 Color is a vital component of multimedia.

 Color is the frequency of a light wave within

the narrow band of the electromagnetic.
 Color derives from the spectrum of light
(distribution of light energy versus
wavelength)
 That is light whose wavelength ranges from 400-
600nm in the spectrum can be visible to human
eyes.
 Light that is infrared, or below the frequency of
red light are not seen by the human eye, and can
be created and viewed by electronic diodes and
sensors, and it is used for TV and VCR remote
controls.
 Ultraviolet light is the higher end of the visible
spectrum and can be damaging to humans
 The cornea of the eye acts as a lens to focus
light rays onto the retina.
 The light rays stimulate many thousands of
specialized nerves, called rods and cones, which
cover the surface of the retina.
 Cones are sensitive to Red, Green, Blue light
 And all nerves together transmit the pattern of
color information to the brain.
 The eye can differentiate about 80,000 colors or
hues, consisting of combinations of red, green
and blue.
 Additive Color Mixing
 Subtractive Color Mixing
 In the additive color method, a color is created
by combining colored light sources in three
primary colors: red, green and blue (RGB)
 This is the process used for TV or Computer
Monitor
 In the Subtractive color method, color is created
by combining colored media such as paints or ink
that absorb some parts of color spectrum of light
and reflect the others back to the eye.
 Subtractive color is the process used to create
color in printing.
 The printed page is made up of tiny halftone
dots of three primary colors: cyan, magenta, and
yellow(CMY).Four color printing includes Black.
 Models or methodologies used to specify colors
in computer terms are
 RGB,
 HSB,
 HSL,
 CMYK,
 and others.
 RGB- RED GREEN BLUE
 Using the 24-bit RGB (red, green, blue) model,
you specify a color by setting each amount of
red, green, and blue to a value in a range of
256 choices, from 0 to 255.
 In HSB(hue, saturation, brightness) and HSL(
hue, saturation, lightness) models you specify
hue or color as an angle from 0 to 360 degrees
on a color wheel and saturation, brightness, and
lightness as percentages.
 Saturation is the intensity of color. At 100
percent saturation a color is pure; at 0 percent
saturation, the color is white, black, or gray.
 Lightness or brightness is the percentage of
black or white that is mixed with a color.
 A lightness of 100 percent will yield a white
color; 0 percent is black; the pure color has a 50
percent lightness.
 The CMYK color model is less applicable to
multimedia production. It is used primarily in the
printing trade where cyan, magenta, yellow, and
black are used to print process color separations.
 YIQ and YUV were developed for broadcast TV.
 The Photo YCC model has been developed by
Kodak to provide a definition that enables
consistent representation of digital color images
from negatives, slides and other high-quality
input.
 YCC is used for PhotoCD images
 Palettes are mathematical tables that define the
color of a pixel displayed on the screen.
 On the Macintosh these tables are called color
lookup tables(CLUTs). In Windows the term
palette is used.
 The most common palettes are 1, 4,8, 16, and
24 bits
 1-bit supports Black and white or any two colors
 4-bit 16 colors
 8 bit 256 colors
 16 bit 65,536 colors
 24 bit more than 16 million colors (16,777,216)
 If you start out with a 24-bit scanned image that
contains millions of colors and need to reduce it
to an 8-bit, 256 color image, you get the best
replication of the original image by dithering the
colors in the image.
 Dithering is a process whereby the color value of
each pixel is changed to the closest matching
color value in the target palette, using a
mathematical algorithm.
 Dithering software is usually built into image-
editing programs and is also available in many
multimedia authoring systems as part of the
application’s palette management suite of tools.