing the data it is possible to detect cracks and mechanical breakdown, locate the
damage to a structure and also calculate the remaining life of the structure.
• Using such systems advance warning can be given in the case of imminent failure of the
structure.
• Such a solution uses a large number of wireless sensor nodes, which are powered by
traditional batteries.They can be powered by mechanical vibrations, sunlight and wind.
ARDUINO BASED IOT APPLICATION 4 –
SURVEILLANCE
• Surveillance of infrastructure, public transport and even in cities is required to ensure
safety and security.
• City wide surveillance infrastructure comprising of large number of distributed and
internet connected video surveillance cameras can be created.
• The video feeds from surveillance cameras can be aggregated in cloud based storage
solutions.
• Cloud-based video analytics applications can be deployed to search for patterns for
specific events from the video feed.
ARDUINO BASED IOT APPLICATION 5 – LOGISTICS

• Route generation & scheduling - advanced dynamic vehicle routing/ route guidance using
combinations of road patterns, traffic, schedule based on the availability of vehicles, and
anticipating customer demand for pickup and delivery
• Fleet tracking - uses GPS technology to track the locations of vehicle in real time.
• Shipment monitoring - allow monitoring the conditions such as temperature, pressure
and humidity inside the container. and send the data to the cloud where it can be analyzed to
detect food spoilage.
• Remote vehicle diagnostics - can detect faults in the vehicles and warn, by using on-board
IoT devices for collecting data on vehicle operation such a speed, engine RPM, coolant
temperature, fault code number, and status of the various vehicle subsystems and running
diagnostic code.
REFERENCES

• https://robu.in/how-to-interface-esp8266-with-arduino/
• https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/IoT-device
• https://www.instructables.com/ARDUINO-IOT-1/
• https://www.oracle.com/in/internet-of-things/what-is-iot/
• https://www.simplilearn.com/iot-devices-article#what_is_iot
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/communication-models-in-iot-internet-of-things/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/characteristics-of-internet-of-things/
• https://randomnerdtutorials.com/esp8266-pinout-reference-gpios/
REFERENCES

• https://www.codingninjas.com/codestudio/library/characteristics-of-iot
• https://cstaleem.com/characteristics-of-internet-of-things
• https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/internet-things-iot-characteristics-kavyashree-g-c
• https://iotbyhvm.ooo/iot-communication-models/
• https://www.airtel.in/blog/business/physical-and-logical-design-of-
iot/#:~:text=A%20physical%20design%20of%20an,relying%20on%20physically%20connected%20devices.
• https://www.programmingoneonone.com/2021/04/physical-design-of-iot.html
• https://lastminuteengineers.com/esp8266-pinout-reference/
• https://components101.com/wireless/esp8266-pinout-configuration-features-datasheet
• https://techzeero.com/sensors-modules/esp8266-wifi-module/
REFERENCES

• https://www.electronicwings.com/arduino/esp8266-wifi-module-interfacing-with-arduino-
uno
• https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/imjeffparedes/add-wifi-to-arduino-uno-663b9e
• https://www.instructables.com/Add-WiFi-to-Arduino-UNO/
• https://www.electronicshub.org/esp8266-pinout/
Thank you!