GROUP MEMBERS:

M. SAQIB ALI (BUS-20F-126)

DUA HUSSAIN (BUS-20F-024)
M. AHMED (BUS-20F-058)
SAWAIRA ALI (BUS-20F-101)
DEPARTMENT: BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION
SECTION: 1 (C)
TEACHER: MR FAHAD WARSI
COURSE:
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTING
TOPIC: COURSE CODE: CSC320
Artificial intelligence
 PREFACE
We wrote about this project because we are excited about the emergence of AI as an integrated
science. As the science is very developing, Artificial intelligence has a coherent formal theory
and a rambunctious experimental wing. We develop the science of Artificial intelligence together
with its engineering applications. We believe the adage, “There is nothing so practical as a good
theory.” The spirit of our approach is captured by the dictum, “Everything should be made as
simple as possible, but not simpler.” We must build the science on solid foundations; we present
the foundations, but just sketch, and give few examples of, the complexity required to build
useful intelligent systems. Although the resulting systems will be complex, the foundation and
the building block should be simple.
We have resisted the temptation to just keep adding more material. Artificial intelligence
research is expanding so rapidly now that the volume of potential new text material is vast.
However, research teaches us not only what works but also what doesn’t work good, allowing us
to be super selective. We have included more material on machine learning techniques that have
proven successful. However, research also has trends. We have removed techniques that have
been shown to be less promising, but we distinguish them from the techniques that are merely
out of fashion. We include some currently unfashionable material if the problems attacked still
remain and the techniques have the potential to form the basis for future research and
development. We have further developed the concept of a one design space for intelligent agents,
showing how many bewilderingly diverse techniques can be shown in a simple, uniform
framework. This allows us to emphasize the principles underlying the foundations of
computational agents, making those ideas more accessible to students.
This project can be used as an introductory text on artificial intelligence for basic
undergraduate or graduate students in computer science or related disciplines like: compute
science, philosophy, or psychology. It will appeal to the technically minded; parts are technically
challenging, concentrating on learning by doing: designing, and implementing systems. Any
curious scientifically oriented reader will benefit from studying this project. logic, probability,
and control theory, isn’t necessary, because we develop the concepts as required.
S.NO CONTENT Pg NO

1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………3
2. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF AI………………………………….3
3. TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE…………………………………4
4. BRANCHES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE………………………….4
5. CURRENT STATUS OF AI…………………………………………………….5
6. USES AND APPLICATION OF AI………………………………………….7
7. IMPACT OF AI ON SOCIAL MEDIA……………………………………...9
8. CHALLENGES OF AI ………………………………………………………….11
9. PROS AND CONS OF AI………………………………………………….….14
10. COMPARISION BETWEEN HUMANS AND AI…………………….16
11. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LEARNING………………………18
12. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CYBER SECURITY…………….….19
13. LIMITATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE…………………….20
14.CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………21
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
TODAY’S WORLD:
INTRODUCTION:
Artificial intelligence means ability to understand. Artificial intelligence is a technology that is
already impacting how users attract with, and are affected by the Internet. In the near future, its
impact is likely to just continue to grow. Artificial Intelligence has the potential to vastly change
the way that humans interact, not only with the digital world, but also with each other, through
their work and through other socioeconomic institutions for better or for worse. The study of
computer system that attempt to model and apply the intelligence of the mind.
ACCORDING TO JOHN McCarty:
John McCarty who is known as father of Artificial intelligence. His phenomena of artificial
intelligence are that AI is the science and engineering of making
intelligence. In a sense Artificial intelligence is technique getting
machine to work and behave like humans. They are being used in
wide range of things, like healthcare robotics marketing business
analytics and many more.
Artificial Intelligence is an Internet enabled technology the Internet
Society recognizes that understanding the opportunities associated
with AI is critical to developing an Internet that people can trust.

HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF AI:

In the starting of 20th century, science fiction familiarized the
world with the concept of artificially intelligent robotics. It
starts with the “heartless” Tin man from the Wizard of
Oz and continued with the humanoid robot that
impersonated Maria in Metropolis. By the 1950s, we had a
generation of scientists, mathematicians with the concept of
artificial intelligence culturally assimilated in their minds.
One person was Alan Turing, a British polymath who
described the mathematical possibility of AI. Turing
suggested that humans use available information as well as reason in order to solve problems and
make decisions, so why can’t machines do the same thing? This was the logical work of his 1950
paper, Computing Machinery and Intelligence in which he discussed how to build intelligent
machines and how to test their intelligence
After 5 years, the proof of concept was initialized through Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, and Herbert
Simon’s, Logic Theorist. The Logic Theorist was a program designed to mimic the problem
solving skills of a human and was funded by Research and Development (RAND) Corporation.
It’s considered by many to be the first artificial intelligence program and was presented at
the Dartmouth summer Research project on Artificial intelligence. In this historic conference,
McCarthy, imagining a great.

TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

ARTIFICIAL NARROW INTELLIGENCE:

Artificial narrow intelligence ANI is also referred as weak intelligence artificial narrow
intelligence also referred as weak AI or narrow AI, is the only type of artificial intelligence we
have successfully realized to date. Narrow AI is goal-oriented, designed to perform single tasks.
Example facial recognition, speech recognition/voice assistants, driving a car, or searching the
internet While these machines may seem intelligent, they operate under a narrow set of
constraints and limitations, which is why this type is commonly known as weak Artificial
intelligence. Narrow AI doesn't mimic or replicate human intelligence, it merely simulates
human behavior based on a short range of parameters and contexts. 

EXAMPLES:
ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE:
Artificial general intelligence also referred as strong AI or deep AI, AGI is the concept of
a machine with the normal intelligence that mimics human intelligence and behaviors,
with the capability to learn and apply its intelligence to resolve any problem. AGI can
think, understand, and act in a way that is indistinguishable from that of a human in any
situation. 

AI researchers and scientists have not yet achieved strong Artificial intelligence. To
succeed, they would need to find a way to make machines conscious. Machines would
have to take experiential learning to the next level, not just improving efficiency on
singular tasks, but gaining the ability to apply experiential knowledge to a wider range of
different problems. 

Strong Artificial intelligence uses a theory of mind AI framework, which refers to the
ability to discern needs, emotions, beliefs and thought processes of other intelligent
entitles. Theory of mind level Artificial intelligence is not about replication or simulation,
it's about training machines to truly understand humans.
EXAMPLES:

ARTIFICIAL SUPER INTELLIGENCE:

Artificial super intelligence is the hypothetical AI that doesn't just mimic or understand human
intelligence. ASI is where machines become self-aware and surpass the capacity of human
intelligence and liability. 

Super intelligence has long been the muse of dystopian science fiction in which robots overrun,
overthrow. The concept of artificial super intelligence sees AI evolve to be so akin to human
emotions, that it doesn't just understand them, it evokes emotions, needs, and desires of its own. 

ASI would have a greater memory and a faster ability to process and analyses data and stimuli.
Consequently, the decision-making and problem solving capabilities of ASI beings would be far
superior than those of human beings.
EXAMPLE:

BRANCHES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:

PERCEPTIVE SYSTEM:
A System that approximate the way a human sees hears and feel object
VISION SYSTEM:
Capture store and manipulate visual images and pictures.
ROBOTICS:
Mechanical and computer device that perform tedious tasks with high precious.
EXPERT SYSTEM:
Stores knowledge and make inference.
CURRENT STATUS OF AI:
Nowadays Artificial Intelligence is the most trending
topic in IT and data science. A significant number of data
scientists focus on the development of AI systems such
as Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing.
At the same time, there is big demand for Artificial
Intelligence systems and applications in almost every
sector of the economy, including for example finance,
manufacturing, security and healthcare. In this context,
there is however much confusion among true AI systems
and systems that claim to support Artificial Intelligence as a marketing buzzword. There are for
example systems that think and reason in ways that are similar to humans, in order to solve
problems like loan applications’ processing, credit risk assessment and more. Beyond, simple
definitions of AI, it’s worth noting one of the key factors that differentiates AI systems from
conventional IT systems, which relates to learning. In particular, the majority of IT systems
apply fixed and given rules on input data in order to produce some useful output for their
application at hand. On the contrary, AI systems are not deterministic: They are able to extract
and learn rules, when fed with suitable data i.e. an AI system learns how to behave based on
data, instead of relying on existing set of rules
We are describing some important topic of Artificial intelligence:

MACHINE LEARNING:
Machine learning is also known as Deep Learning. Machine Learning is an AI app that gives
permission to the computer system to improve its functionality by gaining knowledge
automatically from experience and then using the same to process complex
calculations. Machines will no longer require to be programmed separately for every
function.

FACIAL RECOGNITION:
The trend has finally on trend this year. In fact, facial recognition is
considered as one of the biggest breakthroughs in the Artificial
intelligence industry and experts assume this trend would only
continue to gain momentum while the technology will become more
efficient with the passage of time. Facial Recognition works by
identifying a human image with the help of digitally formed
patterns. We can see many of our favorite smart phones using this
particular feature as a measure to enhance the phone’s unlock

UPGRADED PRIVACY POLICY:

Since everything is seemingly working towards Artificial
Intelligence integration, websites and applications are updating their privacy policy in
order to keep users alert of the latest changes that constantly keep pouring in.

AI CHIPS:
AI enabled computer chips is also the famous trend this year. A general CPU doesn’t
support the AI model, therefore AI enabled chips are being incorporated separately into
CPUs to make them function like an artificially intelligent machine. These AI enabled
chips can carry out highly complex mathematical calculations that allow integration of
the AI trends, such as face recognition and learning of machines.

CLOUD COMPUTING:
Cloud computing has met with a boost in the past few years and with AI’s integration
cloud computing has risen to a remarkably high level of significance. Right now, the top
leaders of cloud computing include Alibaba, Google, Amazon Web service, Oracle and
Microsoft Azure. Experts assume these top leaders will only come to play more
influential roles this year as they continue to expand on the global scale. Also, experts
are assuming this year Cloud Computing’s entire business will make a whopping $200
billion, which is 20 per cent more than the industry has previously achieved.
USES AND APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE:
Nowadays AI is not just a theory. It, in fact, has many practical applications. GARTNER
SEARCH shows that by 2020, at least 30% of companies globally will use Artificial intelligence
in at least one fragment of their sales processes. nowadays career across the world are depending
on artificial intelligence to optimize their process and reap higher revenues and profits. We
approached to some industry experts to share their outlook on the applications of AI. Few uses of
Artificial intelligence are given below:

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE:

In the year ahead, and particularly in the next five to ten years, artificial intelligence is going to
have a big impact on the Health care industry and the ways in which healthcare related
companies utilize AI. Here is a short note from Dr. Jeff Dunn, CEO of Radius health. Radius
Health is a transformative mobile app used by healthcare providers to prevent medical errors by
offering both clinical decision support during critical medical events as well as documenting
those events electronically in real time

INTELLIGENT CYBERSECURITY:
In regard to cybersecurity, Artificial Intelligence is making great strides. Although AI is
considered to be in its infancy in cybersecurity and cannot always effectively address all issues,
it works successfully in data protection. AI allows companies to detect vulnerabilities or
anomalous user behavior in such business applications as ERP or Financial system. A system of
behavior anomalies analysis in computer systems resembles the world’s most protected airport:
when you are on the way to it, the security system has enough time to analyze your identity; you
are examined by cameras and in case of any signs of danger, you are interceptedSo, even if
attackers have penetrated into a victim’s system, they start taking actions that differ from the
usual ones and as a result, they do not leave unnoticed and their damage is prevented.
CASINO/HOTELS/INTEGRATED/RESORTS:
The use of deep neural networks and image classifiers can analyze and parse images, which can
enable hotel marketers to monitor the images that provide the highest booking conversion rate
through each channel. AI can also be used to compute dynamic clusters of guests to create fluid
segmentation in real-time.

DIGITAL ASSISTANT
Apple’s Siri, Google Now, Amazon’s Alexa, and Microsoft’s Cortana are
digital assistants that help users perform various tasks, from checking their
schedules and searching for something on the web, to sending commands to
another app. AI is an important part of how these apps work because they
learn from each n every singular user interaction.

SELF DRIVING CAR AND PARKING:

Self-driving cars use machine learning, a subset of Artificial Intelligence, to
recognize the space around a car. Technology company NVidia uses Artificial intelligence I to
give cars “the power to see, think, and learn, so they can navigate a nearly infinite range of
possible driving scenarios,” . The company’s AI-powered technology is already in use in cars
made by Toyota, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Volvo, and Tesla, and is sure to revolutionize how people
drive and enable vehicles to drive themselves.

MAPS AND DIRECTION

When apps like Google Maps calculate traffic and construction in order to find the quickest route
to your destination, that’s AI at work. In the example below, Google Maps offers directions based
on the fastest route from Berlin to Potsdam according to the usual traffic.
COMMERCIAL AND FLIGHTS:
You might be surprised to discover how little flying your friendly pilot actually does in the
cockpit. A 2015 survey of airline Boeing 777 pilots reported spending only 7 minutes
manually flying the plane during a typical flight, with much of the rest being done by AI
technology. According to a report by Wired Magazine, Boeing is working toward building
jetliners completely piloted by artificial intelligence — with no human pilots at the helm.

IMPACT F ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON

SOCIAL MEIDA:
Using Artificial intelligence, we can easily communicate with friend’s family and colleague

Twitter
From tweet suggestion to fighting unsuitable or intolerant content and amplifying the user
experience, Twitter has begun to use AI beyond the scenes to magnify their product. They process
lots of information through deep neural webs to learn over time what users preferences are.

Facebook
Deep learning is helping Facebook draw value from a larger portion of its unstructured
datasets created by almost 2 billion people updating their statuses 293,000 times per minute.
Most of its deep learning technology is built on the Torch framework that focuses on deep
learning technologies and neural networks.

Instagram
Instagram a uses big data and artificial intelligence as well to target advertising and fight cyber
bullying and delete inappropriate comments. As the amount of content grows in the platform,
artificial intelligence is critical to be able to show users of the platform information they might
like, fight spam and emerge the user experience.

Chabot’s
Chabot’s recognize words and phrases in order to deliver helpful content to customers who have
common questions. Sometimes, Chabot’s are so accurate that it seems as if you’re talking to a real
person. For example, the catboats conversation in the image below shows AI being used to
schedule a hairdresser appointment.
CHALLENGES OF AI:
AI programs are already penetrating all financial sectors, offering automation and
eliminating. There are predictions that AI will soon replace the vast majority of procedural
and laborious tasks, resulting in a lots of s of jobs being lost or replaced by computers. This
creates specific social concerns about people made redundant and asks for new policies
regarding this work, education and social policies. we know that innovations eliminate jobs,
yet they create new ones, ending up in a positive balance
Artificial Intelligence development. There are challenges related to privacy and data
protection as well, as AI systems depend on the collection and processing of very huge
amounts of data AI systems will be able to behave ethically at all times. Another concern
relates to security, as the hacking of AI systems like autonomous vehicles can in several
cases have life threatening implications. All these challenges have to be addressed based on
proper technical measures and based on a collection of organizational schemes and socio-
economic policies.
 
Artificial Intelligence’s future is trending, as new science break-through will expand the scope,
functionality and flexibility of AI systems. The rise of generalized AI will provide a whole new
range of opportunities, yet it will also intensify the above listed challenges (e.g., ethics concerns)
as well. Therefore, companies had better prepare themselves for the adoption of AI on the basis
of a coherent strategy, while anticipating the next generation of applications.
PROS AND CONS: OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE:
BENEFITS:

COMPARISION BETWEEN HUMANS AD

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:
Nature of Existence

Human intelligence revolves around adapting to the environment using a combination

of many processes

 Artificial intelligence focuses on designing machines that can copy our behavior.

Memory usage

Humans use content memory and thinking whereas, robots are using built-in
instructions, designed by scientists.

Mode of creation

Humans intelligence is the real creator of the artificial espouses they get which
may result in millions of functions overall in their lives. However, Artificial intelligence is
defined or developed for specific tasks only and its applicability on other tasks may not
be easily possible.

Dominance
AI can defeat human intelligence in few specific areas such as in Chess a
supercomputer has beaten the human player due to being able to store all the moves played by all
humans so far and being able to think ahead 10 moves as compared to human players who can
think 10 steps more but cannot store and retrieve that number of moves in Chess. Intelligence
even but they cannot create a human being with superiority.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
LEARNING:
As in the modern world AI used in thousands of fields such as IT Companies financial
companies and in a various industry. A recent study discovered that the use of AI in the
education field will grow by 47.5% through 2021. The technology’s impact will exist anywhere
from kindergarten through higher education to corporate training, offering the opportunity to
create adaptive learning features with personalized tools to improve learners' experience.

SMART LEARNING CONCEPT

The concept of smart content is a popular trendy theme now as artificial intelligence can create
digital content with the same degree of grammatical prowess as their human doppelganger.
content creation of smart learning, from digitized guides of textbooks to customizable learning
digital interfaces, are being introduced at all levels, from elementary to post-secondary to
corporate environments.

Smart learning content can also be used to design a digital curriculum and content across a
variety of devices, including video, audio, and an online assistant.

INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM:

There are now expert tutoring systems that use data from particular learners to give them the
feedback and work with them directly Another advanced version of ITS is avatar-based training
modules which were developed by the University of Southern California to train military
personnel being sent on international posts.

 VIRTUALFACILITATORS
AND LEARNING
ENVIRONMENTS:
A new trending technology is called as the "touchless
technology" or "gesture recognition technology"
provides virtual facilitators the ability to respond or
mimic like humans in a general way, responding both
verbal and nonverbal cues.
CONTENT ANALYTICS:
Content analytics refers to AI platforms that optimize learning modules. Through Artificial
Intelligence, content taught to learners can be analyzed for maximum effect and optimized to
take care of learners needs. Content analytics enables educators and content providers to not just
create and manage their eLearning content, but gain important insights into learner progress as
well through a powerful set of analytics.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CYBER

SECURITY:
As cyberattacks grow in volume and complexity, artificial intelligence is
helping under-resourced security operations analysts stay ahead of warning.
Curating threat intelligence from billions of blogs and news stories, Artificial
Intelligence gives instant insights to help you fight through the noise of
thousands of daily alerts, drastically reducing response times.

LIMITATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE:
CONCLUSION
Artificial Intelligence and therefore the technology are one side of the life that always interest
and surprise us with the new ideas, topics, innovations, products …etc. AI remains not
implemented because the films representing it(i.e. intelligent robots), however there are many
important tries to succeed in the extent and to compete in market, like sometimes the robots that
they show in TV. Nevertheless, the hidden projects and therefore the development in industrial
companies. At the end, we have been during this research through the AI definitions, short
history, applications of AI publicly, applications of AI in military, ethics of AI, and therefore the
three rules of robotics. This is not the top of AI, there's more to return from it, who knows what
the AI can do for us within the future, maybe it'll be a whole society of robots.

REPORT:
In this project we wrote the introduction of artificial intelligence history and background of AI.
that when AI was started. AI was started in 1950 and john McCarthy is known as a father of AI.
Then we wrote a types of AI. there are three types of AI AGI, ANI and ASI. Narrow is known
as a weak intelligence and general is known as strong intelligence then we gave a briefly
description of branches of AI. after the intro history and types we wrote about the current status
of AI and the impact of AI on social media after that we described the main part of the project
that is pros and cons of artificial intelligence there are many pros of AI we described some of
them. After this we gave a comparison between humans and AI. Last but not least we wrote a
comparison of humans and learning intelligence and conclusion as well

REFERENCES:
1: https://pe.ga/3nxQLFW

2:https://bit.ly/3bpy9Wh

3:https://bit.ly/2XrGfWh

4:https://bit.ly/35ubiFh

5:https://bit.ly/2MLihDb

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